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N1 more ... than N2 结构︰名词1＋比较级＋than＋名词2 说明︰此句型意为“比…更为…的…”。 People have to live on something more nourishing than hope. 人们必须依赖比希望更滋养的东西来过活。 I have never seen a girl more beautiful than Mary. 我从未见过比玛丽更为美丽的女孩子。 I want some persons more experienced than Tom. 我要一些比汤姆更有经验的人。 more N than + ADJ/V-ed 结构︰比较级＋名词＋than＋（be 动词）＋形容词／过去分词 说明︰此句型意为“比…来得更多的…”。be <动词>通常省略。 Some people give higher priced gifts than necessary for the situation. 有些人给了比情况所必要来得更高价的礼物。 I did more work than required. 我做了比所被要求的来得更多的工作。 We were given more money than necessary for the project. 我们被给了比计划所要求来得更多的钱。 It is better to V1 than V2 结构︰It is＋比较级＋to＋原形动词1…than＋（to）＋原形动词2… 说明︰此句型意为“…比…更…”。than 之后的 to 可以省略。 It is better to laugh than (to) weep. 笑比哭好。 It is more comfortable to lie on a lawn than (to) sit in the office. 躺在草坪上比坐在办公室里舒服。 It is harder to teach than (to) study. 教书比读书辛苦。 make ... more ... of ... 结构︰主词＋make＋受词＋more＋形容词＋of… 说明︰此句型意为“…使…更加…”。根据不同的情况，句子可以有不同<时态>。 Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight. 黑暗会使他更加珍惜视力。 Their sudden attack made us more aware of the danger around us. 他们突然的攻击使我们更加注意我们周围的危险。 Your encouragement made me more confident of my future. 你的鼓励使我对我的未来更加有信心。 all the more for ... 结构︰all the＋比较级＋for＋名词 说明︰此句型意为“即使…却更加…；因为…反而更加…”。for 为<介系词>，之后接<名词>为其<受词>。也可写成“all the＋比较级＋because-子句”。because 为<副词><连接词>，之后接<主词>＋<动词>，引导<副词子句>。 You will enjoy stories all the more for having understood the characters in them. 你会因为已经了解小说中的角色，而更加喜欢小说。 I love her all the better for her poverty (=because she is poor). 因为她穷，我反而更喜欢她。 I like the book all the more for its beautiful illustrations. 我因为精美的插图而更加喜欢这本书。 He studied all the harder because he had failed (=for his failure). 因为他失败了，他反而更用功念书了。 She is all the more beautiful for her shabby clothing (=because her clothing is shabby). 即使她衣衫褴褛，却显得更美丽了。 I respect him all the more because he has faults. 因为他有缺点，我反而更尊敬他。 I like Kyoto all the better for its many narrow streets. 正因为小道多，我反而更喜欢京都。 none the ...er for ... 结构︰none the＋比较级＋for＋名词 说明︰此句型意为“即使…却一点也不…”。相当于“none the＋比较级＋because-子句”。for 为<介系词>，之后接<名词>为其<受词>；because 则为<副词><连接词>，之后接<主词>＋<动词>，引导<副词子句>。 His health is none the better for his exercise (=because he takes exercise). 即使他运动，他的健康状况却一点也不好。 She is none the more beautiful because she wears a fancy dress. 即使她身穿时髦洋装，却一点也不漂亮。 He is none the happier for his great wealth. 即使他有钱，却一点也不快乐。 He is none the wiser because he has read many books. 他虽然读了不少书，可是并未因此而聪明些。 none the less ... for ... 结构︰none the less＋形容词／副词＋for＋名词 说明︰此句型意为“即使…却仍然”。相当于“none the less＋形容词／副词＋because-子句”。none the less 为<副词>，译成“仍然”，可修饰<动词>，<形容词>或<副词>；修饰<动词>时，置于该<动词>之后；修饰<形容词>时，置于该<形容词>之前；修饰<副词>时，置于该<副词>之前。 I love him none the less because he is poor. 即使他穷，我还是爱他。 She is none the less beautiful for her shabby clothing. 即使她衣衫褴褛，却仍然美丽。 He studied none the less hard because he had failed. 即使他失败了，却仍然用功念书。 ... no more ... than ... 结构︰A＋动词＋no more＋B＋than＋C＋动词＋D 说明︰此句型意为“A 不是 B 正如 C 不是 D”。“no more ... than”等于“not ... any more than”。若 than之后的词类与前面的词类相同，可以省略；若不同，则不可省略。 A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鲸鱼不是鱼正如马不是鱼一样。 A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man. 没有爱的家不是家，就如同没有灵魂的身体不是人一样。 He is no more able to speak English than I am (able to speak English). 和我不会说英语一样，他也不会说英语。 He is no more considerate of others than his brother is. 他不体谅别人，就跟他弟弟一样。 He can no more sing than I can dance. 他不会唱歌正如我不会跳舞一样。 We can no more live without sleep than (we can) without water. 我们没有睡眠不能活，正如我们没有水就不能活一样。 I am no more out of my mind than you are (out of your mind). 你我两人都没有疯狂。 Tom was no more surprised than (he was) disappointed at this news. 汤姆听见那消息既不惊讶也不失望。 He is no better (no more good) at English than I am. 他的英文不好，就像我一样。 ... no less ... than ... 结构︰A＋动词＋no less＋B＋than＋C＋动词＋D 说明︰此句型意为“A 是 B 和 C 是 D 一样”。“no less ... than”等于“as ... as”，no less 之后可置<副词>或 <形容词>修饰。 A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is. 鲸鱼和马一样都是哺乳动物。 He is no less clever than his elder brother. 他和他的大哥一样聪明。 She is no less good at swimming than Mary. 她和玛丽一样擅长游泳。 His parents are no less happy over his engagement than he is (happy over his engagement). 他的双亲对他订婚的高兴并不亚于他自己。 He studies no less hard than John. 他和约翰一样用功。 Associating with good friends is no less important to us than choosing good books. 交益友与选择好书对我们同样重要。 A good shirt is no less expensive than a jacket.一件好衬衫的昂贵程度并不比一件夹克衫差。 Sports wears, no less than suits, are very much saleable.运动服和西服套一样，非常畅销。 not more ... than ... 结构︰not more…than… 说明︰此句型意为“没有比…更多；最多只是和…一样”。等于“at best as ... as”。 She is not more beautiful than Mary. 她不比玛丽美丽－－顶多只是和玛丽一样美。 I was not more surprised than he (was). 我不像他那样惊讶。 He is not more handsome than I. 他不比我潇洒－－顶多跟我一样潇洒。 not less ... than 结构︰not less ... than 说明︰此句型意为“没有比…更少；至少与…一样”。等于“at least as ... as”。 She is not less beautiful than Mary. 她至少和玛丽一样美丽。 He is not less interested in composing music than Jane. 他至少跟珍一样对谱曲很感兴趣。 He is not less handsome than I. 他至少跟我一样潇洒。 no more than ... 结构︰no more than＋名词 说明︰此句型意为“仅仅…”。等于“only＋<名词>”，强调稀少。 It will take no more than five days to read the book. 不到五天，我就会把这本书读完。 It is no more than ten minutes’ walk from the station. 由车站走到这里只有十分钟的路程。 I had no more than 2 or 3 mistakes on my English assignment. 我的英文作业中只有两三处错误。 no less than ... 结构︰no less than＋名词 说明︰此句型意为“多达…；足足有…之多”。等于“as many／much as ...”，强调多。 I received no less than ten thousand yen for my work. 我的工资多达一万元。 The audience was no less than five thousand. 听众有五千人之多。 That hotel probably costs no less than 20 dollars a night. 那间旅馆的住宿费大约要20元一晚呢。 No less than ten students flunked the exam. 整整有十位学生在这次考试中不及格。 not more than ... 结构︰not more than＋名词 说明︰此句型意为“最多不超过…”。等于“at most＋<数词>＋<名词>”。 It is not more than ten minutes’ walk from the station. 由车站走到这里最多十分钟的路程。 I’ll stay here not more than three days. 我将待在这里最多不超过三天。 For safety’s sake, don’t drive more than 30 kilometers per hour in the city. 为了安全起见，在市内开车时速不要超过三十公里。 not less than ... 结构︰not less than＋名词 说明︰此句型意为“至少…”。等于“at least＋<数词>＋<名词>”。 The audience was not less than five thousand. 听众至少也有五千人。 I’ll stay here not less than three days. 我将待在这里至少三天。 Though they think it takes no more than three days to fulfill the mission, I believe it takes not less than six days. 虽然他们认为完成这任务只需三天，但我却认为至少需要六天。 at best + N 结构︰at best＋名词 说明︰此句型意为“充其量…；只不过是…”。等于“nothing but ...”。 Don’t expect much of him; he is at best a student. 不要对他期望过高；他只不过是个学生。 She is at best a second-rate singer. 她充其量是个二流歌手。 Don’t scold him too much; he is at best a child. 不要太责骂他；他只不过是个孩子。 much more /much less ... 结构︰much more／much less… 说明︰此句型意为“更不用说…”。“much more ...”等于“let alone ...”或“still more ...”，只用于肯定句；“much less ...”等于“still less ...”，只用于<否定句>。 She can speak English, much more/let alone/still more write it. 她会说英语，更不用说写英文了。 She cannot speak English, much less/still less write it. 她不会说英语，更不用说写英文了。 You have a right to your property, much more to your ideas. 你有处理自己财产的权利，更有支配自己思想的权利。 I enjoy singing, much more listening to music. 我喜欢唱歌，更不用说听音乐了。 She cannot buy daily necessities, much less luxuries. 她连生活必需品都不能买，更不用说奢侈品。 He can hardly run a mile, much less the marathon. 他连一哩都跑不了，更不用说马拉松了。 That father can’t discipline himself, much less set a good example for his children to follow. 那位父亲不能以身作则，更不用说做孩子的榜样了。 ... more than any other N 结构︰比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 说明︰此句型意为“比其他任何…都还…”。这是用<比较级>来表示<最高级>的同范围比较<句型>。也可用“<比较级>＋than＋all the other＋复数<名词>”来表示。 John is more diligent than any other student in his class. 约翰比班上其他的同学用功。 John is more diligent than all the other students in his class. 约翰比班上其他的同学用功。 Baseball is more popular than any other sport in Japan. 在日本，棒球比其他任何运动都受人欢迎。 Autumn is better for reading than any other season. 秋天比任何季节都适合读书。 Mt. Jade is higher than any other mountain in Taiwan. 玉山要比台湾的任何山都高。 ... more than anyone else 结构︰比较级＋than＋anyone else／anything else 说明︰此句型意为“比其他任何…都还…”。这是用<比较级>来表示<最高级>的同范围比较<句型>。anyone else 指人；anything else 指物。 John is more diligent than anyone else in his class. 约翰比班上其他的同学用功。 Time is more precious than anything else in the world. 时间比世上任何东西都宝贵。 Mary is more beautiful than anyone else in her company. 玛丽在公司里比其他人都漂亮。 We pay less attention to time than to anything else.我们对时间的不重视超过其他任何事物。 nothing is ...er than ... 结构︰nothing（或 no＋名词）＋动词＋比较级＋than… 说明︰此句型意为“没有如此…者”。这是用<比较级>来表示<最高级>的<句型>。 Nothing is more valuable than time, but nothing is less valued. 没有比时间更贵重的东西，但也没有比它更受轻视的东西。 No place is better than one’s home. 没有任何地方比得上自己的家。 Nothing is more pleasant than staying home listening to music. 没有一件事比待在家里听音乐更愉快的了。 Nothing gives him more pleasure than helping someone in trouble. 没有一件事要比帮助陷入困境的人带给他更大的快乐。 There is nothing to which we pay less attention than time and air. 我们对时间和空气的不重视超过其他任何事物。 ... nothing more than N 结构︰主词＋动词＋nothing more than＋名词 说明︰此句型意为“…只不过…”。“nothing more than”等于“nothing but”。 Others are dismissed as nothing more than entertainment. 有些只不过是被当做娱乐而不予考虑。 It is nothing more than a made-up story. 它只不过是杜撰的故事而已。 She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl. 她希望被对待得只不过像一般的女孩子。 ...er than ever 结构︰…＋比较级＋than ever 说明︰此句型意为“比以前更…”。than ever 等于 than ever before，意为“比以前任何时候…”。 There it was, ticking away, louder than ever. 它就在那里，滴答地走着，比以前更大声。 You should be more careful than ever. 你应该比以前更小心。 Does she spend more money than ever? 她比以前花更多的钱吗？ better ... than ... 结构︰better＋…＋than＋被比对象 说明︰此句型意为“宁可…；最好还是…”。better 之后可接<形容词>，<副词>，<名词>，<动词>等。 Please try to attend the meeting. Better late than absent.请您尽量参加会议。迟来也比不来强。 Better to postpone the shipment than to cancel the contract. 与其撤约还不如延期装运。 Better reduce the price than allow a discount. 与其给折扣，不如减价。 with no N is it ...er than 结构︰... and with no＋名词1＋is it＋比较级＋than＋with＋名词2 说明︰此句型意为“…这种情形没有一种…比…更为…”。此种结构，由于有 no，所以用 is it的倒装句型。 It is unreasonable to regard any language as the possession of a particular nation, and with no language is it more unreasonable than with English. 把某一种语言视为某一特定的国家所拥有是不合理的，而这种情形没有一种语言比英语更为不合理。 It is bad to get ill, and with no disease is it worse than with cancer. 生病是糟糕的，而这种情形没有一种疾病比癌症更为糟糕。 It is pleasant to chat with friends, and with no chat is it more pleasant than with close friends. 和朋友聊天是愉快的，而这种情形没有比和知己的朋友聊天更为愉快。 Who is the most ... 结构︰Who is the＋最高级…？ 说明︰此句型意为“谁最…？”。此句型中若将 who 改为 which，即用来询问一组事物中最具某种特色的，如例句4。 Who is the oldest of them? 他们之中谁的年纪最大？ Who is the most beautiful in their family? 谁是他们家里最美丽的人？ Who is the youngest here? 这里谁是最年轻的？ Which is the most interesting subject for you? 哪个科目对你来说最有趣？ the ...est ... not ... 结构︰最高级＋…not… 说明︰<最高级>词类与 not 并用时，有“甚至…都不…”的意味。 The most foolish man knows his own name. 再笨的人都知道自己的名字。 The loveliest flower cannot beat her beauty. 再漂亮的花也比不上她的美丽。 The greatest scholar cannot solve this difficult problem. 再伟大的学者也没有办法解答这个难题吧。 The richest man in the world cannot buy everything. 即使是世上最富有的人，也无法买到一切。 There is not the smallest chance of his escape. 他一点逃走的机会也没有。 Not even the thickest jacket was enough to keep out the cold. 就连最厚的夹克也不足以御寒。 The strongest man (that) you can think of cannot tear the log apart with bare hands. 就连你所能想到的最壮的人也不能光用手就将木头撕裂。 the ...est ... that V-ed 结构︰the＋最高级…＋（that）＋完成式 说明︰此句型意为“最…”。that 是<关系代名词>；<完成式>中习惯使用<副词> ever 强调。 That’s the best book that I have ever read. 那是我读过的最好的书。 That’s the nicest thing that has ever happened to me. 那是我遇到的最美好的事。 He is the most diligent student that I have ever known. 他是我所知道的最用功的学生。 That’s the worst performance (that) I have ever seen. 那是我所看过的最糟的一次表演。 of all the N, the ...est 结构︰of＋the three／the four／all the＋复数名词，＋最高级子句 说明︰此句型意为“在…中，…最…”。但须注意：“of the two＋复数<名词>＋<比较级><子句>”，表示“两者中…较…”，如例句7。<最高级><子句>也可置于句首。 Of the three students, he is the best. 三个学生中，他是最好的。 Jane is the best of all the students in her class. 珍是班中最好的学生。 Jane is the best of the three (students). 珍是三个学生中最好的一个。 Of all the high mountains, Mt. Jade is the highest. 在所有高山当中，玉山为最高。 Of all the four seasons, summer is the hottest. 在所有四季当中，夏天最热。 Of all the girls, she is the most beautiful. 在所有这些女孩子当中，她最美。 Of the two girls, Mary is more beautiful. 这两个女孩中，玛丽较漂亮。 A is the ...est among ... 结构︰主词＋be 动词＋最高级＋(名词)＋among… 说明︰此句型意为“…是…之中最…”。<最高级>后的<名词>通常省略。 The Chuo-shui River is the longest one among them. 浊水溪是其中最长的一条。 Which river is the shortest among them? 哪一条河流是它们之中最短的？ Paris is the most beautiful among the cities. 巴黎是这些城市中最美的。 A is the ...est N in ... 结构︰A＋be 动词＋the＋最高级＋名词＋in＋场所。 说明︰此句型意为“A 是…里面最…”。the 不能漏掉。 Jane is the best student in her class. 珍是她班上最好的学生。 Mr. Jones is the busiest man in the office. 琼斯先生是办公室里最忙的人。 The baseball game on Tuesday is the most important game this year. 星期二的棒球赛是今年最重要的棒球赛。 A is the ...est of N 结构︰主词＋be 动词＋the＋最高级＋of＋复数名词 说明︰此句型意为“…是最…的…”。本<句型>的意思等于“<主词>＋be <动词>＋the＋<最高级>＋单数<名词>”。 Robert Frost was the most American of American poets. 罗伯?佛洛斯特是最具美国风格的美国诗人。 He is the strictest of teachers in our school. 他是我们学校最严格的老师。 It is the most popular of movies. 这是最受欢迎的电影。 English is the most international of languages. 英语是最国际化的语言。 It is the most difficult of examinations. 那是最难的考试。 You must make the most of your opportunities. 你必须尽量利用机会。 A is the ...est of all. 结构︰主词＋be 动词＋the＋最高级＋of all 说明︰此句型意为“…是最为…”。“<最高级>＋of all”的<语气>比“<最高级>”强。 These frozen foods are the most convenient of all. 这些冷冻食品是最为方便。 It is the most important of all. 那是最为重要的。 They are the most dependable of all. 他们是最为可靠的。 A is most ... 结构︰主词＋be 动词＋没有 the 的最高级… 说明︰在以下几种场合里的<最高级>之前没有 the：被用来代替“very＋原级”或“very”以加强 <语气>时前面没有 the；most 的含义是“多数”时前面没有 the；用作<最高级><副词>时前面没有 the；带有<所有格>的<最高级><形容词>之前没有 the。 I think he is a most learned man. 我认为他是个很有学问的人。 A most beautiful girl came to see him yesterday. 昨天有一个很漂亮的女孩来看他。 Such a most talented person as he shouldn’t be satisfied with what he is. 像他这么有才华的人不应满足于现状。 A comet is at perihelion when it is closest (=very close) to the sun. 彗星最接近太阳时，它就是在近日点。 A person is most disappointed when he is in despair. 一个人在绝望时最失望。 He is calmest (=very calm) when he is all by himself. 他一人独处时极为平静。 The sentence of six months imprisonment was most unjust. 六个月监禁的判决极其不公。 Most people need six to eight hours of sleep every day.多数人每天需要六至八小时的睡眠。 Most learned men are modest. 大部分有学问的人都很谦虚。 I like apples best of all fruits. 所有水果中我最喜欢苹果。 Bill runs quickly, Jack runs more quickly than Bill, and Bob runs most quickly of all. 比尔跑得快，杰克跑得比比尔快，鲍伯在三者中跑得最快。 Jane’s worst fault is her quick temper. 珍最大的毛病是她的急性子。 She is my youngest sister. 她是我最小的妹妹。 A is the last to ... 结构︰主词＋be 动词＋the last＋（名词）＋to-不定词／子句 说明︰此句型意为“…是最不可能…”。the last 表示“最不可能…；绝不至于…”，它的后面有时有 <名词>。 I would be the last to attempt to answer the question. 我是最不可能去尝试回答这个问题。 He is the last person (that) I want to see. 他是我最不想要看到的人。 This is the last attempt (that) he would make. 这是他最不可能做的尝试。 The author should be the last man to talk about his work. 作者应该是最不喜欢谈论自己作品的人。 superior/inferior to ... 结构︰superior／inferior to… 说明︰此句型意为“优于／劣于…”。这是不规则的<比较><句型>，其后跟 to 代替 than，其他还有“prefer… to…（喜爱…甚于…）”，“senior to ...（年长的）”，“junior to ...（年少的）”等。 I prefer tea to coffee. 茶与咖啡，我较喜欢茶。 I prefer chemistry to physics. 我喜欢化学甚于物理。 He is superior to his brother in mathematics. 他的数学比他兄弟好。 A cheaper camera is not always inferior to a more expensive one. 廉价照相机的质量并总不比昂贵的差。 This plastic is inferior in quality to glass. 这塑料的质料比玻璃差。 He is senior to me by seven years. 他比我年长七岁。 The president was so young that he was junior to some of his employees. 总裁的年龄甚至是比他的一些雇员还小。 含不定词句型 I am glad to ... 结构︰主词（人）＋be 动词＋情绪形容词（如 glad，sorry…）＋不定词…。 说明︰<不定词>放在情绪<形容词>如 glad，sorry，happy，sad，surprised，troubled等字之后修饰，这是<不定词>做<副词>的用法。 I am glad to see him. 我很高兴看到他。 Sue was troubled to see trash everywhere. 苏看到到处是垃圾很苦恼。 Sara was excited to see the rock band. 莎拉看到摇滚乐团很兴奋。 ... too ... to ... 结构︰主词＋动词＋too＋形容词／副词＋（for＋sb.）＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“太…而（使某人）不能…”。too 为<副词>，可修饰<副词>或<形容词>。too 后也可接含有<形容词>的单数<名词>，即“too＋<形容词>＋a＋单数<名词>＋to-<不定词>”，也可以是“too much＋<不可数名词>＋to…”或“too many＋复数<名词>＋to…”。该句型如提到“对某人来说”，则加入“for＋人”。该句型表示“否定”的意义，若加上<附加问句>，则须用否定，如例句8。 He walked too slowly to catch up with me. 他走得太慢而不能跟上我。 It is too dark in this room for me to read a book. 房间太暗，使我无法看书。 This problem is too difficult for them to settle. 这对他们来说真是一个难解的问题。 The price is too low for customers to believe. 价格低得令顾客难以相信。 He is too young a boy to do it. 他还太小，无法做这事。 He has too much work on hand to go picnicking with us. 他手头的工作太多了，不能跟我们去野餐。 He has too many things at his disposal to go home early. 有太多事要他处理，使他不能早点回家。 The boy is too young to do it, isn’t he? 这男孩年纪太轻不能做这件事，不是吗？ I am too glad not to ... 结构︰主词＋动词＋too＋形容词／副词＋not＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“太…而必能…；非常…”。本<句型>具有双重否定作用，也可将否定词移到<动词>部分。 Our professor is too capable not to solve this difficult problem. 我们教授非常有才干，必定能解决这一难题。 This customer is too honest not to deceive us. 这位客户非常诚实，不会骗我们。 I am too glad not to help the boy.我太乐意了而不能不帮助那男孩－－我非常乐意帮助那男孩。 It is never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。 I am only too ... to ... 结构︰主词＋动词＋only too＋形容词／副词＋to-不定词 说明︰此句型意为“非常…”。only 除去了 too 的否定意义，only too 相当于 very，very much 等。 I am only too glad to accept your kind invitation. 我非常高兴地接受你的邀请。 He is only too willing to serve friends. 他极愿为朋友效劳。 I am only too pleased to do business with you. 我能和你做生意，太高兴了。 ADJ/ADV + enough to ... 结构︰主词＋动词＋…形容词／副词＋enough＋（for sb.）＋to-不定词 说明︰此句型意为“足以…”。enough 可做<副词>或<形容词>用，在此做<副词>，可修饰<副词>或<形容词>，恒置于被修饰的<副词>或<形容词>之后。 We need several men strong enough to do the work. 我们需要几个强壮得足以做这件工作的人。 They bought a house large enough for ten persons to live in. 我们买了一栋房子，大得足以供十个人住。 He is competent enough to fill that position. 他足以胜任那职位。 He ran fast enough to catch the thief. 他跑得飞快，足以抓住那小偷。 Our teacher is old enough to retire. 我们老师年纪已够得上退休了。 The assignment is few enough to be finished within half an hour. 作业很少，足能在半小时内完成。 ... enough + N + to do ... 结构︰主词＋动词＋enough＋名词＋to-不定词 说明︰此句型意为“有足够的…可以做…”。该句型也可写作“主词＋动词＋名词＋enough＋to-不定词”。 enough 在此做<形容词>，修饰<名词>，可置于该<名词>之前或之后。 He has enough money (=money enough) to buy a car. 他有足够的钱买一辆汽车。 He hasn’t enough sense to realize his mistakes. 他没有足够的辨别力去认识自己的错误。 It is a pity that he doesn’t have enough money to sponsor the project. 遗憾的是他没有足够的钱来支持这项计划。 Will 2,000 dozens be enough for selling? 两千打够卖吗？ ... be good enough to ... 结构︰Would you be good enough＋to-不定词…？ 说明︰此句型意为“请你…好吗？”。本<句型>的意思和“Would you be so kind as to ...?”一样， <语气>较客气。 Would you be good enough to turn the radio down a bit?请你把收音机的声音关小一点好吗？ Would you be good enough to keep silent? 请你保持安静好吗？ Would you be good enough to move a bit to the right? 请你往右边移一点好吗？ ... how (+ N) + to do ... 结构︰…how／what／when／where／which／whose（＋名词）＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“应该如何做／何时做／何地做／做哪些事…”。what，whom，which 为疑问<名词>，做其后 <不定词词组>中<动词>的<受词>，否则就做<介系词>的<受词>。how，where，when，why均为<疑问副词>。<不定词词组>中的<动词>若为<及物动词>，则后面要有<受词>；若为<不及物动词>，则不需要<受词>。 How do I know what to do and what not to do? 我怎么知道什么该做，什么不该做？ He showed me how to use the tape recorder. 他教我如何使用这台卡式录音机。 What to do is one question, and how to do it is quite another. 应该做什么和应该怎样做是完全不同的两个问题。 The trouble is when to start the business. 麻烦在于应该什么时候开始这项工作。 We haven’t decided where to go for lunch. 我们还没有决定去哪里午餐。 I don’t know which advise to follow. 不晓得该听谁的劝告。 I learned what expressions to use in public. 我懂得在公共场所中应使用什么措辞。 How to begin is more difficult than where to stop. 如何着手远比在何处结束来得困难。 You should know what to cook to eat. 你应该知道该煮什么来吃。 The problem is when to get the money we need. 问题是什么时候能得到我们所需要的钱。 There are so many fancy cars on display here that I don’t know which to buy. 有这么多的豪华汽车在此展出，我不知要买哪一辆才好。 ... only to do ... 结构︰…only／merely／simply／just＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“竟然…；却…”。表示与先前的努力相反的结果，一般用在句尾。 He studied hard only to fail in the exam. 他这么用功，结果竟然考场失利。 He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train. 他一路冲往车站，结果还是错过了火车。 He tried a second time only to fail again. 他再试一次，竟然还是失败。 He tried to increase his income by gambling only to plunge more deeply into the mire. 他企图藉赌博增加收入，却陷入了更深的困境。 I went out, merely to get caught in a shower. 我跑出去，结果徒然碰到一场骤雨。 ... have only to do ... 结构︰have only＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“只需…就够了”。相当于“All one has to do ...”或“What one has to do ...”。 You have only to sit there and watch what I am doing. 你只要坐在这里，看着我做就行了。 Don’t worry; you have only to sing a song to please her. 不用担心，你只需唱首歌让她高兴就行了。 You have only to go. 你只要去即可。 You have only to ask and he’ll tell you. 你只要问他，他就会告诉你。 ... never to do ... 结构︰…never＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“不会再有…的结果”。 He went on a journey when he was 18 years old, never to come back. 他十八岁时出外旅行，一直没有回来。 He went off to the war never to return alive. 他去参加战争，没能活着回来。 She left her husband, never to come back. 她离开了她丈夫，再也没回来。 make/have sb. do sth. 结构︰主词＋make／have／bid／let＋受词（人）＋不定词原形 说明︰此句型意为“要／嘱咐／叫…”。<使役动词>中，make、have、bid、let 等字加了<受词>之后，要接原形<动词>做<受词补语>，与使用<分词>相比，<不定词>原形重点在事实。变成<被动语态>时，该<受词补语>要变成<不定词词组>。但是 have 当<使役动词>时，无<被动语态>。 I made him do it. 我叫他做这事。 I let him do it. 我让他做这事。 They had/made the girl clean the floor. 他们叫这个女孩打扫地板。 The mother bade the child behave himself. 妈妈叮咛孩子要守规矩。 He was bidden to finish the work on schedule. 我要他按时完成工作。 My father will probably have Tom paint the house green. 我爸爸很可能叫汤姆把房子漆成绿色。 He had me help him with his homework. 他叫我帮忙他做家庭作业。 ... want/like to do ... 结构︰主词＋一般及物动词＋不定词（to＋V）…。 说明︰常以<不定词>作为<受词>的<及物动词>有：like（喜欢），want（想要），try（设法）， love（喜爱），hate（讨厌），forget（忘记），begin（开始），start（开始），need（必须）。 Some students hate to study English. 有些学生不喜欢研读英语。 You need to study in a quiet place. 你必须在一个安定的地方读书。 He likes to go to the movie. 他喜欢去看电影。 She wants to help Mary. 她想要帮助玛丽。 ... want/ask sb. to do ... 结构︰主词＋want／ask／tell 等＋受词＋to-不定词 说明︰<不定词>放在<受词>的后面，用于补充说明<受词>的动作，叫做“<受词补语>”；当<不定词>要表达“不要做某事”的意思时，则须采用<不定词>的<否定式>，即直接在<不定词>前加 not。常用的此类<动词>有 want，get，compel，expect，ask，would like，advise，urge，wish，tell，allow，permit，trouble，help，teach 等。 I told him not to goof around. 我叫他不要游手好闲。 The teacher urged his students to prepare for the exam. 老师劝他的学生准备考试。 They forced me to do things against my will. 他们强迫我做违背我心意的事。 Do you want me to go there instead of you? 要不要我代你到那儿去？ I got him to do it. 我叫他做这事。 Their help enabled me to finish the work with ease.他们帮助我，使我能够顺利地完成工作。 A sense of humor enabled him to get along well with others. 幽默感使他能与人相处愉快。 The heavy workload forced me to cancel the camping trip.繁重的工作量迫使我取消去露营。 The father allowed (=permitted) his son to travel abroad alone. 父亲答应让他的儿子单独出国旅行。 We troubled him to turn on the light. 我们麻烦他打开电灯。 We needed someone to fix the tape recorder. 我们需要有人来修理录音机。 I heard him sing. 结构︰主词＋hear／see／feel＋受词＋原形不定词 说明︰此句型意为“听／看／感觉…”。英文中表示“看”，“听”，“感觉”的三类<动词>，加了<受词>之后，须接原形<动词>做<受词补语>，用以表示已发生，而且是主动意味的事实。我们称此类<动词>为知觉<动词>，常用的有 see，watch，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel 等。变成<被动语态>时，<受词补语>要变成<不定词词组>，如例句4。这些词后也可接现在<分词>，强调“动作进行”，而接原形<动词>，则强调“整个事实”。 Did you notice anyone come in? 你注意到有人进来过吗？ As far as I remember, I have never seen him smile. 在我记忆中，我从未见他笑过。 She once heard him whisper to another girl. 她曾听到他对另外一个女孩说悄悄话。 He was heard to sing. 我听到他唱歌。 I felt my heart beat violently. 我感觉到自己的心跳得很厉害。 She liked to listen to children talk. 她喜欢听孩子们谈话。 We heard him playing with his puppy. 我们听到了他在玩着他的小狗。 Rick often watched the boats returning to port in the late afternoon. 瑞克常常看到小船在傍晚正回到港口。 be going to ... 结构︰主词＋be going＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“将做…”。“be going＋to-<不定词>”用作表示未来的<助动词>，表示最近之未来将做的行为或未来的意图。这种<句型>经常用于会话体，表示包含讲话者的主观或感情的情形。 He is going to marry Jane in May. 他打算五月和珍结婚。 I am going to stay up late to finish my paper. 为了完成报告我打算熬夜不睡。 I’m afraid he is going to lose the match. 我恐怕他会输掉比赛。 The train was just going to start when we arrived. 我们到达时，火车马上就要开了。 My father was a sailor and I’m going to be one, too. 我父亲（以前）是水手，我也打算当水手。 be about to ... 结构︰主词＋be about＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“将做…”。表示极近的未来之行为，故为了表示几乎等于现在的未来而不和未来之 <副词>一起使用，如：不能说“I am about to go next week.”。 He was surely about to change his mind. 他一定会改变主意。 She was about to walk out of the door when the telephone rang. 电话铃响时她正要出门。 Something unusual was about to happen. 某种不寻常的事正要发生。 ... be to ... 结构︰主词＋be＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“预定要…”。“be＋to＋<不定词>”含有事先的安排或命令，表示“必须…；应该…；打算…”。 A was to be placed onto A’, and B onto B’. ... seem/appear to ... 结构︰主词＋seem／appear＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“似乎是…，好像…”。to-<不定词>的内容是表示状态的词。seem 有时要加入“或许”（probably）的意思翻译起来才适当；appear 近于“乍看之下好像是…”的意思。 Taiwan seems to contain no petroleum. 台湾恐怕没有蕴藏石油吧！ The thread seems to match the cloth. 这线和这布似乎很相称。 He appears to be very tired. 他似乎很累。 These stars appear to move around the North Star. 这些星星似乎环绕着北极星转。 They appear to be able to handle the problem. 他们似乎可以处理这个问题。 John seems to love music very much. 约翰似乎很喜欢音乐。 To ..., Main Clause 结构︰不定词词组，主要子句 说明︰此类<不定词词组>通常放在句首，表示目的，修饰<主要子句>。常用的有 to tell the truth（老实说），to do someone justice（替某人说句公道话），to be brief（简言之），to begin with（首先），to sum up（总之），to make matters worse（更糟的是），so to speak（可以这么说），needless to say（不用说），to say nothing of sth。（更不用说）等。 To make sure that he was at home, I called him up in advance. 为了确定他在家，我事先打电话给他。 To tell the truth, I don’t agree to your plan. 老实讲，我不同意你的计划。 To do her justice, she is not as bad as you described. 说句公道话，她并没有你说的那样坏。 To sum up, only when strict punishment can be imposed on the lawless, can social stability be maintained. 总之，唯有当严刑峻罚加之于违法之徒时，才能维持社会安定。 Mary is, so to speak, a hardworking student. 玛丽可说是个用功的学生。 I can’t speak English, to say nothing of Chinese. 我不会说英语，更别提中文了。 Needless to say, learning without thinking is useless. 不用说，学而不思则罔。 ... pretend to ... 结构︰主词＋pretend＋to-不定词／that-子句 说明︰此句型意为“假装…”。pretend 后面用 to-不定词或 that 子句。 He was pretending to climb a mountain. 他假装在爬山。 She pretended not to go. 她假装不去。 He pretended to be a good man. 他假装是好人。 Let’s pretend (that) we are pirates. 让我们玩假装海盗的游戏吧！ ... stop to ... 结构︰主词＋stop＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“停下来…”。若“stop＋Ving”是“停止…”。 They just don’t stop to think. 他们就是不停下来想一想。 They stopped to look into the window. 他们停下来看看橱窗。 I have stopped smoking for half a year. 我已经半年不抽烟了。 ... be meant to ... 结构︰主词＋be meant＋to-不定词 说明︰此句型意为“…是有意要…；…是命中注定要…”。“be meant to V”有时变成“be meant for N”。 Some TV programs are meant to be watched today and forgotten tomorrow. 有些电视节目的用意是要今天观赏，明天忘掉。 He believes he is meant to be a great man. 他相信他命中要成为伟人。 This dictionary is meant for you. 这本字典是要给你的。 be + ADJ + to ... 结构︰主词＋be＋形容词＋to-不定词 说明︰<主词>实际上是 to-<不定词>的<受词>，经过转变而移到句首。 It was even more pleasing to look at in the morning light. 它在早晨的光线下看起来更悦目。 The rising sun is especially beautiful to look at from this angle.旭日从这个角度看起来特别美。 I think she is easy to please. 我想她是很容易讨好的。 ... be likely to ... 结构︰主词＋be likely＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“…可能…”。likely 表示具有充分根据的预测。有时<句型>可变为“It is likely that ...”。 One’s first impression is likely to be that everyone is in a rush. 一个人的第一个印象是，每个人都是匆忙的。 He is likely to arrive at any time. 他可能随时会到。 His health is likely to get worse. 他的健康可能会恶化。 make an/no attempt to ... 结构︰主词＋make an／no attempt＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“…打算要／没有打算要…”；“…试图要／没有试图要…”。 His smile deepened, but he made no attempt to answer. 他的微笑加深了，但他没有打算要回答。 I made no attempt to make friends with her. 我没有打算要和她做朋友。 Will they make any attempt? 他们会再做另一次的尝试吗？ happen/chance to ... 结构︰主词＋happen／chance＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“…碰巧…”。 A friend of his happened to be sitting in a railroad-coach next to a young man who was obviously depressed. 他的一个朋友碰巧在火车车厢里坐在一个无精打采的年轻人的身边。 We happened to meet at the station. 我们碰巧在火车站相遇。 He happened to be sleeping. 他碰巧在睡觉。 I chanced to be thinking of the same thing. 我碰巧想到同样的事。 ... is said to ... 结构︰主词＋is said＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“据说…（现在）是…”。而“is said to have been ...”是“据说…（以前）是…”。 His music is said to be “good”or “great”. 他的音乐据说是“好”或“了不起”。 He is said to have been the richest man in Taiwan. 据说他以前是台湾最有钱的人。 They are said to build a hospital here. 据说他们要在这里盖一家医院。 ... be bound to ... 结构︰主词＋be bound＋to-不定词 说明︰此句型意为“一定…”。“be bound to V”是“be sure to V（一定）”之意，而“be bound for”是“前往”之意。 Something is bound to happen one way or another to end the conflict or solve the problem. 事情一定以某种方式发生以结束冲突或解决难题。 He is bound to come tonight. 他今天晚上一定会来。 If so, your points of view are bound to conflict with his. 如果这样的话，你的观点一定会和他的起冲突。 ... do all one can to ... 结构︰主词＋do all one can to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“尽一切可能来…”。注意 do 和 can 的<时态>要保持一致。 Daddy did all he could to fill my needs and desires.爸爸尽一切可能来满足我的需求和欲望。 You should do all you can to persuade him. 你应该尽一切可能来说服他。 We have done all we could to catch up with them. 我们已经尽了一切可能来赶上他们。 have sth. to do with ... 结构︰... have something／nothing to do with ... 说明︰此句型意为“…与…有／无关系”。这是包含不定式的习惯用法。随着“有关系”的程度， something 可改为 little，much，a great deal 等。have nothing to do with表示否定；have anything to do with 用于<疑问句>中。 Her diligence must have something to do with his success. 她的勤勉和她的成功一定有某些关系。 The traffic accident had nothing to do with him. 这交通事故和他一点关系也没有。 His wife had much to do with his bankruptcy. 他的破产和他的妻子很有关系。 have no other N except to 结构︰主词＋have no other＋名词＋except／than＋to-不定词 说明︰此句型意为“除了要…没有其他的…”。except 可以换成 than。 The speaker has no other purpose except to make people laugh. 这位演说者除了想搞笑之外，没有别的目的。 We have no other choice than to agree with them. 我们除了同意他们之外，没有别的选择。 I have no other wish except to pass the examination.我除了要通过考试之外，没有别的心愿。 ... in order/so as to ... 结构︰in order／so as＋to-不定词… 说明︰此句型意为“为了…；想做…就得…”。这是表目的的不定词句型，意思更为明确。 He must work very hard in order to support his large family. 他必须拼命工作以养活他的大家庭。 Listen carefully so as to follow the teacher. 要仔细听才能听懂老师讲的课。 You must watch your step so as not to fall down. 你必须留心脚下才不会跌下去。 ... be used to ... 结构︰主词(物) + be used to-不定词 说明︰此句型意为“被用来…”。主词通常是无生命的东西。而“物＋be used as＋<名词>”译为“被用来当做…”。 The book is used to teach us how to write. 这本书教我们如何写作。 The knife can be used to cut meat. 刀能用来切肉。 It is said that the plant can be used to treat hepatitis. 据说那种植物可用来治肝炎。 The book is used as a reference book. 这本书被用来做参考书。 含分词之句型 I am + V-ing ... 结构︰主词＋am（are，is）＋现在分词… 说明︰此句型意为“<主词>（人，物）正在…”。<现在进行式>用于表示现在“正在进行”的动作或“暂时性”的动作，常和 now，still，at this time 等<副词>（<词组>）连用。而<简单现在式>用于表示现在的“事实，习惯或状态”，常和 every day，usually，always 等<副词>(<词组>)连用。 Bill is singing. 比尔正在唱歌。 Linda is cooking. 琳达在烹饪。 My father is sleeping. 我父亲在睡觉。 Mother cooks dinner every evening. 妈妈每天晚上做晚饭。 She is cooking in the kitchen now. 她现在正在厨房里做饭。 Father walks to his office every morning. 爸爸每天早上走路去上班。 He is walking to his office now. 他现在正在走路去上班。 Mary sings in her room every afternoon. 玛丽每天下午在她房间里唱歌。 She is singing in her room now. 她现在正在她房间里唱歌。 an interesting movie 结构︰主词＋动词＋a／an＋（very）＋现在分词＋名词（物）…。 说明︰“情绪<动词>”如 interest，excite，satisfy，bore，confuse，trouble 等，要修饰事物，常用现在<分词>；现在<分词>含有“主动”或动作“正在进行”的意味。 That is an interesting movie. 那是一部令人有趣的电影。 That is an exciting game. 那是一场令人兴奋的比赛。 That is a satisfying book. 那是一本令人满意的书。 Have you + V-ed ...? 结构︰Have／Has＋主词＋过去分词＋…？ 说明︰将<助动词> have（has）提到句首，即构成<现在完成式>的疑问式。 Have you had your lunch? 你已吃过午饭吗？ Has she ever written a letter to Mark? 她曾经写信给马克吗？ Have you found the pen you lost yesterday? 你找到昨天丢失的钢笔了吗？ a troubled student 结构︰主词＋动词＋a／an＋（very）＋过去分词＋名词（人）…。 说明︰“情绪<动词>”如 interest，excite，satisfy，bore，confuse，trouble 等，要修饰人，常用过去<分词>；过去<分词>含有“被动”或动作“已经完成”的意味。 He is a troubled student. 他是一位感到苦恼的学生。 He is an interested person. 他是一位表现兴趣的人。 He is a bored student. 他是一位感到厌烦的学生。 I have written a letter. 结构︰主词＋have（has）＋过去分词＋…。 说明︰<现在完成式>用于表示“过去某时”发生的事情，“直到现在”才完成，或“继续到现在”，或其结果“影响到现在”，它的肯定式由“have（has）＋过去<分词>”构成，其中 have或 has 是<助动词>，当<主词>是第三人称单数（he，she，it…）时，用 has，其余人称用 have。 I have written a letter. 我已经写了一封信。 Mary has studied English for three years. 玛丽研读英语已有三年。 He has liked dogs since he was a child. 自从他是小孩时，他就喜欢狗。 ... is ...ed by ... 结构︰主词＋be 动词＋过去分词＋by＋受词…。 说明︰将主动句改为被动句时，先将主动句的<主词>变成被动句的<受词>，再将主动句的<及物动词>改成“be＋过去分词”，且须注意 be <动词>的时式要与主动句的<及物动词>时式相同，最后将主动句的<主词>变成被动句 by 的<受词>。 The news is widely spread by them. 这一消息被他们广为传播。 Vegetables are needed every day by us. 蔬菜每天被我们所需要。 This letter was typed by Alice this morning. 这封信在今早被艾丽斯用打字机打过了。 will be V-ed by ... 结构︰主词＋will be＋过去分词＋by＋受词…。 说明︰将现在式被动句的 be <动词>（am，is，are）改为 will be，是构成未来式被动句的一种方法。 That book will be brought by Mary tomorrow. 那本书明天将被玛丽带来。 That car will be washed this afternoon. 那部汽车今天下午将会被洗。 The building will be opened next month. 那栋大楼下个月将营业。 be going to be V-ed by 结构︰主词＋be going to＋be＋过去分词＋by＋受词…。 说明︰在现在式被动句的 be <动词>（am，is，are）后加 going to be，是构成未来式被动句的另一种方法。 These clothes are going to be washed by her. 这些衣服将由她来洗。 A birthday cake is going to be brought to the table by the cook. 一只生日蛋糕将被厨师放到桌子上。 Music is going to be taught by Miss Lin. 音乐课将由林小姐来教。 can(not) be V-ed by ... 结构︰主词＋can（not）be ＋过去分词＋by＋受词…。 说明︰将主动句中的<助动词>（can，must…）照抄，后面加上 be＋过去<分词>，即构成含有<助动词>的被动句。 That lesson can not be understood by many students. 那一课无法为许多学生所理解。 The question can not be answered by many people. 这一问题无法被许多人回答。 His poor handwriting can not be read by himself. 他糟糕的笔迹无法被他本人所辨认。 ... V + V-ing ... 结构︰主词＋动词＋补语（现在分词） 说明︰英文中，若两个<动词>在一起而无<连接词>加以连接，所表示的动作又是同时发生的，则第二个<动词>要变成现在<分词>；若第二个<动词>是be<动词>时，应变成现在<分词> being，但 being通常予以省略。 We sat listening to the sound of the waves. 我们坐着倾听海浪的声音。 The dog lay dozing in front of the door. 小狗躺在门前打盹儿。 She stood there (being) motionless. 她站在那儿，一动也不动。 He quickly ran home, looking as if there was something wrong with him. 他快步跑回家，看上去好像有什么事不对劲。 I stand looking over the lake. 我站着展望湖面。 Some leaves went flying into my room. 几片叶子飞着进入我的房间。 ... V-ing／V-ed + N ... 结构︰…现在分词／过去分词＋名词（或名词＋现在分词／过去分词） 说明︰这是<分词>做<名词>之修饰语的用法，该<分词>修饰其前或后紧临之<名词>；<名词>之前有其他单字或<词组>跟随时，<分词>通常放在<名词>后面。 The shouting boy did not hear his mother call him. 大声叫嚷的孩子听不到妈妈的叫唤。 The girl standing in the front row is my niece. 站在前排的少女是我的侄女。 There were no printed books in those days. 当时没有印刷的书籍。 This is a play written by an American author. 这是美国作家写的剧本。 The prisoners closely guarded escaped from the prison last night. 被严密监视的这些囚犯昨夜越狱了。 I looked painfully at the vase broken into pieces. 我痛苦地看着这个破得粉碎的花瓶。 It is difficult to shoot a flying bird, especially a small bird flying high up in the sky. 要射中飞行中的小鸟，尤其是高空飞行的小鸟，非常困难。 Soon we came to a crowded street, a very wide street crowded with allsorts of vehicles. 我们很快就来到一条很宽、很吵杂，各种车辆来往行驶的大马路上。 feel/make ... V-ing/V-ed 结构︰keep／make／hear 等＋受词＋现在分词／过去分词 说明︰<动词> keep，find 或<使役动词> make，let，get 等，以及<感官动词> hear，see，watch，feel 等后的<受词补语>若强调正在进行的概念，且有主动意味时，以现在<分词>表示；若有被动意味时，则以“being＋过去<分词>”表示，均译成“正在…”。若要强调被动且已发生的概念，则用过去<分词>做<补语>，译成“被…”。 At last I succeeded in getting my car moving slowly.最后，我终于成功地让我的车子慢慢移动。 We saw him watering the lawn around the house. 我们看见他在为屋子四周的草坪浇水。 Have you heard the opera sung in French? 你听过用法语唱的这场歌剧吗？ I felt something crawling up my arm. 我感觉到有什么东西爬上我的手臂。 I saw him being punished by the teacher. 我看到他正被老师处罚。 I saw the boy carried away to the hospital. 我看到那个男孩被抬去医院。 I found the work being done in a rush. 我发现这件作品正仓促地被完成。 ... get(s) V-ed/ADJ 结构︰主词（某人）＋get（s）＋过去分词（或形容词）…。 说明︰此句型意为“某人变成…”。get＋<形容词>（过去<分词>）的常见用例有：get old（年纪大）， get hungry（肚子饿），get angry（生气），get sick（生病），get fat（发胖）， get tired（疲倦），get lost（迷路），get confused（困惑），get hurt（受伤）， get excited（兴奋），get ready（准备好）。 John got lost. 约翰迷路了。 Mary gets tired of wearing red dresses. 玛丽厌倦穿红色衣服。 The question is so hard, and we’re getting confused. 这问题太难，我们感到困惑。 ... have/get sth. done 结构︰主词＋have／get／make＋受词＋过去分词 说明︰此句型意为“把…（办完）”。make 之后的<受词>习惯上是“人”而非“物”；但 have 和 get 后的<受词>在此 <句型>中是“物”，有“叫别人代劳”的意味，即做事的人并非<主词>，而是别人。 Be sure to get the work finished before six o’clock. 务必在六点之前把工作完成。 Are you going to get the house painted green? 你打算要把房子漆成绿色吗？ I want to get/have these shoes mended. 我想把这些鞋子修补一下。 He has been unable to raise enough money to have the big clock repaired. 他一直无法筹募到足够的钱来把这个大钟修理好。 I’ll have it sent right away. 我会立刻把它（拍送）出去。 Have it charged to my credit card. 把它记在我的信用卡的账号里。 I cannot make myself understood in English. 我无法用英文使自己被人了解。（我无法用英文把我的意思讲清楚。） I had my tooth extracted. (=I had the dentist extract my tooth.) 我把牙拔了。（我是叫医生拔的。） Sth. is being + V-ed ... 结构︰主词＋is being＋过去分词… 说明︰此句型意为“…正在被…”。是<进行式>的<被动语态>。 Money is being used in place of something more direct.金钱正在被更直接地用来取代某种东西。 The machine is being experimentally used. 这些机器正在被实验地使用着。 The problems are being discussed. 这些问题正在被讨论着。 ... go + V-ing ... 结构︰go＋现在分词 说明︰此句型意为“从事…”。go 之后的现在<分词>通常是运动类的<动词>，如：fishing（钓鱼），boating（划船），skating（溜冰），skiing（滑雪），hunting（打猎），mountain climbing（爬山）， shopping（购物）等。 Sometimes Mr. Black went swimming with the children.有时布拉克先生和这些小孩去游泳。 We went fishing yesterday and I caught three fish. 我们昨天去钓鱼，而我钓了三条。 I find it interesting and healthy to go mountain climbing. 我觉得爬山有趣又有益健康。 The American housewife probably goes shopping only once or twice a week. 美国家庭主妇可能一星期只购物一、二次。 You may go grass skiing, bicycle riding, or shopping on the weekend. 周末你可以去滑草，骑脚踏车，或购物。 the + V-ing/V-ed/ADJ 结构︰the＋现在分词／过去分词／形容词 说明︰<形容词>，包括可做<形容词>的<分词>，前面加<冠词> the，可当复数<名词>用，表示“全体”的意思，其后的<动词>用复数形。常用的有：the wounded（所有受伤的人），the handicapped（所有残障者），the rich（有钱人），the dead（所有已死的人），the dying（所有垂死的人），the unknown（所有未知之事）等。 The rich are not necessarily happy. 有钱人未必快乐。 The oppressed were free after the coup. 被压迫的人民，在政变之后获得自由。 The dying were rushed to the hospital. 垂死的人被急速送往医院。 During the depression, millions of the unemployed wandered around in the streets. 经济萧条时期，有好几百万的失业者在街头游荡。 V-ing/V-ed ..., Main Clause 结构︰现在分词／过去分词…，主要子句 说明︰这是含<分词>句构的<句型>，是以<分词词组>代替<副词子句>。<主要子句>中的<主词>应和<分词词组>中的动作接受者一致。若<动词>为 be 或 have been，变成现在<分词> being 或 having been后，可以省略。<否定句>若变成<分词词组>时，<否定副词> not 或 never 应置于<分词>之前。 Holding the watch up, she listened. 把表拿起来，她注意听。 Standing in the dark, I can not see anything. 站在黑夜里，我什么也看不见。 Sitting under the tree, I was hit by a stone on the head. 我坐在树下，被一块石头击中了头。 (Being) a lover of nature, he often goes mountain climbing.因为热爱大自然，他常常去爬山。 Angry with his wife, Tom kicked the dog. 因为和太太生气，汤姆踢狗。 Rich and generous, he contributed two million dollars to the Red Cross. 因为有钱又慷慨，他捐了两百万圆给红十字会。 (Having been) Knocked down by a car, he spent a week in the hospital. 被车子撞倒后，他在医院里度过了一星期。 Seriously damaged, the bridge is no longer in use. 因受到严重损坏，这座桥不再使用了。 Caught in a rain, he was wet all over. 淋到了一场雨，他全身都湿了。 Bitten by a dog, the little boy did not dare to play with dogs again. 被狗咬过，这个小男孩不敢再和狗玩。 Written in English, the book is difficult for me to understand. 用英文写的这本书对我来说很难理解。 Not (being) fond of learning, he ran away from home. 由于不喜欢读书，他就离家出走了。 Never having been to Switzerland before, he longs for a trip there. 因为从来没去过瑞士，他期待一趟瑞士之旅。 |
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来自： MouseHappy > 《珍藏品》
