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实用干货!初一下册英语知识点总结(上)

 ttylyyh 2017-08-26

实用干货!初一下册英语知识点总结(上)

英语学习就像盖房子,同学们在初一上册学习的知识就像房子的地基,打好基础后,就要添砖加瓦,开始进阶版的英语学习啦!一起看看有哪些知识点要掌握吧。

Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?

一、 单词与词组

Guitar吉他sing 唱歌,swim游泳dance跳舞,draw画画,chess西洋棋

Join: 表示“参加,加入”,此处指参加社团或组织,成为其中的成员。

Join the army 参军

Join the NBA 加入美国篮球协会

Join the art/sports/music/English/chess club 参加体育/音乐/英语/象棋俱乐部

乐器类+the play the guitar /the violin/the drums/the piano

非乐器类+ the play soccer/ basketball/volleyball/football/tennis/badminton

(英式足球 / 篮球 / 排球 /英式足球,美式橄榄球/网球/羽毛球)

Be good at+ sth./doing sth. 擅长做某事

Be good with 与…相处得好

Be good to 对…友好=be friendly to

Be good for 对…有好处

Like to do sth.特指某一次的动作;

like doing sth. 强调经常性的爱好。

两者都表示喜欢做某事,在仅仅表达“喜欢”时两者可以通用。

Tell: Tell stories 讲故事

tell sb. sth. /to do sth. /not to do sth.告诉某人某事/不要做某事

Help: Help sb. to do sth. /help sb. with sth./ help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事

Help yourself/sb. (to sth.)把某物(尤其是指食物,饮料等)拿给自己/某人

can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事

Call at 用于打某人的电话

e.g. Call Mr.Brown at 293-7742

Home:

1. 表示动态概念。意思是“回家”,“到家”。前面不加介词。这里的home 是副词,表示目的地。

e.g. 1)When do you go home every day?你每天什么时候回家?

2)He drives home after work.他下班的开车回家。

3)She often does some shopping on his way home. 她经常在回家途中买些东西。

2. at home 表示静态概念。意思是“在家”。这里的home是名词,表示具体地点。

e.g. 1) Is she at home? 她在家吗?

2)He left his book at home. 他把书放在家里了。

Go home 回家

get home 到家

at home 在家

Also 也,而且;较正式,用于肯定句,紧跟动词。

e.g. I can speak English and I can also speak Chinese. 我能说英文也能说中文。

Too 多用于口语,放在句末。 E.g. Me too.

Either 多用于否定句,放在句末。E.g. He hasn’t finished, either. 他也没有完成。

Show sb. sth. /show sth. To sb. 展示给某人看

Show time 作秀时间,表演开始

talk show 脱口秀(美国脱口秀节目)

二.重点句型

Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?

Yes, I can./ No, I can’t. 是的,我会。/不,我不会

What can you do ?你会什么?

I can dance./ I can’t sing. 我会跳舞。/ 我不会唱歌。

What club do you want to join?你们想加入哪个俱乐部?

We want to join the chess club.我们想加入象棋俱乐部。

Unit 2 What time do you go to school?

一、单词与词组

Run跑, brush v.刷:刷净 n 刷子, clean v.打扫;弄干净 adj. 干净的 exercise v&n 锻炼,练习,walk n&v 行走,步行. work n&v 工作 taste v.品尝 n.味道,滋味 usually adv.通常地,一般地, never adv. 从不,绝不 quarter n. 一刻钟,四分之一, forty num. 五十

Get dressed 穿上衣服, brush one’s teeth 刷牙, eat breakfast 吃早餐, take a shower洗淋浴, do one’s homework做作业, take a walk 散步

二、语法点

时间连词:when=while 当…时

then 然后 after that 在那之后

at+时间点/sb. do sth. at about +时间点

for breakfast/lunch/dinner…

睡觉go to bed=go to sleep 睡觉

take a tap 午休,小睡一会儿 反:get up 起床

Time 表时间,不可数;表次数,可数。

Some times 几次

sometimes 有时

some time 一段时间

sometime 某个时候

系动词It tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来(含被动意味,但不能用被动语态)

tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels+like 尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来像…

either…or…二选一

neither…nor… 两者都不

连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,即 '就近原则'。

e.g. Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。

Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。

Here引导的倒装句表位置的副词放在句首时, 如主语是代词,不倒装 ; 表位置的副词放在句首时, 如主语是名词,要用全部倒装。

e.g. Here it is! Here he comes. (代词不倒装)

Here is your ticket. Here comes the bus. (名词倒装)

关于时间的问法

(1)以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段,也可以是较短的时间点

①When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?

②My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是12月29日。

这里就是指一天的时间段

①When do you go home? 你几点回家?

②I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午4:30回家.

这里when问的是具体的时间。

(2)具体几点我们通常用what time提问

①What time is it now? 现在几点了? or What’s the time? 几点了?

It’s 9:26. 现在九点二十六。

②What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了?

It’s 8:36. Oh, It’s 50 minutes late 8:36,哦,它慢了50分钟。

③What time do you get up? 你几点起床?

I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上6点起床。

三、重要句型

What time do you usually get up ?

I usually get up at six thirty.

What time does Rick eat breakfast.

He eats breakfast at seven o’clock.

When does Scott go to work?

He always goes to work at eleven o’clock.

Unit 3 How do you get to school?

一、单词

Train 火车, bus公共汽车, subway地铁, bike自行车, car小汽车, boat小船 , river河,江, year年, minute 分钟, kilometer千米,公里, sixty六十, seventy,七十 eighty八十, ninety 九十, hundred一百 , ride v.骑 n 旅程,

drive v.开车 , live v.居住,生活 leave v.离开 , cross v.穿过,越过

二,词组

Take the train/ bus乘火车/公共汽车

go by bike/subway

ride a bike骑自行车

driver a car 开车

think of 想起

between ....and ... 在...和...之间

Leave home/school 离开家/学校

come true实现

many students是单指学生数量多,侧重数量

many of the students是指学生中很多一部分,强调部分

too…太…

1. too much意为“太多”,+不可数名词/+动词。

e.g.I had too much housework to do yesterday . 昨天我有太多的家务活要干。

She talks too much . 她说话太多。

much too意思是“过分,太”,隐含了过分而不恰当之意,much too+形容词或副词,不+动词。

e.g.The question is much too difficult . 这道题太难了。

You’re walking much too fast . 你走得太快了。

2.too…to…太…而不能….e.g. You are never too young to study.

同: so…that…太…以至于…

e.g.The river runs too quickly for boats.=The river suns too quickly to row a boat.

=The river runs so quickly that people can’t row a boat to across the river.

三、重要句型

How do you get to school?

I ride my bike.

How long does it takes to get to school?

It takes about 20 minutes.

H ow far is it from your home to school?

Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.

一、单词

rule n. 规则 rules

hallway n.. 走廊, 过道(hall+way)

fight v. 打架, 争吵 (fighting, fights, fought, fought)

习惯用语: give up the fight 认输,放弃战斗

put up a fight 奋勇战斗, 抵抗

have a fight with sb. 和某人打仗/打架

( 谚 ) Fight dog, fight bear. 一决雌雄

outside adv. (反) inside

dining n.. dining room // dining hall 食堂

have to 不得不

else adj.& adv. (多与不定代词,疑问代词等连用)

something else, anybody else,…

wash v. 洗 (washes washing )

loudly adv.大声地 响亮地

loud adj. 高声的 (反) low

二、词组

school rules 学校规章制度 break the rules 违反规章制度 make the rules 制定规章..

in the hallways 在过道 in the music room 在音乐教室里 in the dining hall 在餐厅

be in bed 在床上 be late for…迟到

listen to music 听音乐 wash my clothes 洗衣服 make dinner 做饭

have to do 不得不做 too many+名词复数; too much +不可数名词“太多”

by ten o’clock 十点之前 on school nights 上学的晚上 on weekends 在周末

go to the children’s palace 去少年宫

after school 放学后 sports shoes 运动鞋 gym class 体育课

三、句型

(1)Don’t arrive late for class.

(2)We can’t listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside.

(3)--What else do you have to do?

-- We have to clean the classroom.

(4)--Can we wear hats in school?

--Yes, we can/ No, we can’t.

(5)--Do you have to wear a uniform at school?

--Yes, we do /No, we don’t.

(6) What are the rules at your school?

四、重难点

祈使句

通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。

1)Be型(即系动词原型be+表语+其他)。如:

Be quiet,please.

否定句Don’t + be+表语+其他。如:

Don’t be angry.

2)Do型(即系动词原形+宾语+其他)。如:

Open you books, please.

否定句Don’t +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。如:

Don’t eat in the classroom.

3)Let型(即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他)如:

Let me help you.

Let’s go at six o’clock.

否定句一般在宾语后加not。如:

Let’ not watch TV.

4)No+V-ing型(此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中,意为“禁止做某事“)如:

No smoking! 严禁吸烟! No talking! 不许交谈!

No passing! 禁止通行! No parking! 不许停车!

Must与have to 1.must表主观看法,主观上的必要 have to 表客观需要

e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)

2. have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。

3. 在否定结构中: don't have to 表示'不必';mustn't 表示'禁止'。

e.g. You don't have to (needn’t没必要) tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。

You mustn't(can’t 不能)tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

On time 准时,按时。 In time 及时,迟早

e.g. We were just in time for (to catch ) the bus. 我们及时赶上了公车。

The train pulled in on time. 车准时到站。

Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?

一、单词

Panda熊猫, zoo动物园, tiger老虎, elephant大象, koala考拉, lion狮子, giraffe长颈鹿, animal动物, cute可爱的, lazy懒惰的, smart聪明的, beautiful漂亮的, scary胆小的, kind和蔼的, Australia澳大利亚, south南方, Africa非洲, pet宠物, leg腿, cat猫, sleep睡觉.

二、词组

want to do sth .想要做某事want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 want sth 想要某物

Let sb do sth 让某人做某事

Kind

kind of 有几分\种类 a kind of 一种… (all) kinds of 各种各样的=various of

like to do sth/like doing sth 喜欢做某事 play with … 与...一起玩

during the day 在白天 at night 在夜间

三、句型与日常交际用语

1、-why do you like pandas?/ -Why dose he like koalas?

-Because they’re kind of interesting.

2、 Why do you want to see the lions? Because they’re …

3、-Where are lions from?

-Lions are from South Africa.

4、-What (other) animals do you like?

-I like elephants.

5. This is a symbol of good luck. …的象征

6. Have a good memory like an elephant. 形容记忆力好

7 .- How old are you?=What’s your age? –I’m ten years old./I’m ten.

8.-Do you like giraffes? -Yes, I do. / No, I don’t

make of 与make from “由…组成”

make of 看得出原材料,物理变化;make from 看不出原材料,化学变化。

e.g. We must save trees and not by things made of ivory(象牙).

The paper is made of wood.

四、 重点难点

The other, others, another, other的区别

1.other可作形容词或代词,做形容词时,意思是“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。如: Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗? Ask some other people. 问问别人吧! Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里。

2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时,只能用the other,不能用another,此时的other作代词。如: He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人。

the other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词。如: On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边,有一棵大树。 Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。 He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸。

3.others是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如:Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞,其余的从事体育活动。 Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧! There are no others. 没有别的了。

4.the others意思是“其他东西,其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”。是the other的复数形式。如: Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。 the others=the other 复数名词,这在第2条中已经有所介绍。

5.another=an other,既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物,泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如: I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个,请给我看看另一个。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人。

Let’s do sth , let’s=let us 让我们做…… 人称代词用宾格 Let’s 之后跟动词原形。

Let’s see the panda.我们看熊猫吧。 Let’s go! 我们走吧!

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