申申老师英语基础句子成分入门讲解篇、配套基础练习及答案 申申老师句子成分排序口诀 主在前,谓中间,宾语、状语排后面 短语定语主宾后,形、代定语主宾前 间接宾语若在后,真、间要用to,for连 宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前 例句1: we(主语-在句首)will have(谓语-居中)an opening ceremony(宾语)next week(状语-在句尾)。 例句2: Our(物主代词做定语)teacher (主语)sometimes(副词做状语)tells(谓语)us(人做间宾)stories(事物做直宾)about his childhood(介词短语做后置定语)during the break time(时间状语) 例句3: Smith(主语) requested(谓语) me(宾语) to help him(宾语补足语) in the hospital(地点状语位于时间状语之前) last week(时间状语). 英语的句子成分基础讲解篇根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。 1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。如: It (主语)is getting cold. 天冷起来了。 Now everything(主语) is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。 The teacher (主语)is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。 2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。如: Mother bought(谓语) me a VCR. 妈给我买了一台录像机。 We have finished(谓语) our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。 3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于连系动词之后,与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。如: Be careful(表语)! 小心! He looks very angry(表语). 他看上去很生气。 His job is looking after sheep(表语). 他的任务是看羊。 4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。如: He wrote many plays(宾语). 他写了许多剧本。 She loves swimming(宾语). 她喜欢游泳。 5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。如: He told us to stay(宾补). 他叫我们留下。 I’ve never seen her dancing(宾补). 我从未看见过她跳舞。 I found it difficult to refuse him(宾补). 我感到很难拒绝他 6. 定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明,一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当,位置可在所修饰的词之前,也可在所修饰的词之后(详见形容词一章)。如: It’s an interesting (定语)story. 那是一个有趣的故事。 Do you have time to help us(不定式to 做定语)? 你有时间帮助我们吗? Who is the woman being operated on(动词ing短语做后置定语)? 正在动手术的女人是谁? 7. 状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等,一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。如: We like English very much(状语). 我们非常喜欢英语。 Her uncle lives in Canada(地点状语). 她叔叔住在加拿大。 She was lying in bed reading(状语). 她躺在床上看书。 8. 同位语:若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且,句法功能也一样,那么,后一项称为前一项的同位语。如: This is my friend Harry(同位语). 这是我的朋友哈利。 We students(同位语) should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。 9. 独立成分:与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系,如插入语、感叹语、呼语等,一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。如: He’s a nice person, to be sure(独立). 肯定他是一个好人。 Strange to say(独立), he did pahis exam after all. 说也奇怪,考试他竟然通过了。 英语句子成分基础练习 (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother(A) hasn't(B) done(C) his homework(D). ② People(A) all (B)over the world (C)speak English(D). ③ You must pay good (A)attention(B) to your (C)pronunciation(D). ④ How many new words (A)did (B)you(C) learn(D) last class? ⑤ Some of the students(A) in the school(B) want to go swimming(C), how (D)about you? (四) 挑出下列句中的表语 ① The old man (A)was(B) feeling(C) very tired(D). ② Why is he(A) worried (B)about (C)Jim(D)? ③ The leaves(A) have (B)turned (C)yellow(D). ④ Soon They(A) all became(B) interested(C) in the subject(D). ⑤ She was (A)the first (B)to learn about (C)it(D). (五) 挑出下列句中的定语 ① They (A)use(B) Mr. Mrs. with the family(C) name(D). ② What (A)is (B)your given(C)name(D)? ③ On the third(A) lap(B)are (C)Class 1 and Class 3(D). ④ I am afraid(A) some(B) people (C)forgot to sweep the floor(D). ⑤ The man(A) downstairs (B)was trying(C) to sleep.(D) (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ① She likes (A)the children(B) to read newspapers and books(C) in the reading-room(D). ② He asked(A) her(B) to take the boy (C)out of school(D). ③ She found (A)it (B)difficult(C) to do the work(D). (七) 挑出下列句中的状语 ① There (A)was (B)a big smile (C)on her face(D). ② Every night (A)he heard (B)the noise(C) upstairs(D). ③ He (A)began(B) to learn English(C) when he was eleven(D). ④ The man(A) on the motorbike (B)was(C) travelling to fast(D). ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm(A), Miss (B)Li (C)hurried off(D). (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 ① Please tell us a story. ② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. ④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤ Did he leave any message for me? _____________________________________________________________ 答案 (一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do (二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C (三) ① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B (四) ①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B (五) ① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B (六) ① C ② C ③ C (七) ① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A (八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语 请打印出来给孩子使用,关注我头条号分享精品学习资料 |
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