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不定式用法 不定式的用法：不定式的否定形式是在所有的不定式to 前加not (1) 作主语 不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。 To see is to believe． 眼见为实。 It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是对的。 It is kind of you to come to see me. (2) 作宾语 不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。 e.g. He wanted to go． 他想走。 I find it interesting to work with him. 我发现和他一起工作有趣。 有作形式宾语, 主要有两类动词: ●谓语动词是make; find; believe; think; feel等时, 常用it作形式宾语 ●谓语动词是表好恶的词, 如: like; dislike; hate; appreciate常用it作形式宾语 They made it possible to finish the task in two days. I find it difficult to study English well. I hate it when a person speak with his mouth full. We will appreciate it if you help us. (3) 作宾语补足语 He asked me to do the work with him． 他叫我跟他一起做这个工作。 注意： 1）在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have，1et, make等词后的补足语中, 不定式不带to。 + 不定式强调动作的全过程; + 现在分词强调动作与宾语之间存在主动关系, 及动作正在进行; + 过去分词强调动作与宾语之间存在被动关系, 及动作已经完成. 如: I must see my child cross the street. I saw the thief stealing her money. You will see many problems settled in this way. 2）但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。 The boss made Miss White type the letter again. 注意: 当这些动词转成被动语态时 必须补充出来. 如 Miss White was made to type the letter again. 如果对这些动词后的宾语提问, 则照抄 Who (Whom) did the boss make type the letter again? Who (Whom) would you rather have go with ? (4) 作定语 I have some books for you to read. 我有几本书供给你读。 注①：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 e.g. He is looking for a room to live in ． 他在找一个房间住。 There is nothing to worry about． 无什么可担心的。 Please give me a knife to cut with． 请给我把刀子来切东西。 ②: 不定式是否用被动, 不定式作定语与所修饰词之间形成动宾关系, 若句中有不定式的逻辑主语, 不定式用主动; 反之用被动. Do you have anything to send ? 你有东西要去寄吗? (寄的动作是you发出的) Do you have anything to be sent ? 你有东西要寄吗? (寄的动作不是you发出的, 是别人帮寄的) I have something to say. (5) 作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件。 e.g. I came here to see you．(目的) We were very excited to hear the news． (原因) He hurried to the school to find nobody there . (结果) To look at him，you would like。 (条件) 目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示。 e.g. In order to pass the exam，he worked very hard． 为了考试及格，他学习很刻苦。 We ran all the way so as not to be late． 为了别迟到我们一路上跑来的。 注意: 不定式经常和only; never连用, 强调出乎意料的结果或失望的情绪. After that day they were separated, never to see each other again. I hurried to get there , only to find him out. (6) 不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以下几点： A) 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。 Have you got a key to unlock the door? B) 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。 I have got a letter to write． He needs a room to live in． C) 不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for one或for people． e.g. He is hard to talk to． The book is difficult to understand． (7)不定式省to的情况 ●在使役动词和感官动词后省to Don’t let me wait for long. ●不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。 e.g. She could do nothing but cry． 她只会哭了。 What do you like to do besides swimming? 除游泳外你还喜欢什么? I have no choice but to go． 我不得不走。 ●当不定式在系动词be后作表语时, 如果主语部分带实义动词do时, 就可以省去to The only thing I can do is wait for help. What boys like to do most is become businessmen. All we have to do is clean or peel them. What I can do tomorrow is stay at home and sleep all day. 例子学习 To encourage the students to take outdoor exercise，our school organised a mountainclimbing on April 10. 为了鼓励同学们进行户外锻炼，我校于4月10号进行了一次登山比赛。 动词不定式还可以作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。常与only，just等词连用，表示结果。 Mr Green and his wife hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left.格林先生和他的妻子匆忙赶到车站，结果却被告知火车已离开了。 特殊疑问词＋不定式。 句式仿写：在欧洲许多人不知道如何处理欧债危机。 In Europe，many people don’t know what_to_do_with/how_to_deal_with the European debt crisis. Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only__________(find) it didn’t fit. 答案： to find ________________(finish) the project in time，the staff were working at weekends. 答案： To finish ________________(compete) more effectively with others，more and more people equip themselves with a higher education. 答案： To compete Susan made ________clear to me that she wishes to make a new life for herself. 答案： it |
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