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乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿的针灸疗法

 SIBCS 2020-08-27

  编者按:乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿可见于大约20%的乳腺癌康复者,目前的治疗方法有限。2013年,美国癌症学会《癌症》发表纽约纪念医院斯隆凯特林癌症中心(美国最早且目前最大的肿瘤医院兼癌症研究机构,没有之一)37例单组非随机对照初步研究报告,发现针灸疗法前后臂围平均减少0.90厘米(95%置信区间:0.72~1.07,P<0.0005)。针灸是针法(针刺)和灸法(艾灸)的合称。中医采用针刺或艾灸人体穴位治疗疾病,是联合国教科文组织认定的人类非物质文化遗产代表作。根据中医理论,通过刺激穴位可以改善经络的气的流向。现代科学从组织学和生理学尚未发现气、经络或者穴位的存在,且部分当代针灸使用者并非依据传统理论体系进行实践。因为缺乏足够的现代医学研究证实其疗效,针灸常在部分国家被视为替代疗法甚至伪科学。一些科学研究显示针灸有缓解疼痛与术后恶心的效用。有人质疑针灸的效用极其微弱不足以建立临床相关性,认为显示针灸有效果的研究结论可能是安慰剂效应、不完全双盲研究或发表偏倚的结果。

  2018年3月8日,施普林格·自然旗下《乳腺癌研究与治疗》在线发表纽约纪念医院斯隆凯特林癌症中心的随机对照研究报告,对针刺疗法与常规疗法(等待名单对照组)治疗持续性乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿进行了比较。

  该随机对照研究于2013年1月~2016年6月入组中度乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿持续6个月以上女性82例,随机分配接受针刺疗法或常规疗法。针刺疗法每周2次,至少6周,由该院持证且针灸经验至少5年的针灸师,用细金属针刺激特定穴位。对受累和未受累臂围和生物电阻抗的变化进行评估,臂围减少30%以上定义为有效。通过臂围和生物电阻抗值的协方差分析和费希尔精确检验,确定有效者的比例。

  结果发现,其中可评估主要终点患者73例(89%:针刺疗法36例、常规疗法37例),入组该研究前接受过淋巴水肿治疗患者79例(96%),研究期间继续接受治疗67例(82%)。

  针刺疗法与常规疗法相比:

  • 臂围无显著差异(减少0.38cm,95%置信区间:0.12~0.89,P=0.14)

  • 生物电阻抗相似(减少1.06Ω,95%置信区间:5.72~7.85,P=0.8)

  • 有效者比例相似(17%比11%,相差6%差异,95%置信区间:10%~22%,P=0.5)

  • 未报告严重不良事件

  因此,该针刺疗法方案安全且耐受性良好,但是对于大部分接受过并且继续接受淋巴水肿治疗的患者,并未显著减少乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿。对于持续性乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿的乳腺癌康复者,该方案并未改善传统淋巴水肿治疗。

补充阅读

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Mar 8. [Epub ahead of print]

Acupuncture for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a randomized controlled trial.

Ting Bao, Wanqing Iris Zhi, Emily A. Vertosick, Qing Susan Li, Janice DeRito, Andrew Vickers, Barrie R. Cassileth, Jun J. Mao, Kimberly J. Van Zee.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.

PURPOSE: Approximately 20% of breast cancer survivors develop breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), and current therapies are limited. We compared acupuncture (AC) to usual care wait-list control (WL) for treatment of persistent BCRL.

METHODS: Women with moderate BCRL lasting greater than six months were randomized to AC or WL. AC included twice weekly manual acupuncture over six weeks. We evaluated the difference in circumference and bioimpedance between affected and unaffected arms. Responders were defined as having a decrease in arm circumference difference greater than 30% from baseline. We used analysis of covariance for circumference and bioimpedance measurements and Fisher's exact to determine the proportion of responders.

RESULTS: Among 82 patients, 73 (89%) were evaluable for the primary endpoint (36 in AC, 37 in WL). 79 (96%) patients received lymphedema treatment before enrolling in our study; 67 (82%) underwent ongoing treatment during the trial. We found no significant difference between groups for arm circumference difference (0.38 cm greater reduction in AC vs. WL, 95% CI - 0.12 to 0.89, p=0.14) or bioimpedance difference (1.06 greater reduction in AC vs. WL, 95% CI - 5.72 to 7.85, p=0.8). There was also no difference in the proportion of responders: 17% AC versus 11% WL (6% difference, 95% CI - 10 to 22%, p=0.5). No severe adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSIONS: Our acupuncture protocol appeared to be safe and well tolerated. However, it did not significantly reduce BCRL in pretreated patients receiving concurrent lymphedema treatment. This regimen does not improve upon conventional lymphedema treatment for breast cancer survivors with persistent BCRL.

KEYWORDS: Breast cancer; Lymphedema; Acupuncture; Breast cancer-related lymphedema; BCRL

DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4743-9

经过主办方讨论决定,第十五届全国乳腺癌会议暨第十三届上海国际乳腺癌论坛将于2018年10月18~20日在上海召开,为了全面启动会议的各项筹备工作,兹定于2018年3月14日(周三)下午3点(北京时间15:00)复旦大学附属肿瘤医院(上海市徐汇区东安路270号)2号楼7楼乳腺外科会议室召开第一次筹备会议,内容重要,请各参展单位相关负责人务必准时出席,谢谢!

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