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高考英语单项填空命题案例研究6

 许愿真 2014-05-24

 高考英语单项填空命题案例研究6

2004-2012年辽宁卷·21-35

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

邓北平

 

(接上期)

六、辨析题

26. Rod loves      clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.

A. taking apart                   B. giving away     四向   

C. making up                    D. turning off

28. If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get       for me?

A. one          B. such         C. this          D. that  词义+词用

北平简论:理论上来讲,辨析可以分为词形辨析(中学段考查较少,需要一定量的词汇基础,高考动词短语辨析亦不乏词形比较的影子)、词义辨析与词用(含词法)辨析三类。从目今高考英语试题单项填空的命制形式来看,选项形式一致的可大体归为辨析类试题(参见拙文《2005年高考英语试题国卷地卷分论》),而选项形式不一致的,则为语法试题,因为语法的核心是形变,包括内在的形式变化与外在的形式(词汇、结构、句式等)变化。若从词性上分类,一般主要考查动词(含短语),余为名词、代词、形容词、副词等。

附历年辽宁卷词义辨析题:

动词短语题块6例)

1The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to         our studies.  2004辽宁卷,32 

       Aget down to  Bget out   Cget back for                  Dget over

,2The computer system            suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. 2006辽宁卷,22  配选
A. broke down   B. broke out   C. broke up   D. broke in

3 Don’t be_______ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly

       Ataken off    Btaken out  2007辽宁卷,31

       Ctaken away  Dtaken in

4Thousands of people       to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland. 2010辽宁卷,28   A. turned on  B. turned in  C. turned around  D. turned out

5The exam results will be       on Friday afternoon.2011辽宁卷,26

     A. put down      B. put off       C. put up     D. put away

北平简评:观察辽宁卷历年来的动词短语辨析,大体有几个特点。

第一、选项结构形式为主动词+介词或副词。第二、选项配置以形似为主,选项中四个主动词一致(例1-5)。2012年有所改变,选项中四个主动词不一致,因此,符合文意是对词义差异的最好甄别。第三,选项比较以词义辨析为主。第四,题干单句、复句并存。但无论选择单句还是复句,所提供的信息必须有效,即能启发或干扰考生的判断。从实际表现来看,例3、例4和例5题干过于简单,答案就易于判定。例1、例2201226小题则较为复杂,提供的信息依据需要考生有所咀嚼。在某种意义上讲,咀嚼恰好说明题干信息与选项信息的对接需要考生对文意的精确把握。

动词题块5例)

1John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been         by a heavy storm. 2004辽宁卷,33  同向但不同义。与AB亦不一致。

           Akept            Bstopped               Cslowed             Ddelayed

2You have to be a fairly good speaker to ______ listeners’ interest for over an hour. 2008辽宁卷,25

A. hold            B. make        C. improve    D. receive

3The new movie         to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. 211

A. promises  B. agrees  C. pretends    D. declines  2010辽宁卷,32

4What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You’re      to be asleep. 2011辽宁卷,22 

 A. supposed   B. known    C. thought    D. considered

5You are old enough to      your own living. 2011辽宁卷,24)搭配

    A. win     B. gain        C. take        D. earn

北平简评:目前词义辨析试题的词义已不再是同义、近义之间的比较,更多地包括了反义、特别是语境词义(文中词义)的比较。即题干所形成的小语境对选项词义作出限制,而选项之间的词义可以千差万别,选项对文意发展的方向也是千差万别的。因此,最适合文意的方向才是正确的选项。辽宁卷开始小心翼翼地走这个路子。请参考拙文《高考英语词义辨析的文化习惯》。

代词题块6例)兼论代词的词义辨析与词用辨析的辨析

北平简论:代词更多的体现为语法特征,属于语法词汇。因此,在辨析试题中,以词用辨析为主,词义辨析较少,亦有少量介于词义与词用辨析之间的试题。讲、评、学、考之际应该善加区别代词的语法特征与语义特征。沿此展开,代词、连词、介词、冠词、某些结构副词,情态动词、助动词等由于更多地表现为语法特征,因此,它们又皆可以归类为语法词汇,而考查则侧重词用辨析。

1I have done much of the work. Could you please finish         in two days? 2004辽宁卷,24

       Athe rest       Bthe other    Canother  Dthe others 词义+词用

2The information on the Internet gets  around much more rapidly than ______ in the newspaper2007辽宁卷,27

    Ait    Bthose    Cone    Dthat 词用

3—Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street? 2008辽宁卷,26

—Victoria Street? ______ is where the Grand Theatre is. 词用

A. Such              B. There        C. That   D. This

4             is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. 2009辽宁卷,28

A. Such     B. This     C. That     D. So 词用:

5The fact that she was foreign made           difficult for her to get a job in that country. 2010辽宁卷,33

A. so          B. much       D. that     D. it 词用

6— Would you like tea or coffee?

     , thank you. I’ve just had some water. 2011辽宁卷,27

 A. Either       B. Both    C. Any     D. Neither词义

北平简评:辽宁卷以考察代词的词用辨析为主体。亦有偏于词义辨析的(例6),而例1则在词义与词用之间。

名词题块:

1 The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _________ all over the country. 2005辽宁卷,27)四向

         Acompanies      Bbranches            Corganizations     Dbusinesses

2School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous          . 2006辽宁卷,32
A. states   B. conditions  
 C. situations   D. positions 同向不同义,且受汉译影响。

3Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ________ of exercise2007辽宁卷,25112模式,词义干扰,但决于词用。

       A1imit    B1ack  Cneed    Ddemand

北平简评:从代词的英文(pronoun)可知代词实为代名词,所

以代词的译法难说精确。从辨析的角度看,名词、代词在词用与

词义方面都有比较。辽宁卷有所表现,但未形成特点。

 

 

 

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