|
今天有个家长报了我开班的记忆课程，家长提了一个问题：“老师！你好！问下什么是主谓一致，在英语中如何运用？” 我认为现在的家长很细心，可以提出这样专业的问题。于是我除了给他提供很多免费的记忆单词和课文的方法外，还写下了以下文章：
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查，主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、汉译英及其它类型的填空题中。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。 知识点 1.主谓一致的三原则 语 法一 致 含义： 指的是主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动词也使用复数形式。 例句 Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的其体意义，而不取决于表面上的语法联系。 例句 My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 就近一致含义又称为近邻一致原则，指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 2、谓语动词使用单数情况 例句 单数名词(代词) 、不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式 Some water is in the bottle 一些水在瓶子里。 A ball is on the floor.地上有个球。 many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式 Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。 more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数 More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生种经去过北京。 【易错警示】“more+复教名词+ than one"作主语时，诵语动词应使用复数形式。例如:More answers than one are to your question.你的问题答案不只一个。 3.表示时间、价格、重量、数目、长度、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式 Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长假。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说.三千美元是相当大的一笔钱。 主语是each/every+单数名词+and ( each/every )+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数 Each boy and each girl has got a seat。 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够。 动词不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 a/an十单数名词+or two作主语，谓语动词用单数 A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 【易错警示】" one or two+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数。 例如: One or two students were cleaning the window yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午有一两个学生在擦窗户。 不定代词somebody, anything, everyone, nobody, no one等作主语，谓语动词用单数 Is everyone here today.？ 今天大家到齐了吗? Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。 each, either, neither, one, another, the other作主语或后跟名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数 Each of them has an Enhlish dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Every pupil is supposed to be in his classroom at 8 a. m. 上午8点，每个学生都应当在教室里。 以--s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等 No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Physics is one of my favorite subjects. 物理是我最喜欢的学科之一。 谓语动词使用复数情况 例句 复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式 The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 people，police, cattle等集体名词作主语 people are the makers of history. 人民是历史的创造者。 police were very shocked by the robbery. 警察对那起抢劫非常震惊。 相当于名词的“the+形容词或过去分词’作主语，表示人时 Generally speaking, the blind have a keen touch. - -般来说，盲人有敏锐的触觉。 The unemployed usually lead a hard life. 失业者的生活一般很困难。 【易错警示】 "the +形容调成过去分词“作主语时，如果表示的是抽象概念，则谓语幼词应使用单数形式。 例如:The beautiful is not always the good. 美的东西不都是好的东西。 . both...and“连接并列主语 Both New York and London have traffic problems. 约和伦敦都存在交通问题 Both my friend and I like thin type of smartphone very much. 我的朋友和我都非常喜欢这种智能手机 知识点 4.其他情况 例句 and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数; 但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数 The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。 (作家和老师是两个人) “单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/includind/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数 Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike，like his brother，enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 “the number of+复数名词”作主语谓语用单数; “a(good/large) number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数 The number of the students is over eight hundred.学生人数超过八百。 A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。 由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers，boots等。 若此类名词被"a kind of/a pair of'’修饰时，谓语动词用单数 The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。 A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼镜的售价很高。 当not only... but also...，not... but...，or，either... or….，neither... nor…等连接并列主语时，以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则 Neither Jack and I have seen this film. 杰克和我都没有看过这部电影 Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow. 或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。 某些集体名词，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式 The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。 The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。 【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。
1.(黔南中考)---David has been away for more than 25 days. --I miss him very much. You know, 25 days_______ short. A. is B. isn't C. are D. aren't 【解析】选B,25 days作为一个整体，系动词耍用单教形式.故选B, 2.(安顺中考)Look, the set of keys_________ on the teacher's desk. A. are B. were C. is D. was 【解析】选C, the set of keys的中心词是set，系动词用单数.句首为look,故用一般现在时。 3.(黔东南中考) Climbing hills_________ good for our health. A. are B. is C. was D. were 【解析】选B。动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数形式。句子表述的是一般情况，要用一般现在时。 4.(绥化中考)This pair of pants______ mine. You may_______ on the bed A. is; be B. are; be C. are, are 解析】选A。 第一空所在句子主语为pair，为单数形式，故用is;第二空情态动词后用动词原形，故用be 5.(成宁中考)----What are you going to do this weekend? 一I together with my classmates_________ going to climb Mount Qian. Is B. am C. are D. were 【解析】选B, together with结构是伴随状语，谓语动词应与其前的主语保持一致，故用am。 考点2考察谓语动词使用复数的情况 6. (巴中中考)This pair of shoes_______ me well, but the shoes_______ expensive. A. fit; are B. fits; are C. fits; is 【解析]选B。前半句话的主语为pair，是单数形式。故用fits;后半句主语是shoes，故用are 7.(淮安中考)Andy, you'd better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit______ good for you. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【解析】选B milk and fruit是两样东西,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，句子表述的是一般，现在时。 8.(孝感中考)A number of volunteers _______ from faraway cities. A. is B are C. is come D. are come 【解析】选B, a number of结构作主语，谓语用复数形式。故选B. 我是在校老师，可以加我微信，送《超级学习法》学习资料和听免费记忆课，家长也可以在我朋友圈里查找相关文章 请加我微信：211588393 进行索取和咨询 |
|
|
主谓一致 
例句
考察谓语动词使用单数的情况：经典中考例题：
