phosphor
关于磷元素的发现，还得从欧洲中世纪的炼金术说起。那时候，盛行着炼金术，据说只要找到一种聪明人的石头──哲人石，便可以点石成金，让普通的铅、铁变成贵重的黄金。炼金术家仿佛疯子一般，采用稀奇古怪的器皿和物质，在幽暗的小屋里，口中念着咒语，在炉火里炼，在大缸中搅，昭思慕想寻觅点石成金的哲人石。1669年，德国汉堡一位叫布朗特（Brand
H）的商人在强热蒸发人尿的过程中，他没有制得黄金，却意外地得到一种像白蜡一样的物质，在黑暗的小屋里闪闪发光。这从未见过的白蜡模样的东西，虽不是布朗特梦寐以求的黄金，可那神奇的蓝绿色的火光却令他兴奋得手舞足蹈。他发现这种绿火不发热，不引燃其它物质，是一种冷光。于是，他就以“冷光”的意思命名这种新发现的物质为“磷”。磷的拉丁文名称Phosphorum就是“冷光”之意，它的化学符号是P，它的英文名称是Phosphorus。
phosphorus Etymologically, phosphorus
means ‘bringing light’. The word comes via
Latin phōsphorus from Greek phōsphóros, a compound adjective formed
from phōs ‘light’ and the suffix -phóros
‘carrying’
(a relative of English bear), which was used as an epithet for the
planet Venus as it appears at dawn. It was also applied to any
substance that that glowed, and in the mid 17th century it was
taken up as the term for the newly isolated element phosphorus,
which catches fire when exposed to the air.
Phosphate
was borrowed from French phosphat, a derivative of
phosphore ‘phosphorus’
photo Greek phōs meant ‘light’ (it was related to
Sanskrit bhā- ‘shine’). Its stem form phōto- was used by the astronomer Sir
John Herschel in 1839 to coin the term photograph, based on the
Greek element -graphos ‘writing’, and perhaps
inspired by a parallel German formation photographie which had appeared a
little earlier the same year. The word’s living connection with the
concept ‘light’ has now been virtually severed, but it still
flourishes in, for example, photoelectric, photometer,
photon, and photosynthesis.
phospho-磷的，含磷的
phosphor
启明星
phosphorescence
磷光（现象）
photic
光的，与光有关
photino
光微子
photo-
表示“光，照相，相片”之意
photobleaching
光致褪色
photocell 光电池
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