【原】Paris & Tokyo MoU PSC缺陷分析

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2011-2015巴黎、东京备忘录PSC缺陷趋势，检查数量基本保持持平，滞留及缺陷略下降

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近日，英格兰P&I Club发布了最新一期的的singnals' publication，对2011年至2015年巴黎、东京备忘录的检查数据进行统计分析，很有价值。

7大缺陷集中区域:ISM缺陷，消防门、放火分割类，消防探测报警类，空气管类，救生类，航海图书类以及防污染相关的缺陷。

1. ISM (both ship operations and resources and personnel)

2. Fire doors/openings in fire divisions/ fire dampers

3. Fire detection and alarms

4. Vents and air pipes

5. Lifeboats

6. Nautical publications and charts

7. Oil record book, oil filtering equipment and MARPOL

ISM缺陷常见形式，此类缺陷一般是PSCO发现船舶存在操作维护、证书不全等重大不符合项目，或是船舶存在太多的非滞留缺陷，这类缺陷往往影响到了船舶的航行安全或人命安全，PSCO会以ISM缺陷的形式处理，一般来讲巴黎备忘录的德国、希腊，东京备忘录的澳大利亚偏爱开具ISM缺陷。下面是报告摘取的常见ISM缺陷记录，取自两大备忘录数据库，原汁原味。

1. The vessels certification is not available, well organised or up to date.

2. Crew certification and training is invalid.

3. Critical and main equipment documents and books are not on board.

4. Stability, damage stability and cargo documentation not available.

5. Emergency towing manual unavailable.

6. Cargo Securing Manual not updated or available.

7. Crew not aware of their own responsibilities including in emergency situations, or in the use of emergency equipment on board

8. Crew not aware of the company

9. Designated Person Ashore and Company Security Officer.

10. Crew unaware who the Ships Security Officer is.

11. Crew have not completed a shipboard familiarisation induction, or records of this being completed are not available

12. It is evident, no record exists of shipboard operations being carried out as per the company SMS. Evidence is usually in the form of checklists that are being completed and recorded.

13. The crew have not reviewed the relevant section of the SMS applicable to them.

14. The Master has not conducted his review of the SMS.

15. Drills are not up to date and a drill matrix is not being maintained.

16. Crew do not act correctly during drills conducted in front of the Port State Inspector.

17. Planned maintenance is not in accordance with maker’s guidance or company procedures

消防缺陷常见形式(Fire Suppression and Fire Fighting Both Passive and Active):消防类缺陷一般是防火门关不严，不能自闭，防火垫缺失，防火分隔贯穿或缺失，fire damper损坏或易燃液体泄漏等，下面是报告摘取的常见缺陷记录，取自两大备忘录数据库，原汁原味。

1. Fire doors do not operate correctly,including any automatic closure devices.

2. Fire doors held open by non-standard devices.

3. Fire doors do not have the correct markings on them.

4. Fire door frame gaskets are in poor condition.

5. Cable transits are damaged, or not the correct fire class.

6. Fire dampers and ventilators do not operate and are not maintained or tested correctly.

7. Open and closed positions of dampers and ventilators are not correctly marked.

8. Fire detection system has faults, including covered sensors.

9. Fire Training Manual not available in the mess rooms.

10. Emergency fire pump and pipe work in poor condition.

11. Vessels fixed firefighting system inoperative required service overdue.

12. FFE equipment service out of date.

13. Oil in the engine room bilges presenting a fire hazard.

14. Excessive engine and machinery oil leaks, including full save-alls and the use of catchment devices instead of making

15. repairs to stop leaking.

16. Engine room tank sounding pipe self closers found tied open.

通风及空气管类缺陷（Vents and Air Pipes Common ）常见缺陷：

1. Tank vent pipes and vent heads are in poor condition. There is no evidence of regular maintenance, testing and checking.

2. Sounding pipes are in poor condition with caps missing, striking plates are worn and there are signs of corrosion on the pipework.

Life Saving Equipment  救生类缺陷大致是救生艇、阀、圈等缺失、损坏或配备不正确。以及上述设备相关的吊或其他系统运转不正常，或文件不合格。部分是船级社检验不严格，一部分是船员维护不到位。下面是报告摘取的常见缺陷记录，取自两大备忘录数据库，原汁原味。

1. The lifeboat hooks and release system are incorrectly set up and show signs of no maintenance.

2. The hydrostatic diaphragm is out of date or in poor condition.

3. LSA service records are out of date.

4. On board maintenance overdue or not done.

5. Wire ropes, sheaves and blocks are uncertified and in poor condition.

6. Harbour pins seized in place or unavailable.

7. Hanging off wires still in place or unavailable.

8. Free fall simulation equipment is not on board or records show that it was not used as needed.

9. Equipment including pyrotechnics and rations are not present, in poor condition or expired.

10. Steering and emergency steering does not operate.

11. The engine does not start by normal or emergency means. The engines do not go ahead and astern correctly.

12. Launching and operating instructions are missing or are not in the working language of the ship.

13. Davit limit switches inoperable. 

14. If fitted, air and sprinkler systems are inoperable, not serviced or maintained.

15. Lifeboat steering stiff or inoperable. 

16. Issues with GMDSS equipment reserve batteries.

17. SOLAS Training Manual not available in the mess rooms.

18. Life raft service overdue, davits and/or cradles in poor conditions.

19. Life raft hydrostatics not installed correctly or expired.

20. MOB bridge marker found seized and unable to be released.

21. Bridge pyrotechnics missing or overdue. 

22. Lifejackets in poor condition, un-serviced and too few.

23. The overall condition of the lifeboat hull and gel coat shows signs of damage.
    

航海出版物类缺陷（Nautical Publications Charts）表现形式：

1. The vessel is not carrying the correct charts or publications.

2. The vessels list of charts and publications is incorrect.

3. The charts and publications are not the latest available.

4. The vessel is not receiving weekly notices to mariners or alternative.

5. The charts and publications are not corrected up to date.

6. ECDIS, when fitted, is not up to date.

7. ECDIS, when fitted, does not have the appropriate regions and charts available.

8. Navigating Officers are unable to correctly operate the ECDIS.

9. Navigating Officers have not completed ECDIS training.

10. The vessel isn’t carrying all mandatory publications as per SOLAS.

11. The officer in charge of the charts and publications is untrained in the subject.

12. Passage plans are inadequate and do not run from berth to berth.

防污染相关（Oil Record Book, Oily Water Separator and MARPOL）缺陷大致是油类、垃圾记录簿记录不规范，油水分离器、生活污水处理装置、焚烧炉等使用不当或功能障碍，一般涉及该部分的缺陷小则扣船，大则罚款拘留。对于欧洲航线的船舶尤其应注意空气污染相关的法规及设备，换油程序，硫含量等，都是重点内容。下面是报告摘取的常见缺陷记录，取自两大备忘录数据库，原汁原味。

1. Correct codes are not used for entries.

2. Operations are not in date and time order.

3. Correct date format is not used.

4. Entries are unclear and unreadable.

5. Bilge water and sludge transfer operations have not been recorded or are being recorded wrongly.

6. Fuel and lubricating oil bunkering not recorded correctly.

7. Quantities of water steamed off from sludge are not accurately recorded in oil record book.

8. Entries not signed by the relevant officer in charge.

9. Empty lines have been left between entries.

10. Wrong entries are not deleted correctly (they should be scored out with a single line so the wrong entry can still be read.Then they should be signed and dated with a correction as the next entry).

11. The tanks page at the front does not match the IOPP certificate.

12. The Master has not signed the pages.

13. Oil filtering equipment not functioning correctly, including oil content monitor and three way valve.

14. Fuel oil sulphur content exceeding limits in emission control areas.

15. Incinerator not allowing for sludge incineration in line with its design criteria.

16. EIAPP certificates not available for machinery that requires them.

17. Garbage Record Book is incorrectly completed and garbage disposal certificates are not available.

18. SOPEP/SMPEP books unavailable and not up to date.

19. Sewage treatment unit not in working order.