高考短文改错考点剖析

            高考短文改错考点剖析  

   说明:1 由于格式关系,某些方框不能显示,去除的用 " ( )" 表示

        2 本文中句子只是短文句子截取,要理解句子间逻辑关系,还需仔细阅读全文  

(一) 题型分析:短文改错重点从词法,句法和行文逻辑考查考生在语篇中综合运用 英语力，同时兼顾句型结构,习惯搭配等.浙江省该题通常有三种设题形式:多词,少词和纠错。

(二) .解题方法:  三大必有错误, 四大常见错误总结

必有错误:   ① 时态错误   ② 名词和冠词的错用  ③ 介词的缺,多,错

常见错误:   ① 连词的错用  ② 代词的错用       ③ 平行结构的错用  

            ④ 形容词,副词的错用

注意: ◆必有错误: 十之八九会有的错误  ◆常见错误: 十之五六会有的错误

      ◆短文改错中无单词拼写错误 改错, 改动只涉及到一个词，不能多个

正确把握具体解题步骤:

 第一步: “2个看” 

1看意思. 做短文改错要先理解短文意思,全面把握文章(时态,体裁及内容) ,为正确判断

 和改错奠定基础 

(1) 时态错误（必有错误）,一般每篇改错都有一个时态错误.(掌握整篇文章的总体态)

① 总体时态为过去或现在时态中间夹有另一种时态

(2008陕西) (…there were four tickets on the seat.)Someone has placed …   had

② 单句中的时态错误 (根据句子本身结构判断，特别是要注意句子中的时间状语)

(2007 陕西)   I left school as soon as I can and startedwork               could

(2008天津)   Last winter vacation, some of my classmates decide to….  decided

温馨提示: 高考时态主要考查一般现在时态与一般过去时态之间的改动，也有可能考查现在

          完成时态与过去完成时态之间的has/have 与had 的改动，一般将来时态的will 与

          过去将来时的would, 情态动词can 与could 之间改动

(2) 语态的错用;—看到动词时除了看时态,还要注意语态(主要是be动词的增减,不及物

    动词,不及物动词短语错用成被动语态)

 (2006四川)  We hung a sign on the front door that (was) read: “We…     

 (2010陕西)  It (was) turned out to be her own cup, ….           

 (2008天津)  One day, the school held a party, where I ∧  invited to talk….  was

 温馨提示: 平时注意对不及物动词(vi)的识记,同时注意常见系动词和不及物动词短语

           它们都不能用被动语态. 常见不及物动词短语: come down(下降)=go down

           turn out(证明是,结果是), come out (出版,结果是), give out/run out(用完)

   (2009全国) …..and I was hold up on my way back                      held

(注意这种常见错误:be动词后不能跟动词原形be do,只能是be doing,be done,be to do)   

(3) 冠词的缺,多,错（1—2个） （必有错误）

 ① 冠词的“缺”主要是单数可数名词前缺少a/an ,某些特指名词前缺少the

 (2006四川)  Finally we had ∧ good idea                              a

 (2010海南)   My friend Nick told me∧  story about hisexperience      a         

（2008 全国） Second, I will learn more about∧ history of the Olympics ….    the

② 冠词的“多”主要考查一些固定短语在短,语中无故加入冠词,不可数名词前加上a/an

(2008陕西)  In (the) fact, there were four tickets on the seat

③ 冠词的“错”考查a 与the 区别，及a 与an 的区别（一般是将a改为an）

(2007浙江) I had a interesting dream last night                           an

（2009浙江）....window down and offered us a umbrella because he…..        an

（2010浙江参考样卷）As the high school student, I like to ……              a

 (4) 名词的错用（1—2个）（必有错误）

① 考查可数名词单复数错用

 (2007全国) I looked at his other hands                                   hand

(2009全国) I stayed here for one and a half hour and….                    hours

注意可数名词单复数在one of ….结构中.的错用

（2010全国）Christie was one of my best friend at high school.       friends

(2009浙江) …. while I was walking home with one of my friend,…     friends  

② 不可数名词错用成复数

(2006浙江) Your knowledges of Greece can help the…..               knowledge

(2010重庆) … or can at least give you some advices                  advice 

常考不可数名词: advice (suggestion可数名词)，information(message 可数名词),

           work (job 可数名词), money, weather , fun , knowledge , furniture,

           experience (可数：经历. 不可数: 经验)

(5) 代词的错用(1—2个) (常见错误)

① 人称代词的错用 (主格和宾格错用，及第一，二，三人称之间的错用)

   (2008浙江)  Getting out of the classroom is indeed necessary for we       us

   (2010浙江)   ……”Neither did me.” Said Mother Cheerfully                I

  （2009全国2） We climb everywhere ,not only in America. They have been …  we

②代词单复数指代的错用(主要是they,them与it 及their 与its/his/her之间的改动)

 (2006安徽)   You may keep the books for several weeks so that you can

                have enough time to finish it                          them

（2008安徽）We choose the cheapest biscuits and ate it under a tree.    them

(2009重庆) ..in Chinese food. Here I’d like to tell you something about them  it

③ 反身代词的错用(主要是反身代词与人称代词宾格之间的错用)

(2006全国)   I just smiled to me and thought,                         myself

(2008福建)    When you come , you can stay with ourselves             us

 2 看结构

(1) 连词的错误 (1个) (常见错误) ;看到连词要注意其表达的句子在文章中的逻辑关

     系是否正确 ,主要表现为并列,递进,转折, 因果,条件等

 ① 连词的错用(主要是and ,but, so ,or 之间的错用)

(2007重庆) we were wet to the skin, and we still sang and laughed happily.   but

(2009浙江).This man might need the umbrella himself, and he preferred

           to give it to everyone else.                                      but

（2010浙江）After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you, Mother.

             So I didn’t think she looked like Grandma                  but

(2008陕西) However, while John went back home, the tickets were still there  when

② 连词的缺少(当看到两个句子之间有逗号，要注意句子间是否缺连词)

 (2008天津) I have already studied  …years, ∧I can’t use it very well  but/yet

 (2009陕西) some friends of his go to see him every day, ∧ they take him… and

③ 连词的（主要考查 though/although与but，because/since/as 与 so 的连词重复

             使用, 一般情况下删除 but ，so 等连词。)

 (2006浙江) Since you have visited Greece ….,(so) I would like to know…

 (2009温州二模) Although I was tiring, (but) I enjoyed myself

 温馨提示: 连词的考查以and, but , or ，so之间的错用为主

◆见了从句要看引导词(十之七八从句引导词有问题)

(2007全国) There’s just a chance which I can join it                  that

(2009全国) …, I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me      why

(2010陕西) It turned out to be her own cup, that she’d left on the shelf… which

(2009辽宁) One day I saw a second-hand bicycle, that was only 100yuan     which

(2) 平行结构的错用 （常见错误）---主要指用and, but, not…but, not only…

 butalso…,neither….nor, either….nor ,as well as等连接的并列结构对应位置

 形式相同

(2008安徽) We choose the cheapest biscuit and ate it under a tree        chose

(2009全国) They do all of these things as well as climbed building       climb (2009全国) Modern people know more about health, have better food ,and   (to) live

           in ....

(2008浙江) I would easy finish 300 envelops in five hours and (to) earn the money.

(3) 形容词，副词的错用（1—2个）（常见错误）

  ① 形容词错用成副词  (形容词作表语,\宾语补足语及作定语)

(2006江西) Yes, it is clearly that your life in you country is quite ….   clear

(2007浙江) I felt very proudly of myself                                 proud  (2008陕西).Reviews of the play, which all said it was a terribly one!  terrible

（2010重庆）Still, your happiness makes him happily too.                 happy

② 副词错用成形容词 (副词修饰动词,形容词及副词)

(2006陕西)I know you are particular interested in HumanRights    particularly 

(2008浙江)…, feeling sure I would easy finish300 envelopes in five…  easily

(2009重庆) The food in one area can be easy told from that in another     easily

③ v-ed 和 v-ing的错用(-ed 译为“自己感到…的”,-ing 译为“令人/使人…的”）
     (2004全国) Yes, a concert can be very excited                 exciting

 (2009全国) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening    frightened

 ④ 原级，比较级和最高级的错用

  (2006 安徽) In some places you may borrow as more books as you need     many

  (2009陕西) The doctor says he is recovering fast than expected         faster

(4) 介词的错误（1—2个） （必有错误）

    注意：此处介词包括既可以为介词又可以为副词的词， 如 in, up ,down 等

① 介词的“缺”:主要是一些固定搭配中缺少介词

       (2009辽宁) I asked my father∧ the money                            for

②介词的“多”:主要考查一些时间名词前有this/that/next/last/every等词其前多介

词，某些介词短语之的辨析 如: because 与because of , in case 与in case

 of ,believe 与believe in等

（2010浙江参考样卷）There were two foreign teachers in our school (in) this term.

 (2009浙江) ..and couldn’t believe (in) that a complete stranger is so thoughtful

③介词的“错”主要考查介词短语及介词与名词，动词，形容词搭配上的错用

(2009重庆) Chinese food is famous with its wide variety                    for

(2009全国1) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men               of

(2007 安徽) I am going to stay in Nottinggham by my aunt and uncle        with

  ④ 介词的宾语表现形式错误

 (2008全国1) I have often dreamed of talk face to face with you       talking

 (2009浙江) … it was possible give without expect anything in return. expecting

 (2008浙江) Getting out of the classroom is indeed necessary for we          us

(5) 主谓一致

① 主语为复数名词或代词是动词为单数，主语为单数名词或代词时动词用复数的错用

 (2006 四川) ….and said, “I just want to know what the sign say”         says

 (2009全国2) When I got back, it were already 6pm                      was

(2009重庆) Shanghai food, a little bit sweet, differ from Sichuan food….differs

 ② 在定语从句中的错用

  (2009全国1) ….of the car, talking to two men who was helping him…      were

 （2004浙江）…. Join the Stamp collectors’Club which exist to add…      exists

  (2010重庆) …., he will say some words that is nice and warm.        are      

  ③ 不定式，动名词及从句做主语时的谓语动词单复数错用（谓语动词用单数形式）

   (2009全国) Playing football not only make us grow up tall and strong….  makes

   (2004浙江) Starting your collection of stamps are easy because they are…  is

(6) 固定结构或句型的错用

   (2006 福建) Though I had difficulty walk back to my classroom….     walking

   (2008辽宁) ….easy to get in (the)touch with everybody and set a goodbtime….

   (2009陕西) …so he often get into (the) trouble .

(7) 非谓语的错用

① 非谓语作定语的错用

(2006 重庆)The city looks as an old man with leaves fallen from the tree falling

（2010浙江）I notice Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly

             women and young couple                                 occupied

 (2009陕西) My classmate is at present in hospital with a breaking leg    broken

 (2010海南) On the box was a card say: “25cents each.”                  saying

② 非谓语作宾语的错用  

(2008辽宁) we decided ∧ stop at a village market to buy something to eat    to

(2009重庆) I am looking forward to meet you here so……                 meeting

③ 非谓语作宾补的错用     

(2009全国2) So I helped them going to the nearest hospital                 go

(2009陕西) …when he let a bicycle ran right into him                     run

   (注意某些动词宾补形式: have/let/make/help sb do sth : do前的to都省略)

④ 非谓语作状语的错用

(2008辽宁)We all enjoyed this precious day greatly,remember the time

          we.....remembering

（2010浙江）“Excuse me”he said, put her arm around the unhappy….     putting

第二步:  综观全篇，注意设计规律， 如：看错误类型比例是否得当，前后逻辑是否一

         致，有无前后矛盾现象

         正确错误比例 （新课程浙江省高考到目前为止）

        多   1个               缺  1 个        错  8个

       注意: “多” 和 “缺”主要集中在冠词,介词,不定式符号或be动词上

第三步: 认真检查避免出现以下错误: ① 符号不规范；②一个词改为几个词或几个词改

        为一个词 ，③该大写未大写，合成词只写其中一部分等