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一、数与运算 自然数：natural number 整数：integer 负整数：negative integer 正整数：positive integer 被除数：dividend 除数：divisor 商：quotient 余数：remainder 整数：integer 倍数：multiple 因数：factor 偶数；even number 奇数：odd number 个位：one′s place 素数（质数）：prime number 合数：composite number 素因数：prime factor 分解素因素：prime factorization 公因数：common factor 最大公因数：greatest common factor 互素：coprime(co-prime) 公倍数：common multiple 最小公倍数：least common multiple 总体：whole 平均分：divide equally 分数：fraction 分子：numerator 分母：denominator 基本性质：basic property 最简分数：simplest fraction 约分：reduction of a fraction 公分母：common denominator 最简公分母：simplest common denominator 通分：reduce fractions to a common denomenator 加法：addition 减法；subtraction 真分数：proper fraction 假分数：improper fraction 带分数：mixed number 乘法：multiplication 除法：division 逆运算：inverse operation 倒数：reciprocal 小数：decimal 循环小数：repeating decimal 循环节：repetend 四则混合运算：arithmetic 比：ratio 比例：proportion 前项：antecedent 后项：consequent 比值：value of ratio 单位：unit 最简整数比：simplest integer ratio 连比：continued ratio 项：term 外项：extremes 内项：means 百分数：percentage 百分号：percent sign 及格率：passing rate 合格率：FPY 增产率：rate of growth 出勤率：attendance rate 盈利率：profit rate 亏损率：loss rate 利息：interest 本金：capital 利率：interest rate 期数：period 本息和：capital and interest 正数：positive number 负数：negative number 有理数：rational number 符号：sign 非负数：non-negative number 原点：origin 数轴：number axis 正方向：positive direction 单位长度：unit length 相反数：opposite number 绝对值：absolute value 交换律：law of commutation 结合律：law of association 分配律：law of distribution 加法交换律：commuative law of addition 加法结合律：associative law of addition 乘法交换律：commutative law of multiplication 乘法结合律：associative law of multiplication 乘法分配律：distributive law of multiplication 底数：base number 指数：exponent a的n次方：a to the power of n 混合运算：mixed operation 小括号：round bracket 中括号：square bracket 大括号：curly bracket 近似数：approximate number 有效数字：significant figure 科学记数法：scientific notation 无理数：irrational number 正无理数：positive irrational number 负无理数：negative irrational number 数轴：number axis 对应：correspondence 相反数：opposite number 绝对值：absolute value 距离：distance 法则：rule, law 乘方、幂：power 计算器：calculator 实数：real number 正实数：positive real number 负实数：negative real number 无限循环小数：infinite repeating decimal 无限不循环小数：infinite non-repeating decimal 一一对应：one-to-one correspondence 平方根、二次方根：square root 被开方数：radicand 根指数：radical exponent 根号：radical sign 开平方：extraction of square root 算术平方根：arithmetic square root 立方根、三次方根：cube root 开立方：extraction of cubic root n次方根：n-th root 有限小数：finite decimal 循环小数：recurring decimal 准确数：exact value 近似值：approximation 分数指数幂：fractional power 有理数指数幂：rational power 整数指数幂：integral power 正整数指数幂：positive integral power 负整数指数幂：negative integral power 实数指数幂：real power |
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