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It is 句型 1. It is + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. 2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂ 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported, learned....) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 6. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂。 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换．常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10. It is .... since ... 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 11. It is ... when ... 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂。 It was 5 o’clock when he came here. 12. It be ... before ... 该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为＂．．．之后．．．＂。 It was 3 days before he went to It will be not long before he finishes his job. 13. It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that... 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen , seem等词是不及物动词． It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧．． It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来．．． 14. It takes sb. ... to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 15. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. 16. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ... 该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为 ＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。 It doesn’t matter if they are old. 17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good （好心的）, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice（有教养的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：① important, necessary, natural ② easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等。 在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party 19. It looks ( seems ) as if ... 该句型中it无意义。 as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，＂看起来好象．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气． It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了） It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病） It seemed as if he were dying. 20. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。 6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； 1指的是形式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. 1．It + 被动语态 + that… 1)It is widely recognized that extensive deforestation contributed to heavy summer flooding. （众所周知） 2)It is reported that 800000 applicants sat for the National Master’s Entrance Test in 2003. （据报道） 3)It is estimated that two thirds of the cities of our country will be in acute shortage of fresh water by 2010. （据估计） 4)It is generally accepted that to practice euthanasia on a patient who is still alive is inhuman. （人们普遍认为） 5)It must be admitted that the price war will disturb the normal order of the market. (必须承认) 6)It cannot be denied that the overgrowth of tourism may destroy the ecological balance of some scenic resorts. （不可否认） 7)It is known to all that physical exercises can improve and enrich our physical and mental well-being. （众所周知） 8)It goes without saying that our actual knowledge of natural laws is still imperfect and limited. （毫无疑问） 2．It is + 形容词 + to do sth / that… 1)It is obvious /evident /clear /apparent that the situation is caused directly by excessive commercial fishing. （很显然） 2)It is understandable (inevitable) that people’s attitudes are divergent on this controversial issue. （可以理解/不可避免的是） 3)It is unimaginable (incredible/unbelievable) that such a boy of 17 should have had three novels published. （难以置信的是） 4)It is imperative that something urgent be done to combat the widespread use of illegal drugs among teenagers. （…是很有必要的） 5)It is upsetting to find people who behave differently from us. We may, at first, assume that something is wrong with them. （…是令人恼火的） 6)It is impossible to concentrate if you are tense or nervous.（…是不可能的） 7)It is highly necessary for our government to stop the corruption of government officials.（某人很有必要做某事） 英语中it 一词结构看似简单，但其词义广泛，使用范围很广，常令一些初学者感到头痛。It用法及其句型和固定搭配，是英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年考试的热点,在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点，其考查方式多通过“单项填空”进行，偶尔也出现在“短文改错”和“完形填空”中。因此在复习中应给予足够的重视。下面笔者就it的用法简单归纳如下。 一、 代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。 1) －Who is the baby? －It‘s my teacher’s son． 2) －Who is that gentleman? －It's my friend Tom．He(不可用It) wants to see you． 不定代词one 指代前文提到的同类事物之一，而 it 特指上文中提到的同一事物。试对比： This pair of shoes is small. May I have another one？（泛指的另一双） 这又鞋子太小了，再拿一双给我看看好吗 My pen is missing.Ican’td find it. 我的钢笔丢了找不到了(it指my pen) 二. it 作为无人称动词的主语，表示天气 ，时间，距离，环境情况等等。这时的it 不指某个具体的东西。没有明确的含义。译成汉语可不必译出来。如 1).It‘s half an hour’s walk from here to our school． 从这儿到我们学校是步行一个小时的路程 2) It‘s nice and warm here． 这里非常暖和 3) But it's two o'clock now, and it's time for us to go to school． 两点了该是上学的时间了 4) It’s quite close in the room . Let’s open the window for a while。 房间里太闷，把窗子打开一会儿吧。 三.“It” 可以代替指示代记词This ,that . 例：---Whose dictionary is that ?---It is mine 四,用作形式主语或形式宾语。 1. 当作主语的不定式、－ing短语或从句太长时，往往用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语移至句末， 以避免句子头重脚轻。it作形式主语的常见句型： ★it替代动词不定式作主语的常见句型为: 1) It is necessary /important /possible/easy…..for sb to do…. 如:It is necessany to learn a foreign lanuage.学一门外语是有必要的。 It is kind /foolish/polite/brave/careless…of sb to do.常用形容词有:clever/wise/bright/silly/foolish/stupid/kind/cruel/right/wrong等如: It is kind of you to help me=You are kind to help 3)It is up to sb to do sth.该由某人做某事如:It is up to you to decide.由你来决定. 4)It is (not)like sb to do sth.做某事是(不)是某人的行为.如:It was not like you to have said such rude words. 说出这样粗鲁的话不像你的行为. 5)It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事.如;It is your turn to speak 轮到你发言了. 6) It takes time to do sth .如:It took me an hour to finish reading the novel.读完这本小说花了我一个小时 ★It替代动名词作主语的常见句型： It’s no good/use doing… 如:It’s no use / good crying over spilt milk．覆水难收 It’s (well)worth (one’s )while doing/to dosth. It’s worth（your）while to learn english。学英语是值得的. ★It替代主语从句常见句型: 1） It is a pity (a shame ,a fact ,a wonder ,a good thing ,good news etc)that……例如： It is a shame that he didn’t pass the exam. 很遗憾他没有通过考试。 2） It is strange(natural surprising obvious true good wonderful possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,quite clear.certain ,etc) that… 。例如： It was quite clear that they had no disire for peace. 很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。 3） It seems (happened ,turned out, occurred to sb etc.)that…例如： It seemed that things were not as they expected. 看起来情况并不像他们所想象的那样。 4） It is said (reported ,decided ,expected ,arranged ,rumoured ,etc)that …例如： It is said that the tickets have been sold out . 据说票已售完。 5) It is time that 从句（谓语用过去时） It is time that he went to school.他本该去上学了. 6)It seems/appears/sounds/looksas if…….似乎/听起来/看起来…. It seems as if it is going to rain.仿佛要下雨了. 2当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、－ing短语或从句，往往用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末，以使句子重心后移。 Do you think it a good habit to read in bed? 你认为在床上看书的习惯吗？ We find it difficult to learn English well in such a short time． 我们认为很难在这如此短的时间内学好英语 I will leave it to you to buy the ticket. 我要把买票的事委托给你 We think it no use crying over spilt milk． 我认为木已成舟哭也没用。 You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了，他们会支持你的。 They will answer for it that the computer is reliable. 他们愿意保证这台电脑是可靠的。 We made it clear when and where we were going to have the meeting． 我们宣布了何时何地要举行会议。 I tookit for granted that you would stay with us . 我信以为真你要和我们呆在一起. 五.It用于强调结构：it没有具体意义，可强调谓语动词外的成分。其基本句型为： It+be+被强调部分+that(who)+其它……。 ★强调主语： 主语是人，一般用who （也可用that ）.其他情况用that.。强调主语用主格；who或that后面的句子中谓语动词与被强调的主语在数和人称上应保持一致。例如： It is I who (that) am to blame 应付责任的是我。 It was you who didn’t keep your promise。 是你不遵守诺言 It was long overwork that made them get tired. 长期超负荷的劳动使他们疲被倦不堪。 ★强调宾语：当宾语是指人的名词或代词时、强调句中的连接词用whom或that，其他情况用that。如： It is you that we have been wanting to visit. 我们一直想去访问的是你。 ★强调状语：被强调的状语可以是时间状语或地点状语，原因状语。强调句中的连接词只用that例如： It was at that time that I thought of giring him a call. 直到那时我才想起要给他一个电话。 It was in the zoo that they saw the elephants. 他们是在动物园见的大象。 在运用it引导的强调句时，要注意以下几点： 1） 强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数，例如： It was yesterday that I met your father in the street． 2）不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词。例如： It was in the street that I met your father yesterday． 3）被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。例如： It was your father that/whom I met in the street yesterday． It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday 4）强调句中 也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。例如： It is they who are our friends． 5）not …untill…句型的强调形式为It is/was not untill that 例如: It was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night． 6)as since because 均可引导原因状语从句,但是强调句型中只可以强调because从句例如: It was because he was ill that he didn’t come here. 7)注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is was…that…为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强,调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。 比较： 1) It was ten o'clock when we got home last night．我们昨晚到家时已十点了。 2) It was at ten o'clock that we got home last night．我们昨晚是在十点到家的。 3) It was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night． 8)强调句型的一般疑问句形式为: “Is/was＋it+被强调部分＋that/who/whom+其它? 其特殊疑问句形式为:Wh-疑问词/How+is/was+it+that” +其它? what is it that you want to say ？ who was it that came here this morning！ 六 .It is /was /will be long /not long /many years/howrs/a few minutes before…表示 …去….就 /才“或”不多久就… 例： It was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the Austrian soldiers from their homeland. It is …since 从句意思是；“自从。。。。以来已经多久了”。如果since从句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词，那么就表示该动作的开始，如果从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词或表示求态的动词，则指动作或求态的结束。 就学生而言：It is nearly 12 years since I became a stndent. 就老师而言：It is nearly 12 years since I was a stndent. It’s the first/second/third time that+主语+ have/has+done/been… 主语第几次…(it 也可换成this that today等)如: It’s the first time that I have come here.我第一次到这儿. 七、it 用于某些句语中，it 常用作某些动词的含糊宾语。例如： That’s it.对了. I can’t help it.=It can’t be helped.我无能为力. It’s the same with sb.某人的情况也是一样. Get with it ! 振作精神！ Keep at it ! 坚持下去！ Go it while you aire young. 趁你还年轻就努力干吧。 make it 规定时间，做到,成功。 Foot it 步行去 As it is/was 事实上。 Fight it ont 决一雌雄 keep at it 别松劲 Catch it 冒险，碰运气 Leg it 逃走 Brave it 敢干，抵抗 He thinks he is it .他自以为了不起。 Why ,among scientists,he is it.嗨，在科学家中他最出色。 巩固练习 1Was it during the Second World War ____ he died？(NMET88) A．that B．While C．in which D．Then 2．Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship？(NMET88) A．now B．that C．it D．Man 3.I don't think ___ possible to master a foreign language without much momory work．(NMET90) A．This B．that C．its D．It . 4. Does ___matter if he can’t finish the job on time?(NMET91) A. This B.That C.He D.It 5.It was not ___she took off her dark glasses___Irealiced she was a famous film star. (NMET91) A.When ,that B.Until,that C.Until.when D.When,then 6.It worried her a bit ___her hair was turning grey. ([NMET92] A. Whit B.That C.If D.For 7.---What was the party line? ---Wonderful. It’s years___Ienjoyed myself to much.( NMET 93) A. After B.Before C.when D.Since 8.Tom,s mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but___didn,t help. ,( NMET 93) A. He B. Which C. She D. It 9.__is a fact that English is being accepted as an international langnage. (NMET 94) A. There B.This C. That D. It 10..It was about 600 years ago ___ the first clock with face and an hour hand w was made (NMET97) A．That B．Until C．before D．when 11.______computers play such an important part in our daily life? A.Why is it that B.Why it is that C.Why was it that D.Why is it 12. It was only when I reread his poems recently ___ I began to appreciate their beauty．(NMET98) A．until B．that C．then D．so 13.,I hate____when people talk with their mouths full．,(NMET98) A it B．that C．these D．them 14．Onford,as we know___,is one the best unirersities in the world. A. that B.it c.this D.不填. 15.It was the third time I____to that city. A.have been B had been C.came D. Was . 16.When was it____you arrived in A.that B.at which C.before D. Since. 17.It was____I met Mr.Green in A. ten years since B.five years C.two months when D. many years ago that 18.Jack is ill, have you heard about____? A. that B. this C.it D.which 19___who suggested that he____to A.It was her …went B. It was her …go C. It was she …went D.It was she …go 20___has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules. A . As. B.It C.That D. This 2.C.此处it代替不定式to fly 3.D it做形式宾语代替to master 4.D.it 表示某种情况 5.B.此处考察It is not untill that 句型 6.B.It代表that从句 7.D该题为情景对话.题意为我好长时间没有玩得如此愉快了. 8.D.It 代替Tom’smother…….harder这件事 9.D.It 代表that从句 10.A. It was that 为强调句型 12.B.该题为强调句型强调when引导的状语从句 13.A.It代替when从句该句型的特点为:I hate/like/dislike /love+it+when从句. 14.D.as we know是插入语.是非限定性定语从句 15.B.该句型后半部分常用完成时态.前如果it is后用现在完成时前如果是it was后用过去完成时. 16.A. 该题为强调句型的特殊疑问式形式 17D. It was that 为强调句型入选A后应为过去完成时态BC两答案ten years/two months 为一段时间不可和met连用 18.C.it 代替Jzck is ill这件事. 19.D.该题考察强调句型强调主语用主格.同时考察suggest that后动词用(should)+do. 20.A.AS引导非限定性定语从句代表Gramma ris not a set of dead rules这一点.如用it后需有that. （1）It is＋名词十从句： It is a fact that…事实是…… It is a question that………是个问题 It is good news that………是好消息 it is common knowledge………是常识 (2) It is＋过去分词十从句： It is said that…据说…… It must be pointed out that…必须指出…… It is asserted that…有人主张…… It is supposed that…据推测…… It is believed that…据信…… It must be admitted that…必须承认…… It is reported that…据报道…… It will be seen from ii that…由此可见…… It has been proved that…已证明…… It is general1y considered that…人们普遍认为…… （3）It is＋形容词十从句： It is necessary that…有必要…… It is likely that…很可能…… It is clear that…很清楚…… It is important that…重要的是…… (4) It＋不及物动词十从句： It follows that…由此可见…… It happens that…碰巧…… It turned out that…结果是…… 第二，注意英语被动句的翻译。英文的被动句经常用汉语主动句表达，如：You are requested to give a performance 英文的被动句译成汉语的主动句：请你给我们表演一个节目。英文中被动意义也可以用汉语中含有主动意义的句子来表达。常译成“被”、“由”、“受”、“为…所”等等。例如：What is feared as failure in American society is，above all，loneliness.（在美国社会中作为失败而为人们所恐惧的，莫过于孤独了。） 第三，注意长句的翻译。首先不要被长句吓住，即使是很长的句子，也是由最基本的成分组成。分析句子的基本成分，主语、谓语、宾语、状语。抓住主干部分，然后逐次分析各词意思以及相互间的逻辑、语法关系，再进行翻译。值得注意的是关系分句的翻译。关系分句主要功能是作名词（词组）的后置修饰语（即定语），但除作名词修饰语外，关系分句还可起其他作用，比如起状语分句和并列分句的作用，因此译成汉语时要注意，限定性关系分句翻译时因为英文置于名词后，汉语则将其置于先行项（antecedent）的前边，使其译成带有“的”字的定语句子，如：I want a wife who will work and send me to school.（我想要个既能工作又能送我上学的老婆）。有的句子过长，前置会显得累赘，或不符合汉语的习惯，这样我们翻译时将从句后置，把它翻译成跟主句平行的并列句。如：I want a wife who will not trouble me with a wifes duties but a1ways listens to me.（我想要个老婆，她不会以妻子的义务来打搅我，而是始终听命于我。） 非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之间有比较松散的关系。就其意义上来说，在句子中有时相当于二个并列分句，有时在语义上起状语分句的作用，翻译时可将其后置译成并列句，例如： The sun warms the earth， which makes it possible for plants to grow.（太阳温暖了大地，这才使植物有可能生长。）也可以完全脱离主句，译成独立句。如：She was very patient towards the children， which her husband seldom was.（她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。） Exercises： Put the following into Chinese: ①It is reported that they have found another star. ②It happens that I have my check-book with me. ③It is likely that he will succeed. ④It is a question that we arrive before l0 oclock. ⑤She was advised to take the medicine。 ⑥she told me that a big reservoir was being built in her hometown. ⑦Ill never forget the day when l came to the University. ⑧Yesterday I saw a wonderful film， which was about World War II. Key to the exercises： ①据报道，他们又发现了一颗星。 ②碰巧我带着支票簿。 ③很可能他将成功。 ④我们必须十点钟前到达是个问题。 ⑤她被劝告吃药。 ⑤她告诉我她的家乡正在建造一个大型水库。 ⑦我将永远不会忘记我来这所大学的那一天。 ⑧昨晚我看了一部精彩的电影，是关于二次世界大战的。 1．It is said（reported，learned．．．）that．．． 该句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉……）”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing．据说他已经到北京了。 2．It is．．．since．．． 该句型主要用作处理非延续性动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是非延续性动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is（has been）5 years since his father died．他父亲去世已经5年了。 3．It happens（seems，looks，appears）that．．． 该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened that he met his teacher in the street．碰巧他在街上遇见了老师。 It seems that he will be back in a few days．看来他几天后就会回来了。 4．It takes sb．some time to do sth． 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，常译为“做……要花费某人……时间”。 It took thousands of people and many years to build the Great Wall．成千上万的人用了许多年的时间才建起了长城。 5．It is kind（of sb．）to do sth． 该句型中的不定式短语是真正的主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引出的，句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：bad，brave，careless，clever，foolish，good（好心的），honest，horrible，kind，lazy，naughty，nice（有教养的），polite，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以改写为：sb．is kind to do sth． It is kind of you to say so．你这样说真是太好了。 （＝You are kind to say so．） 6．It is necessary（for sb．）to do sth． 该句型与第5点同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起的，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：① important，necessary，natural②easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，rare，impossible，pleasant等。 在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如： It is important for her to come to the party．＝It is important that she（should）come to the party． 7．It looks（seems）as if．．． 该句型中it无意义。as if引导一个状语从句。常译为，“看起来好像……”如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。 It looks as if he is ill．（真的病了） It looks as if he were ill．（没有生病） 8．We think it important to learn a foreign language． 该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构。 6指主句中常用的动词：think，believe，make，find，consider，feel； 1指的是形式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，V-ing短语或that引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day． He felt it important to learn English well． They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days． “ It is …… ”句型可分为四类： 第一类即“ It is （has been）+ 一段时间 +since ” 这种类型又可分两种： 1. “ It is （has been）+ 一段时间 +since+ 主语 + 终止性谓语动词”。 如果 since 从句中的谓语动词为终止性动词，则表示自从这个动作发生以来到现在有多长时间了。如： It is （has been） three years since he joined the army. 他参军已经三年了。 It is （has been） ten years since Tom came to China. 汤姆来中国已经十年了。 上两句中 join ， come 都是终止性动词，所以表示的都是动作发生以来有多长时间了。 2. “ It is （has been） + 一段时间 +since+ 主语 + 延续性谓语动词（或表状态的系动词）”。 since 从句中的谓语如果是延续性动词或表状态的系动词，则表示这个动作或状态结束以来有多长时间了。如： It is （has been） two months since he worked here. 他两个月前在这儿工作。（即他不在这儿工作已经两个月了） = He worked here two months ago. It is （has been） five years since she wasn't a teacher. 她已退休五年了。（即她五年前就退休了） 第二类即“ It is （was， will be， not） + 一段时间 +before ” 这类句型可以是肯定句，也可以是否定句，前后谓语动词的时态是相对应的。如： It was a long time before he came back. 过了很久他才回来。 It will be soon before he comes back. 很快他就会回来了（主句是将来时， before 从句中用一般现在时代替将来时） 这类句型一般译成“过……才……”或“不久……就……”，需注意的是前后的时态要相互照应。 第三类即“ It is （was）+ 时间点 +when ” 第四类即“ It is （was）+ 介词 + 时间 +that ” 不难看出最后一类是强调句型，第三类是定语从句，对于这两类句型，同学们该怎样区别呢？其实如果你明白了什么是强调句型，那么就不难判断了。我们知道强调句型是强调某一成分，如主语、宾语、状语等，而“ It is （was）……that ”只是构成强调句型的一种标志，在整个句子中不做任何成分，也就是说如果去掉它们，句子仍成立。因此，这可以作为我们判断一个句子是否是强调句型的依据。即去掉“ It is （was）……that ”，句子仍成立的话，就是强调句型，否则就属于定语从句。一般强调句型中多强调介词短语，如有介词短语，那多数就是强调句型，否则就是定语从句。如： 1. It is for the third time that John has been late for school. 约翰已经是第三次迟到了。（强调句型） 2. It is the third time when John has been late for school. 这是约翰第三次迟到。（定语从句） 这两种句型如果变为反意疑问句，其反意疑问部分的形式是不同的，强调句应与 that 从句的主谓语一致，而定语从句则与主句的主谓语相一致。所以句 1 应是： hasn't he？ 而句 2 应是： isn't it？ 又如： It was in 1998 that Mary came to China， didn't she？ 玛丽是在 1998 年来到中国的，对吗？ It was 1988 when Mary came to China， wasn't it？ 玛丽来到中国时是 1988 年，对吗？ 综上所述，要想选对连词，首先要判断该句型属于上述哪一类型。一般情况下，第一类句型常见时态只有两种，即一般现在时或现在完成时，即“ It is …… ”或“ It has been…… ”。第二类句型的时态较灵活，这叙述过去的情况就用过去时，即“ It was ……before ”，叙述将来的情况就用将来时，即“ It will be ……before； It may be ……before ”。第三类句型即为定语从句，它的主语并非都是 it ，也可以是 this 或 that .第四类为强调句型，只能是“ It is ……that ”或“ It was……that ”。这样你理解了各类句型的真正含义，就不难把握“ It is…… ”句型了。 |
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