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高考英语语法知识之定语从句 学习指导： 定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。定语从句用什么引导词关键是看先行词在从句中做什么成分。 先行词作主语人 who / that 物 which / that Do you know the man _________ is talking with your mother? This is the pen _________ was given by my friend. 先行词作动词的宾语人 who / that / 省略 物 which / that/省略 The man ___________he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai Is this the museum ______ they visited last month? 先行词作介词的宾语人 prep + whom 物 prep + which Beijing is the place _______________ I was born in. Beijing is the place in_________ I was born. Beijing is the place _____________ I was born. The pencil with _______ he wrote was broken. 先行词作定语人 whose = of whom + the + n 物 whose = of which + the + n I lost a book, _____________ title I can't remember now. I know the girl _______________ mother is my teacher. 先行词作地点状语 where = prep+ which My sister works in a bookshop _________we can read many kinds of books 先行词作时间状语 when = prep+ which He came at a time _________ we needed help 先行词作原因状语 why = for which Is this the reason _________ he refused our offer? 特殊情况：一．不用that的情况：⑴ 非限定性定语从句中只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人⑵ 介词+关系词中表示物的用介词+which，指人用介词+whom。二．只能用that的情况: (1). 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 eg: All that we have to do is to practise every day. Little that he said is believable. (2). 先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级所修饰 eg: The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten (3). 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 eg: Every means that had been tried proved to be useless. I read all the books (that) you gave me. (4). 先行词被 the only, the very, the right, 修饰时 eg: He is the only person that I want to talk to This is the very book (that) I'm looking for. (5). 先行词既有人又有物时 eg: They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school (6). 在定从中, 如果一个从句用who或者which引导时, 那么另一个从句用that (已经有了who/which时,为了避免重复) eg: Who is the man that is making a speech? 三．as、which的区别
四．the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。 Eg.I like the way (in which) / (that) the teacher gives his lessons. 五．定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别 定语从句与并列句 ① Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is a dancer． ② Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer. 区别：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。 定语从句与地点状语从句 ①.This is the place ________we used to live a few years ago. ②.Let’s go ________ we can find a better job. 区 别: 定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而地点状语从句没有先行词。 定语从句与结果状语从句 It is such an interesting book________we all like. It is such an interesting book ________we all like it. 区 别: 定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 定语从句与主语从句 1. _____ is known to everyone thatTaiwanis part of china. 2. _____ is known to everyone,Taiwanis part of china. 3. _____ is known to everyone is thatTaiwanis part of china. 4. _____Taiwanis part of china is known to everyone. 定语从句与宾语从句 1. Our teacher did all___ he could to help them. 2. Our teacher did ___ he could to help them. 定语从句与表语从句 1. is this factory _____ you visited a few days ago? a. where b. that c. what d. which 2. is this the factory _____ the exhibition was held? a. where b. that c. what d. which 定语从句与同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. The news that he told us interested all of us. 定语从句与同位语从句的区 别: ___________________________________________________________________ 1. The fact ____ she told me is very important. a. where b. that c. what d. it 2. The fact____ she hasn’t known the result of the exam is clear. a. where b. that c. what d. it 定语从句与强调句 ①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport． ②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works． 从结构上看： ①小题是强调句，故填 that。强调句的结构为“It is／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。 ②小题则是定语从句, the factory前差个介词in，故填 where。 1. it is the place ____ they lived before. a. where b. that c. what d. which 2. it is in the place ____ they lived before. a. where b. that c. what d. which |
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