【原】英语定语从句的用法大全（三）

一站式掌握英语定语从句的用法（一）

一站式掌握英语定语从句的用法（二）

今天接着跟大家分享英语定语从句中关系副词的用法。

五、关系副词

英语里常见的关系副词有when、where、why。

（一）when

when用作关系副词时，先行词都是表时间的，此时when在定语从句中作时间状语。如

• I will never forget the days when we spent our summer holiday in the mountainous village.

此时的when相当于“介词+which”的用法。如上句可以改为：

• I will never forget the days during which we spent our summer holiday in the mountainous village.

【注意】

1、尽管先行词是表时间的，但有的时候也会使用关系代词来引导定语从句，此时关系代词往往在从句中充当宾语。如：

• I will never forget the days that/which we spent together in the mountainous village.

关系代词that/which，用作从句中的谓语动词spent的宾语。

2、when有时也会用来引导非限定性定语从句，但有时也会使用“介词+which”的结构。如：

• He was born in 1976, when some of China's great leaders passed away.

• I just can't forget my childhood days, some of which have already had their longlasting influence upon my present life.

（二）where

where用作关系副词时，先行词都是表地点的，此时where在定语从句中作地点状语。如：

• This is the house where the soldiers once took shelter from the enemies.
  

与when的用法相似的是，此时的where相当于“介词+which”的用法。如上句可以改为：

• This is the house in which the soldiers once took shelter from the enemies.

【注意】

1、与when的用法相似的是，尽管先行词是表地点的，但有的时候也会使用关系代词来引导定语从句，此时关系代词往往在从句中充当宾语。如：

• This is the house that/which we visited last year.

关系代词that/which，用作从句中的谓语动词visited的宾语。

2、同样与when的用法相似的是，where有时也会用来引导非限定性定语从句。此时的where也常可以用“介词+which”的结构来替换。如：

• My brother works in a faraway mountainous town, where he can always enjoy a stunning view of the beautiful mountains.

句中的where就可以替换为from which，即：

• My brother works in a faraway mountainous town, from which he can always enjoy a stunning view of the beautiful mountains.

（三）why

与when和where不同的是，why用作关系副词引导定语从句时，其先行词一定是reason，而且只能用在限定性定语从句中，即中间不能用逗号隔开。如

• That is the reason why he has left for Shanghai.
  

【注意】

在现代英语中，why也经常可以省略。如：

• This is the reason I opened the window at this time of the day.
  

六、定语从句转换为短语

有时出于结构简洁的需要，定语从句可以转化为短语结构。

不过，不是所有的定语从句都可以转化为短语结构的，一般只有当关系代词在从句中充当主语的时候才可以转化为短语。如：

• 定语从句1：The woman who is standing behind the counter served me just now.

• 短语结构1：The woman standing behind the counter served me just now.

• 定语从句2：The woman who served me just now is standing behind the counter.
  

• 短语结构2：The woman serving me just now is standing behind the counter.

• 定语从句3：The woman who has already left served me just now.

• 短语结构3：The woman having already left served me just now.

【注意】

当关系代词在从句中充当主语时，也有的情况下是不能转化为短语的，一般是当从句的谓语动词中含有情态动词或will或would等助动词时。如以下两句话中的定语从句就不能转化为短语结构：

• The woman who can dance is Jack's mother.

• The woman who will visit her is her aunt.

七、用法小结

八、小测试

好了，下面大家就来做个小测试，看看前面分享的内容你都记住了多少吧。

小测试的参考答案请到文章底部的评论里查找。