定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有(宾格whom),所有格whose)和关系副词 where when why 等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词that,which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose在从句中作定语,而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。 例如: ① I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together. ② I will never forget the days which/that we spent together. 解析 在句①中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系副词when来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词the days; 而在句②中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语,所以用关系代词that或which来代指。 同样,表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副词where 或why来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用which或that来代替。 例如: ① This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作状语) ② This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作宾语) 注:当先行词为time, reason, place时,引导词可以省略。 例如: ① This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss. ② That is the reason (why) I did it. ③This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 另外,定语从句中谓语动词数应与先行词数一致。 ①Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party. ②He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher. 解析 在句①中,先行词foreigner被only修饰,强调只有一个,所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式。 而在句②中,who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the students,为复数,所以从句谓语动词应为复数。 |
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