 所谓“主谓一致”就是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。主谓一致有许多语法规定，这里作一个比较全面的总结与归纳。但有一点必须指出，光是总结还不等同于大家已掌握了主谓一致，正是因为其繁琐性与固定性，要求同学们熟记在心并通过反复练习来巩固。 1．动词不定式、动名词，或者主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： What we want is some water． 我们需要水。 To say something is usually easier than to do something． 说一些事往往要比做一些事容易。 Whether he will come is still unknown． 他是否会来还不知道。 注： ①当若干个动词不定式，动名词或主语从句被and连接起来当主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如： What he says and what he does don’t agree． 他言行不一致。 Where he comes from and what he is doing here are secrets． 他来自哪儿和他在这儿干什么都是谜。 ②由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容若是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如： What we need is more time． What we need are doctors． 2．“就近一致”原则。 当一个句子有两个主语，这两主语又是由“not only…but also”， “either…or…”“neither…nor”连接起来时，谓语动词和离它最近的主语保持一致。如： Not only he but also I am good at English． 我们俩英语都不错。 Either they or he is to come． 不是他们就是他会来的。 3．当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，常作为一个整体来看，谓语动词用单数。 Five years is a long time to wait for an answer． 为了等待一个答复4年时间够长的。 The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago． 李白诗集很久以前就出版了。 25,000 miles is a long distance． 两万五千里是很长的一段路程。 4．由and连接的两个并列主语一般谓语动词用复数。如： Plastics and rubber never rot． 塑料与橡皮永远不会腐烂。 注：当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有every, each, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 In our country, every boy and every girl has the right to receive education． 在我们国家，男孩女孩都有受教育权。 Each man and each woman in this office is asked to attend the party． 办公室里的人无论男女都被邀请出席晚会。 5．the +形容词可表示一类人或一类事物。其谓语动词有所差异。若表一类人作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。若表一类事物作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： The old are well taken care of in China． 在中国老人受到很好照顾。 The beautiful is loved by all． 人人都爱美。 6．如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有“with”,“together”,“as well as”,“as much as ”,“no less than”,“along with”,“with”,“like”,“rather than”,“together with”,“but”,“except”,“besides”,“including”,“in addition to”等词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如 The teacher as well as the students is looking forward to the summer holiday． 老师与学生们都在盼望着暑假。 The factory, including its machines, was burnt last night． 昨晚上这工厂及里边的机器全被烧掉了。 The mother along with her two children goes to the park． 母亲与她的俩孩子要去公园。 7．“some of…”,“most of…”,“half of…”,“all of…”,“the rest of…”等表达形式出现在主语时，谓语的单复数由of后面的名词来决定，如： All of us are very tired．我们大家都累了。 All of the water has been drank．所有的水都被喝了。 The rest of the students are on the playground． 其他学生在操场上。 The rest of the problem is very easy． 这问题剩下的部分很简单。 8．如果主语由“more than one…或many a…”构成，尽管意义上是表复数内容，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。 More than one book has been sold． 已出售的书不止一本。 Many a student wants to reduce home work． 许多学生要求减少家庭作业。 9．what, who, which, any, more, most, all等代词可以是单数也可以是复数，主要靠句意来决定，如： 10．注意区分“the number of…”与“A number of…”这两个作主语用的词组的意义不同，其谓语动词的单复数也不同。 请同学们仔细比较以下例子： The number of the students is decreasing．学生数量在下降。 A number of students came to look for you this morning． 今天上午不少学生来找过你。 11．形复义单的名词作主语时只用单数谓语的名词有news, maths, physics, politics, works(工厂),economics等。如： Physics is a fairly difficult subject． 物理是一门相当难的学科。 Politics doesn’t interest me． 政治没有引起我的兴趣。 12．某些集体名词，如family, team, class, group等词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如： His family is a three-good family． 他家是三好家庭。 The whole team are going to take part in the Olympic Games． 全队将参加奥林匹克运动会。 13．某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle, militia等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如： The police are searching for the escaped criminal． 警察正在搜捕逃犯。 14．一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of, a series of”等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数。如 15．区分men of this kind与this kind of men这两者当主语时，前者的谓语动词用复数形式，后者用单数形式。如 This kind of men is dangerous． 这种男人很危险。 Men of this kind are dangerous． 这种男人是危险的。 16．在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如： On the wall hangs a picture． 墙上挂着一幅画。 17．并列主语如果指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如： Truth and honesty is the best policy． 真诚是最好的策略。 The writer and teacher is quite popular among the students． 既是作家又是教师的他深受学生的欢迎。 18．在“one of +复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如： This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told． 注：当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。 She is the only one of the girls who is late sometimes． 她是唯一一个有时迟到的学生。 以下是有关主谓一致的一些配套练习。因为对主谓一致来说，只需掌握规则便不存在什么理解问题。所以仅提供练习及答案。若有问题可参阅前面所讲述的规则。 1．The league Secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting． A．is B．are C．has D．were 2．Each man and each woman ______ asked to attend． A．are B．is C．has D．were 3．Many a student ______ seen this painting． A．has B．have C．is seen D．sees 4．Tom as well as two of his classmates ______ invited to the party． A．Was B．were C．has D．have 5．Half of the apples ______ good． A．Is B．are C．was D．be 6．“All______ present and all______ going on well．”our monitor said． A．is , is B．are, are C．is, are D．are, is 7．Mary as well as her sisters______ Chinese in China． A．are studying B．have studied C．studies D．study 8．I, who_______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study． A．be B．am, C．are D．is 9．The rich______ not always happy． A．are B．is C．has D．have 10．He is the only one of the students who______ elected． A．are B．have C．has D．is 11．Chairman Mao’s works______ published． A．has been B．have been C．was D．is 12．Ten thousand dollars______ more than I can afford． A．has been B．have been C．is D．are keys: 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．A 12．C |
|
|
