倒装句型考点简析
作者：江苏如皋市薛窑中学 孙益民 江苏如皋市一中 李大忠 发布时间：2012年02月02日-20:14 本文来源于：高中生
江苏如皋市薛窑中学 孙益民 江苏如皋市一中 李大忠
倒装句型是中学英语课本中重要语法项目之一，也是历年来高考的重要考点。本文结合实例将这一句型结构分析如下，以帮助同学们学习和掌握这一语法重点。
一、 副词或介词短语引起的倒装
1.由表示地点的副词或介词短语引起的完全倒装。如：
On the wall hang two large portraits.
Be quick! Here comes the bus.
分析：当句首为out, in, up, down, away, off, here, there, now, then等表示方向的副词或表示地点的介词，且句中主语为名词时，句子要采用完全倒装形式，即将句中的谓语动词调置主语之前。注：在这一句式中，如果句子的主语为代词，主谓语序则不倒装。如：
In the armchair she sat. / Look! There they come.
2.由否定副词或半否定副词引起的部分倒装。如：
I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life had I felt so happy.
Not a single song did she sing at yesterday's party.
分析：当否定副词或半否定副词not, never, little, seldom, hardly, scarcely, barely等位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，即将句中的助动词调置主语（无论是名词还是代词）之前。无助动词，必须加上助动词do, does, did。
3.由副词only引起的部分倒装。如：
Only by a taxi can you arrive there on time.
Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
分析：由副词only 引起的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，要将助动词调置主语之前，构成部分倒装形式。注：当only位于句首，强调主语时，主谓语序不倒装。如：
Only the people present can prove it.
二、 并列分句结构中的倒装
1.由并列连词not only...but also..., neither...nor引起的部分倒装。如：
Not only was the city polluted but the streets were crowded.
Neither did he call me, nor did he come to see me.
分析：当not only...but also连接两个并列分句时，not only连接的分句要用部分倒装形式，but also连接的分句用正常语序。而neither...nor连接的两个并列分句时，两个分句都要用部分倒装形式。注：当not only...but also...,neither...nor连接两个并列主语时，不用倒装语序，且谓语动词就近一致。如：
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.
Neither I nor Helen likes milk.
2.由并列连词和引起的部分倒装。如：
---I like swimming in winter.
---So do I.
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brothers?
---I don't know, and nor do I care.
分析：当so（用于肯定句），neither（用于否定句）表示“也”，放于句首，说明前一分句所讲情况也适合于后一分句的另一个人或物时，常用部分倒装形式。其谓语动词结构应与前一分句谓语动词的时态、形式相一致。这时，可用too（表肯定），either（表否定），构成陈述结构；也可用（and）so it is / was with sb / sth或(and) it is /was the same with sb/sth“某人或某物也是如此”（既可表示肯定，也可表示否定），构成并列结构。如：
My wife is an English teacher, and so am I.
My wife is an English teacher, and I'm , too.
My wife is an English teacher, and so it is with me / and it is the same with me.
Mike didn't pass the last exam, and neither did Joan.
Mike didn't pass the last exam, and Joan didn't, either.
Mike didn't pass the last exam, and so it was with Joan / and it was the same with Joan.
注：当so 放于句首，不是表示前一分句所说情况也适合于后一分句另一个人或物，而是重复上文内容或对前面所说情况表示肯定时，so引导的分句不用倒装。如：
---It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.
---My God! So I did.
如果前一分句中包含不同种类的动词，而后一分句所说情况也符合前文所说情况（无论是肯定还是否定），都可用句型it is / was the same with sb / sth 或so it is / was with sb / sth 如：
Jack is a student and studies at No.1 Middle School. So it is with Green / It is the same with Green.
当 so和neither 用于条件状语从句中，位于主句句首，表示从句中所说情况也适合于主句所说情况时，主句要用部分倒装形式。但从句谓语动词用一般时态，主句用将来时。如：
If you don't go, neither will I.
If she stays here this evening , so will her brother.
三、 复合句型结构中的倒装
1.时间状语从句中的部分倒装。如：
Not until all the fish died in the river, did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
Hardly had he got into the room, when the telephone rang.
分析：当not until...“直到……才”引导的时间状语从句放于句首时，主句要用部分倒装形式，从句用正常语序。而 hardly (scarcely)...when..., no sooner...than...“一……就……”引导的时间状语从句，前句用部分倒装形式，后句不倒装。
2.结果状语从句中的部分倒装。如：
So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
Such a nice man did he seem that we all believed him.
分析：在so (such)...that...“如此……以致……”引导的结果状语从句中，当so (such)放于句首时，主句用部分倒装形式。
3.让步状语从句中的部分倒装。如：
Clever as he is, he doesn't study well.
However late he is, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
分析：在由as (though) “尽管”或however (no matter how)“无论怎样”等引导的让步状语从句中，常将从句中的表语、动词或副词状语提至句首，但助动词不可前置。
注：如果表语为单数可数名词，在采用倒装形式时，不定冠词必须去掉。如：
Great scientist as he is, he remains modest. (Though / Although he is a great scientist, he remains modest.)
4. if 引导的虚拟条件状语从句中的部分倒装。如：
Had it not been for the free tickets, I wouldn't have gone to the films so often.
Should it rain tomorrow , we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu bridge.
分析：在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句中的谓语动词含有were, had, should等助动词时，可将连词if去掉，从句采用部分倒装形式。
|
