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定语从句专项精讲
定义：修饰 或 限定 名词 或 代词的从句
什么是从句？
：从属于一个复合句的句子—> 从句其实就是个句子。
定语从句的构成
：先行词—> 关系词＋ 从句部分 —> 定语从句
先行词 —— 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。
关系词 —— 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
e.g.
小明 is a boy.
小明 likes to eat.
—> 小明 is a boy who likes to eat.
先行词—> boy
关系词—> who从句部分
关系词分两种
一是关系代词(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分)
二是关系副词(在定语从句中担任状语成分)
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as
关系副词有：when (先行词为时间), where (先行词为地点), why (先行词为原因) 关系副词 = 介词 + which / whom
关系词的三个功能
1. 连接功能（连接先行词与定语从句） 2. 担任功能（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语） 3. 替代功能（在定语从句中代替先行词） 小明 is a boy who likes to eat.
具体使用法关系代词
当先行词是人的时候： who, whom, whose, that
当先行词是物的时候： whose, which, that
（可以看出：that 既可以修饰人也可以修饰物）
关系代词作主语
指人：
There are five students who / that are playing basketball on the basketball court.
The students who / that are playing basketball on the basketball court are my classmates.
指物：
There are five trees which / that stand along the basketball court.
I bought a computer which / that is very cheap.
上面的，关系代词，who that which 一定不可以省略。 因为他们在从句中作主语！
关系代词作宾语
指人：
you are the one who / that he loves.
who 和 that 可以省略， 如
you are the one he loves.
指物：
the computer which / that I bought yesterday is very cheap.
which 和 that 可以省略， 如
the computer I bought yesterday is very cheap.
whose 的用法：
在定语从句中：whose 可以指人 也可以指物。
i have a friend whose mother is a teacher.
i have a cellphone whose color is silver.
whose 理解为：谁的
whom 和 who 的区别
当指代宾语的时候， whom 和 who 可以互换 如：
you are the one who / whom he loves.
当关系代词前面有介词的时候，只能使用whom 如：
小明 is my friend from whom I can learn lot of things.
this is the boy with whom I just talked.
关系副词
关系副词 | 先行词 | 在从句中的成分 | when | 时间 | 时间状语 | where | 地点 | 地点状语 | why | reason |
原因状语 |
e.g.
This is the place where i grew up.
I still remember the day when we met.
This is the reason why I lied to you.
关系副词＝ 介词 ＋ 关系代词
This is the place in which I grew up.
I still remember the day on which we met.
This is the reason for which I lied to you.
quiz选择题
1、Do you know the man ___ is talking with your father? A. whose B. who C. which
2、The boys ___ the teacher talked to are from Class One. A. when B. which C. who
3、Those ___ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
A. who B. which C. whom
4. The gentleman ___ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom
5. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in the room. A. whom B. what C. which
6. The teacher for____ you are waiting has come.
A. who B. whom C. that(介词提前时只能用 whom)
7. A child ___ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. which B. his C. whose 8. This book is for the students ___ native(本国的) language is not English. A. that B. of whom C. whose
9. The boy ___ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.
A. who B. whose C. that
10、He prefers to eat the rice ___ in the south. A. who is grown B. which is grown
C. when is grown
11、 The knife ___ I cut the apple with can’t be found. A. which B. who C. what
12、The room in ___ there are many books is mine. A. that B. who C. which(介词提前时只能用 which) 13、This is the pen ____ he bought yesterday.
A. which B. who C. when
14. All _____ is needed is a supply of oil. A. which B. that C. what
15. Finally, the thief handed everything____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. that(先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything只能用that引导)
16. It’s the most boring film ___ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. whose
17. This is the first car ___ arrived this morning.
A. which B. who C. that(先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导)
18. I know all people ___ are from that village. A. who B. that C. whose
19. There is no water ___ is needed badly. A. which B. who C. that
20. Please take anyseat ___ is free.
A. which B. that C. in which
(先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰时只能用that引导)
21. That is the verybook ___ I was looking for. A. who B. that C. which
22. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing ___ he owns.
A. who B. that C. which(先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时只能用that引导)
23. The speaker spoke of some writersand some books___ were popular then.
A. who B. that C. which(先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导)
24. Who is the worker ___ took some pictures of the factory.
A. who B. that C. which(主句已有who或which时,只能用that 引导)
填空题 1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music. 2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.
3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
4. My parents live in a house __________ is more than 100 years old.
5. The boy with _______ John spoke is my brother.
6. Kevin is reading a book __________ is too difficult for him.
7. Is there anything ________ you want to buy in the town.
8. All ______ we can do is to study hard.
句子翻译：
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生. This is the doctor_____
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
The man _____ is my uncle.
3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.
I like the music_____
4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.
The woman_____
答案：
选择题： BCABA BCCBB ACABC BCBCB BBBB
填空题：1. who/that 2.which/ that 3. whose 4.which/that 5.whom 6. which/ that 7. that 8.that 9. that
翻译题： 1. who saved the boy’s life. 2. who is running 3. that I can sing along with. 4. who lives next door is a teacher.
定语从句分为两种：限制性与非限制性
限制性：先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开
为非限制性：有逗号隔开则
e.g.1
I met a guy who is a teacher.
I met a guy, who is a teacher.
e.g.2
XiaoMing cheated on the exam, which made his teacher angry.
which指代前面的整个句子
（非限制性定语从句一般不可用关系代词that引导。）
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