1.词汇选项题 例1: 例3: 例4: 例5: 2.阅读判断题 阅读判断题是一种比较新的题型。它考查应试者判断识别文章所提供的信息的能力。考试方式为,给出一篇300~450词的短文,根据短文列出7个句子,有的句子提供了正确的信息,有的句子提供了错误的信息,有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及,要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 与传统正误判断题的做法不同的是,该题型增加了一个选项,这样就降低了猜测的因素,增加了题目的难度,提高了题目的区分度。上面讲到,这种题型的考点是考查应试者判断识别文章所提供的信息的能力。但注意这里所指的“信息”,既有文章中明示的信息,也有藏在字里行间中的信息,即隐含信息,因此,考生在做这部分题目时,需要仔细阅读。请看下例: Hercules Once
upon a time there was a great Greek hero, Hercules. He was taller and stronger
than anyone you have ever seen. On his shoulder he carried a club and in his
hand he held a bow (弓). He was known as the hero of a hundred adventures.
Hercules served a king. The king was afraid of him. So again and again he sent
him on difficult tasks. One morning the king sent for him and told him to fetch
three golden apples for him from the garden of the Singing Maidens (歌女). But no one knew
where the garden was. So Hercules went
away. He walked the whole day and the next day and the next. He walked for
months before he saw mountains far in the distance one fine morning. One of the
mountains was in the shape of a man, with long, long legs and arms and huge
shoulders and a huge head. He was holding up the sky. Hercules knew it was
Atlas, the Mountain God. So he asked him for help.
Atlas answered, "My head and arms and shoulders all ache. Could you hold
up the sky while I fetch the golden apples for you?"
Hercules climbed the mountain and shouldered the sky. Soon the sky grew very
heavy. When finally Atlas came back with three golden apples, he said,
"Well, you are going to carry the mountain for ever. I'm going to see the
king with the apples." Hercules knew that he couldn't fight him because of
the sky on his back, So he shouted:
"Just one minute's help. My shoulders are hurting, Hold the sky for a
minute while I make a cushion (垫子) for my shoulders."
Atlas believed him. He threw down the apples and held up the sky.
Hercules picked up the apples and ran back to see the king. 1. Hercules was the tallest man in
the world. A.
Right
B.
Wrong
C. Not mentioned 2. Hercules worked in the king's garden. A.
Right
B.
Wrong
C. Not mentioned 3. Hercules was given many difficult
tasks because the king wanted to get rid of him. A.
Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned 4. Atlas was the giant who held up the
sky. A.
Right
B.
Wrong
C. Not mentioned 5. Atlas ran faster than Hercules. A.
Right
B.
Wrong
C. Not mentioned 6. Atlas got the golden apples for
Hercules because he wanted to be the king himself. A.
Right
B.
Wrong
C. Not mentioned 7. Hercules finally managed to get the
apples by defeating Atlas. A. Right
B.
Wrong
C. Not mentioned 这篇短文有300字,属于故事性材料。主人公是古代希腊的一位英雄,名叫Hercules。本文通过Hercules为国王去取金苹果这个情节,叙述了他如何与山神Atlas斗智,最后成功地为国王取回金苹果。为了阐述短文的主题,作者通过一个小故事展开叙述,主要情节有国王害怕Hercules,所以总是给他派难活,并且设置了一个圈套,让他去取金苹果,想借此除掉他。Hercules听从了国王的话,跋山涉水为其寻找金苹果,路遇山神Atlas,Atlas双肩撑天很累,引诱Hercules替其撑天。Hercules因轻信了Atlas的话而上当,但最后还是以智取胜,为国王取回了金苹果。 短文后第一题句子的意思是:在这个世界上,Hercules的个子最高。短文中有这样一句话:He was taller and stronger than anyone you have ever seen.显然,第一题是这句话的翻版,句子不~样,一个用的是比较级,一个用的是最高级,但意思完全一样。所以本句话是正确的。故答案为A。 第二题的意思是说Hercules在国王的花园里工作。阅读短文后我们得知,Hercules侍奉国王,但并未说他到底在哪里工作。题句所说的意思文中找不到,也就是说,短文没有足够的信息来证明他在国王的花园里工作。故答案为选项C。 第三题句子的意思是:国王想除掉Hercules,所以交给他很多艰巨的工作去做。这个信息在短文第二段第二旬和第三旬中提到了,与短文的意思相符(国王很害怕Hercules,多次交给他艰巨的工作去做),由此可以推断第三题的正确选项为A。 第四题句子的意思是:Atlas是个撑天巨人。这句话也是正确的。因为文中有这样一句话:He was holding up the sky.Hercules knew it
was Atlas,the Mountain God.所以本题正确答案为A。 第五题句子的意思是:Atlas比Hercules跑得快。读遍文章,我们没有找到相关信息,很明显,本题答案为选项C。 第六题句子的意思是:Atlas自己想当国王,所以他为Hercules取来了金苹果。这句话与文中叙述的事实不符。文中讲到,Atlas替Hercules取金苹果,是因为他在那里撑天撑得太累了。所以,本题选项B为正确答案。 第七题句子的意思是:Hercules最后打败了Atlas,取到了金苹果。这句话也与文中叙述的事实不符。文中说,Hercules因轻信了Atlas的话而上当,但最后他还是以智取胜,为国王取回了金苹果,而不是通过两人的决斗。所以选项B为本题的正确答案。
3.概括大意与完成句子 概括大意与完成句子这一题型在过去的职称英语等级考试中是分开考的,这次则把这两种题型放到一篇文章中去考。这两种题型均属于阅读理解简答题(Short Answer Questions),与传统阅读理解简答题不同的是,它不需要考生写出问题的答案,而是给出了几个选项,让考生从中选择搭配。 概括大意题主要考查考生归纳段落主题思想的能力,完成句子主要考查考生掌握短文细节内容的能力。这两种题型,基本能够考核各种阅读技能。解答这类题目时,既要学会抓住文章的中心大意,找出关键词,又要能够运用多种阅读技巧,从句子、语篇的层次把握文章的重要事实和细节。请看例题。 The Price of idleness Household devices waste a lot of energy
doing nothing 1 Electrical devices such as CD
players, videos and burglar alarms are consuming more energy in stand-by mode
than when they are actually being used. 2 Maria Sanchez and her colleagues
from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 3 The researchers say that while
electronic devices are lying dormant (休眠状态), running their clocks, maintaining internal memories or displaying
their settings, they consume around 40 terawatt hours of electricity in the US
every year -- enough to power a city such as Chicago or London. Many machines'
use almost as much power on stand-by as when working. For example, it takes 15
watts to play a typical CD, but an average of 11 watts to keep it on stand-by.
Satellite TV systems use 14 watts when active and 14 watts on stand-by. Given
the long hours these systems spend idling, each uses far more power in stand-by
mode than when actually working. 4 Bad design is largely to blame, says
Sanchez. In a separate survey of CD players last year, her colleague Wolfgang
Huber found that two machines with similar features used 28 watts and 2 watts
respectively on stand-by. "For most products, we believe that stand-by
power can be reduced to one watt or less," says Sanchez. 5 She backs proposals to set up a
national labeling system to promote machines that meet this standard. Such a
system could reduce stand-by power consumption in the A Factor Leading to Energy Waste B Home Appliances C Proposals to Cut Energy
Consumption D Energy Consumption Test F Nonessential Electricity Use 2 Paragraph 3 ____________ 3 Paragraph 4 ____________ 4 Paragraph 5 ____________ A Factor Leading
to Energy Waste B Home Appliances C Proposals to Cut
Energy Consumption D Energy
Consumption Test F Nonessential
Electricity Use 5 In the 6 The energy wasted by the
electronic devices in the 7 It is found that power
waste is mainly caused by _____________ 8 Philips started to develop
a device that can greatly reduces _______________ A bad design B the total energy
of the country C power a large
city D the most energy E wasted energy F stand-by power
consumption A bad design B the total energy of the country C power a large city D the most energy E wasted energy F stand-by power consumption 我们先看概括大意。在做概括大意题时,首先要找的是每段的主题句。文章的第一段总领全文,说的是当今一些家电设备,如CD播放机之类,在闲置状态下,会浪费很多的电能。 作者在第二段的一开始就介绍了科学家Maria Sanchez和她的同事做的一个实验,他们检了50多种小家电,看看它们的耗电情况。后面讲的是实验结果等。显然,该段的第一句为主题句,概括了这一段的主要内容。根据这一线索,在选项中,我们发现选项D(“能量消耗试验”)的意思与此相符。因此,选项D为本题的答案。 再看第三段。本段第一句接上一段的内容进一步说明一些电器设备在休眠状态下每天的耗电量。接下来是举例说明。本段第一句同样也是本段的主题句。所给出的几个选项中,哪个选项的意思与这一句话的意思相近呢?显然,选项F(“无谓的耗电”)与本句意思相同,故为正确答案。 文章的第四段进一步阐明导致电能被白白浪费掉的主要原因,作者引用科学家Sanchez的话,认为家电设备设计不合理是一个重要因素。第四段的第一句也是本段的主题句。选项A的意思是“导致电能消耗的因素”,与本段第一句意思相符,故为正确答案。 细心的读者会发现,文章第五段的第一句又是该段的主题句,根据这段中出现的
proposal这个词就不难发现选项C为正确答案。 关于完成句子这部分的解题技巧,我们强调指出的是,应根据要完成的句子的前半部分的信息,回到短文中查找这个句子的出处,然后再仔细阅读每个句子,这样会很容易地找出答案。根据这个办法,我们发现第五题的答案为选项D,第六题的答案为选项C,第七题的答案为选项F,第八题的答案为选项E。 4.补全短文 Home Schooling 这篇文章的主题是,近年来,美国时兴这样一种潮流,很多家长不愿把自己的孩子送到学校念书,而是把他们留在家里亲自教育孩子,给孩子上课。
5.选择填空 本部分为一篇300~450词的短文,文中有15处空白,每处空白给出了4个选项,要求应试者根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案。 表面上来看,选择填空就是要求考生把每个句子中删掉的词给恢复出来。实际上,它考查应试者能否正确把握文章内容的能力,以及对于一定语境中规范的语言成分的掌握。它不仅测试应试者在句子水平上运用语言的能力,它还测试应试者在语篇水平上综合运用语言的能力。因为,选择填空中的填空是与文章的上下文有紧密联系的,不是孤立的、不相关的。因此,要做好选择填空题,必须首先通读整篇文章,弄清文章的大意和逻辑关系,根据空格所在句子的结构、语法、照应关系、语篇的组织结构等信息,通过逻辑推理和语用推理等手段最后确定答案。 下面我们通过一篇短文来具体讲解如何做选择填空题。 请看这篇短文,文中有15处空白,每个空白处有4个选项。请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 Television
Television is the greatest communication medium ever designed and operated by
man. It sends into the human brain an endless amount of opinions and
information
and (1) moral
and artistic standards for all of us. Every minute of a television programme
teaches us something. It is never a neutral (中立的)
(2). For example, how and when public issues
are (3) depends in
large part on how they are treated by the television networks in entertainment -__________
(4) news and public affairs programmes. What
the American people think about government and politics in _________ (5), as
well as a favorite candidate in particular, is largely influenced
by (6).
Unfortunately commercial television
seldom (7) anything
of value to our lives. Many Americans express a deep hostility (敌意)
(8) television because they know most TV programmes
are (9) poor
quality and that sometimes these programmes are even harmful. The
question is: how can television be improved? There are many things the ordinary
__________ (10) can do. For example,
he (11) complain to
his local TV stations about offensive advertising. He
can (12) citizens'
groups to urge local TV stations to improve their
programmes._______ (13), these groups should propose regular
analyses of specific TV commercials and programmes by educators, doctors, etc.
to (14) the
influence of these programmes on children and adults. Television can be our
most exciting medium if we just think
about (15) to
improve it. 1. A
finds
B absorbs C
sets
D mends 2. A consequence
B influence C
result
D purpose 3. A
spoken
B handled C
watched
D noticed 4. A as well
as B
also
C
but
D together 5. A
all
B short
C
general
D name 6. A
entertainment B
news C
progremmes D
television 7. A
damages B
contributes C
hands
D takes 8. A
toward B
in
C
on
D over 9. A
with
B
in
C of
D among 10. A
reader B
participant C
listener
D viewer 11. A
can
B
does
C should
D ought to 12. A
let
B
gather
C organize
D make 13. A As a
result B As a matter of fact C In
contrast
D In addition 14. A
determine B
refuse
C involve
D receive 15. A
tracks B
roads C
ways
D programmes 以下是每道题目的讲解: 1 最佳答案为C。“…sets
moral and artistic standards for all of US.”……给我们制定道德和
艺术标准。set与standards搭配是制定标准的意思。 2 最佳答案为B。此题所在的句子的意思是:电视给我们的从来不是中立的影响。从上 下文来看,influence(影响)最为合适。选项A:consequence的意思是“后果”:.选项C:result的意思是“结果”;选项D:purpose的意思是“目的”。 3 最佳答案为B。从搭配的角度来讲,handled最为合适。…public issues are handled…指
“处理公众问题。” 4 最佳答案为A。此句的意思是:一些公共事物如何处理、何时处理,在很大程度上取决于电视网络在新闻和公众事务以及娱乐节目中如何处理这些事情。as well as表示“以及”。 5 最佳答案为C。下面的搭配都是正确的:in all(总共:总之),in
short(简而言之),in general(总体上;一般地),in name(名义上)。但从上下文来看,in general最合适。 6 最佳答案为D。文章的主题是谈电视,因此在这四个选项中television是最合适的词。 7 最佳答案为B。此句话的意思是:不幸的是,商业电视很少对我们的生活能提供有价 值的东西。contribute常跟to(或towards)搭配。 8 最佳答案为A。a deep
hostility toward television:对电视怀有深深的敌意。hostility常跟toward(或to)搭配。 9 最佳答案为C。…most TV
programmes are of poor quality…大多数的电视节目质量很
差。由of起始的介词词组出现在be类动词之后时,该词组说明主语的性质。因此C为最佳答案。 10 最佳答案为D。viewer有多种意义,其中之一就是“看电视的人”。不用多说,根据上下文,此处D最为合适。 11 最佳答案为A。英文文章较多的写法是从一般到具体。There are many things the ordinary viewer can do.For example,he can complain to his local TV
stations about offensive advertising.(一个看电视的普通人有许多事可做。举例来说,他可以就触犯性广告向当地的电视台提出抗议。) “for example”是论述从一般到具体的一个标记。文章第二段先用in
general,后用in particular,也是这种写法的体现。由于上文用了can,下文自然用can更好些。另外,can此处具有“建议”’的功能,因此比较客气和民主。 12 最佳答案为C。let的填入产生的是语法上错误的句子。9ather有“聚集”的意思。从上下文的意思来看,organize(组织)更为合适。make填入空格,造出的也是一个错句。 13 最佳答案为D。空格(13)和(14)之间的句子说的是:这些小组应该提议,由教育家、医生等人定期对具体的电视商业广告和节目作分析。这是市民小组又一件应做的事。因此,空白处应填in addition (另外)。 14最佳答案为A。由教育家、医生等人定期对具体的电视商业广告和节目作分析的目的 自然是要确定这些节目对儿童和成年人的影响。因此,determine(确定)是最合适的选择。 15 最佳答案为C。ways to improve
it指“改进电视的方法”。其他的搭配均不妥。四个选项中,只有选项C:ways有方法的意思。选项A:tracks的意思是轨迹;选项B:roads的意思是道路;选项D:programmes的意思是节目。
|
|
来自: 昵称12197590 > 《待分类1》