备战高考 短文改错类型统计
张奎
近六年NMET短文改错设疑方式:(全国卷Ⅰ/Ⅱ的分析)
设疑方式 2001年 2002年
2003年 2004年 2005年 2006年
正确
1
1
1
1
1
1
多词
2
2
2
1
2
1
缺词
1
2
1
1
1
1
错词
6
5
6
7
6
7
从上表可以看出,近6年的短文改错设疑方式基本稳定,通常有四种:正确、多词、缺词、错词,而错词居多。一般情况下,错词5-7个,多词1-2个,少词1-2个,正确1个。
一、正确
主要考查考生判断语句正确与否的能力,一篇短文改错有,且只有一题正确的,不可能没有,也不可能多于一题。如果该行本身不错,而考生却将其修改,虽然修改后句子正确,但仍不得分,因为未能判断该行正确与否。做短文改错的重要原则之一就是不能改变短文的原义。
二、多词
多词主要考查冠词、介词、连词、助动词、不定式符号to、词义重复、固定搭配以及行文逻辑等方面。
请同学们指出下面几句错在哪里?
1.He went there by the bike.
2.He was made the monitor of our class.
3.What a great progress he has made!
4. He likes skating in the winter.
5. It's such an important in formation that we should report it to
the headmaster at once.
6. When I'm free,I go for a long walk. Some people read the books
or watch TV while others play sports.
7. We are going hiking on next Sunday.
8. Though I like looking after my sister's baby,but my sister
doesn't let me do it.
(1.去掉the 2. 去掉the 3. 去掉 a 4.
去掉the 5. 去掉 an 6.
去掉 the 7. 去掉on 8去掉
but)
类似这种多词的现象还有很多:请看下面这些句子:
A. [06全国]They did not want breakfast because that they were
going out early in the morning.
B. [ 06浙江]Since you have visited Greece several times, so I
would like to know whether you have seen the old buildings
here.
(A. 去掉that B. 去掉so)
三、缺词
缺词考查内容与多词差不多,主要考查冠词(名词前)、介词(不及物动词后或固定结构中)、助动词、be动词、不定式符号to、连词、语义不完整等方面。
我们先以2000年高考题为例
The day before the speech contest ∧ English teacher 76. my
(NMET 2000)
English
teacher前应有限定词,根据上下文的内容"English"之前应加上物主代词"my"。
我们再来看下2006浙江卷
I’m writing to ask you come to our class for a visit. (NMET
2006浙江)
ask sb. to do sth. 因此在you 后加to
四、错词
错词考查较为复杂,所占比例最大,涉及内容广泛,包括各种易错词法、句法等语法现象。常考内容有冠词、名词单复数、介词、连词、助动词、动词时态、过去分词与现在分词、形容词与副词、词语辨析、主谓一致、逻辑一致、人称一致等等。
我们这里先举几个例子
(1)名词单复数的一致,例如:
so that'll get good marks in all my subject. We
(NMET2001)
subject改成 subjects
(2)动词的时态和非谓语动词的形式
since the scenery was so beautiful. The time pass quickly.
(NMET2002)
pass 改成passed
(3)连词的误用
the crowd. She was smiling but nodding at me. I
remembered (NMET 2000)
but 改成 and
当然错词的类型还很多,我们应在平时的训练中不断地积累总结。
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