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语法系列复习专题七－动词时态，被动语态
一、一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、
状态、能力等。
2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：
I?ll go there after I finish my work./ If it
rains tomorrow,I won?t go there.
3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There
goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she
comes.她来了。
二、现在进行时
1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for
Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father
is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is
flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the
east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong
to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,
believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。
三、现在完成时
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I
have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.
2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”,
“since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for
six years./ They have worked here since they left college.
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She
has cleaned the room.It?s very clean
now.(此句has
cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It?s…这样的一般现在时。)
2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen
that
film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When
did you see that film? I saw it
yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have
you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.
4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been
to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone
to”.例如：
——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.
——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.
5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,
finish,complete,begin,start,break
out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He
has finished the work for three
hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He
finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been
through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has
been three hours since he finished the work.
四、现在完成进行时
1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He
has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining
for two days.
2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。
五、一般过去时
表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。
六、过去进行时
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。例如：He
was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：They were still working
when I left.
3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I was writing while he was
watching TV.
4.表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next
day.
七、过去完成时
1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：He had shut the door
before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this
morning.
2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：At
the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for
a week when we learned about it.
3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：We
had expected that you would be able to win the match.
八、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式：
1.will/shall
do （侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）
2.be going
to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)
3.be doing
(按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)
4.be about
to do (按计划即将发生)
九、将来完成时
用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We
will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.
时态考点分析
1．——Can I join your club,dad?
——You can when you______a
bit older. (NMET)
A.get B.will
get C.are
getting
D.will have got
析：“You
can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.
2．——Oh,it’s you!I______you.
——I’ve just had my hair cut
and I’m wearing new glasses.
A.didn’t
recognize
B.hadn’t recognized
C.haven’t
recognized
D.don’t recongnize
析：从“Oh,it’s
you!”可知说话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选A.
3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.
(NMET)
A.just
stared B.was
just staring
C.has just
stared D.had
just stared
析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释Jim didn’t see me
这一原因的选项，只有着眼于A、B。若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除A而选B。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。
4.——______my glasses?
——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute
ago. (NMET)
A.Do you
see B.Had you
seen C.Would
you see D.Have you seen
析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。
5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several
times. (NMET)
A.had
met B.have
met
C.met
D.meet
析：答案B。道理同4。
6.——Do you know our town at all?
——No,this is the first time I______here.
A.was B.have
been
C.came D.am
going
析：根据this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done
sth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：This is the second time he has visited
the Great Wall.
7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary
arrives. (NMET)
A.just help
out
B.have just helped
out
C.am just helping
out D.will
just help out
析：根据I don?t really work here.以及…until the
new secretary
arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，C、D两个选项都表将来动作，但D非计划安排，C则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为C。
8.——Is this raincoat yours?
——No,mine______there behind the
door. (NMET)
A.is
hanging B.has
hung
C.hangs
D.hung
析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除。C项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选A是极为合情理的。
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