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Unit 4 一、 重要词汇和句型 1. get (1) 买 get sth. for sb. == get sb. sth. 为某人买某物 Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ? ( 2 ) 得到, 到达 Where did you get the book ? When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night . (3) 使, 让 get 宾语 宾补 使某人\ 某物 怎么样 Please get you coat clean . (4) ( 逐渐) 变得…The weather gets warmer and days get longer . Why did the teacher get angry ? 2. how about \ what about 后跟名词\ 代词\ 动词ing形式。 (1) 向对方提出建议或请求 How about going out for a walk ? How about something to eat ? (2) 向对方征求意见或看法 How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ? ( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况 How about the weather in Hainan Island ? How about your parents ? Are they living with you ? ( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文 I’m forty years old . How about you ? I’m from Beijing . How about you ? 3. receive 收到 The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday . receive a letter from= heard from收到某人的信 I received a letter from my parents last Sunday . accept 接受 He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts . 4. a 6--year – old child 一个六岁的孩子 6--year – old 是由 “数词 名词 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词, 作前置定语, 修饰后面的名词child . 数词 名词 形容词 构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式： a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩 a six-foot-deep hole 一个六英尺深的洞 5. too … to… 太…… 而不能 …… too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形, 构成不定式. 句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语for sb. He is too young to join the army ( 军队) . 6. cost 1) 动词 , 花费 \ 价值 (多少钱 ) How much did it cost ? (2 ) 名词 , 成本, 费用, 价钱. at all costs不惜任何代价; at the cost of 以 …… 为代价. 7. pay , spend , cost , take 的区别 pay 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人. Sb. pay some money for sth. I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . Spend 花费 ( 多少钱或时间 ),主语是人. Sb. spend some money on sth. Sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth. I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week . cost 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物. Sth. cost sb. some money . This jacket cost him 200 dollars . take 花费 (时间 ),It takes sb. some time to do sth .花费某人多少时间做某事 How long does it take sb. to do sth ? 花费某人多少时间做某事? 8. sleep , sleeping, sleepy sleep 动词, 睡觉, 强调动作. I am very tired . I want to sleep . sleeping , Sleep 的现在分词, 表示 “ 正在睡觉” Don’t make so much noise . The baby is sleeping . sleepy 想睡觉的, 困倦的. I am a little sleepy . I’d like to go to bed . 9. choose 动词, “ 选择,挑选 ” , 过去式chose, 过去分词chosen 10. present (1) 礼物, 礼品 what can I get him for a birthday present ? ( 2 ) 目前, 现在 I’m sorry he is out at present . 11. open ( 1 ) 动词, 打开 , 开业, 开张, 展现 It’s not right to open other people’s letters . ( 2 ) 形容词, be open 开着的, 开放的 In his dream the flowers are all open . 12 . give away 赠送 , 分发 give away sth to sb Aunt Wang gave away the candies (糖果 ) to the kids . 13. rather than 而不是 …… 后面跟名词, 代词, 从句 prefer to do sth rather than do sth . 宁愿…… , 也不 …… Would rather do sth than do sth . 宁愿…… , 也不 …… 14. instead (1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反” I didn’t go to the cinema last night . instead, I watched a football match on TV ( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 “ 作为代替, 而是” Mr smith was ill , so mr green was taking his class instead . instead of 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词, 介词短语.表示 “ 代替, 而不是” I have come instead of my brother . He is ill . 15. enter (1) 参加 == take part in \ join More than one thousand sportsmen entered \ took part in the games . ( 2 ) 进入 ==come into \ go into She entered\ came into the room with these words . 16. encourage 动词, 鼓励, 激励 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 17. progress 名词, “ 进步, 进展” make progress “取得进步, 取得进展” 18. suggest 动词, 建议, 提议. 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词和从句 she suggested a way out of the difficulty . 19. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友 Would you like to make friends with us ? 二、形容词、 副词 形容词 （一）形容词的含义：表示人或事物的特征、性质、状态的词叫形容词。 （二）形容词的用法及位置： 1．作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。 The nice girl is my sister . I have something important to tell you . 2. 少数形容只能作表语不能作定语：alone , afraid , ill , asleep , awake , alive , well 。 3.作表语，放在系动词之后。 He looks happy . 4. 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make , leave , keep 等动词连用。 You must keep your eyes closed . Don’t make your hands dirty . 5. 某些形容词放在定冠词the之后，表示一类人。常见的词有：good , bad , rich , poor , young , old , deaf , blind , black , white , living , dead 。 The young should be polite to the old . Please don’t laugh at the poor . 6. 某些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式（to 动词原形）： glad , happy , pleased be sorry , sad , sure , kind to do sth . ready , afraid , able easy , difficult (三) 形容词比较级和最高级的构成： 1．规则变化 （1）一般情况，直接在词尾加er \ est 。 (2) 以不发音的字母e结尾时， 加 r \ st 。 （3）以“辅音字母 y ”结尾时， 把y变为 i ，再加er \ est 。 ( 4) 部分形容词，先双写最后一个辅音字母，再加er \ est 。 big , hot, fat , thin , red , (5) 部分形容词， 在前面加 more \ most 。 beautiful , careful , important , delicious , difficult , dangerous (6) 以ly结尾的形容词，在前面加more \ most 。 friendly(友好的) , lonely（孤独的） , lovely（可爱的） Likely（有希望的） , daily （日常的）, lively （有生气的） 2. 不规则变化 good \ well --- better--- best many \ much --- more--- most bad \ ill --- worse --- worst little --- less --- least far ---farther (较远的) \ further (进一步的) ---farthest (最远的) \ furthest （最大程度的） old ---older(年纪较大的) \ elder（年纪最大的）---oldest（较年长的）\ eldest (最年长的) (四) 形容词原级的用法： 1．说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原形。 The flowers in the garden are beautiful . 2. 有表示程度的副词very , so , too, enough , quite 等修饰时，用形容词原形。 The boy is too young . 3.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时，用形容词原形。 肯定句：A 动词 as 形容词原形 as B 。 English is as interesting as Chinese . 否定句：A 动词 not as \ so 形容词原形 as B 。 This book is not as \ so new as that one . 否定句的结构相当于 A 动词 less 形容词原形 than B 。 4. 表示“A 是B 的几倍”： A 动词 倍数 as 形容词原形 as B 。 Our school is three times as big as theirs . 5.“A 动词 Half as 形容词原形 as B”表示“A是B的一半” Her room is half as big as yours . (五)形容词比较级的用法： 1.表示两者进行比较时，用形容词比较级：A 动词 形容词比较级 than B Lily’s room is bigger than mine . This mooncake is nice than that one . 2. 有表示程度的副词a little , a bit , a few , a lot , much , even , still , Far , rather , any 等修饰时，用形容词比较级。 I feel even worse now . It is much colder today than before . 3. 表示两者之间“哪一个更……”：which \ who is 形容词比较级, A or B ? Who is taller , L i Ming or Wang Tao ? Which sweater is more beautiful , the yellow one or the pink one ? 4. 表示“几倍于……”时， 用“A 动词 倍数 比较级 than B ” I am three years older than you . 5．表示“两者之间较……的一个”，常用 “the 比较级”结构 。 Mary is the taller of the twins . 6. 表示“越来越……”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级 and 比较级 ”，多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more 形容词原形 ” It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring . Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful . 7. 表示“越……就越……”时，用“the 比较级 , the 比较级 ” The harder he works , the richer he is . The more we get together , the happier we’ll be . (六)形容词最高级的用法： 1.三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词 the , 句末常跟一个in \ of 短语来表示范围。 He is the strongest of the three boys . Shanghai is the biggest city in china . 2.表示“三者或三者以上的人或物，哪一个最……？”用句型： Which \ who is the 最高级 , A , B , or C ? Which city is the most beautiful , Beijing , Shanghai or Fuzhou ? 3. 表示“最……的……之一” 时，用句型： 主语 is one of the 形容词最高级 名词复数 。 Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers. 4. 形容词最高级前面可加序数词，表示“第几大 / 长 / 高 等” Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 5. 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用the 。 This is our last lesson . Yesterday was his busiest day . 6. 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。 Li Lei is the tallest student in his class . =Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class . =Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class . （七）--ing 形容词与--ed 形容词： --ing 形容词表示“令人……的”， 表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物。 如：surprising（令人惊讶的） , exciting （令人兴奋的）, interesting（有趣的） 等。 --ed 形容词表示“感到、、、、、、的”，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人：sb. be --ed 形容词 介词短语 。 如：surprised(感到惊讶的) , excited（感到兴奋的） , Interested（感到有趣的） 等。 （八）在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。 China is larger than any other country in Asia .( 在同一范围内) China is larger than any country in Africa . (在不同范围内) 副词：用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念，主要修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个句子。 （一）副词的分类： 1.时间副词：now,then, today, tomorrow, yesterday , before, ago。时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志，需牢记。 2.地点副词：outside, inside, 。 3.方式副词：quickly , happily。方式副词大多由“形容词 y ”构成。 4．程度副词：very , quite , rather , too , much , so . 5． 疑问副词：when , where , why , how long , how soon , how often ,How far . 疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。 6．关系副词：when , where , why , how 等。关系副词常用来引导从句。 （一）副词的用法： 1.作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个句子。 Please listen to me carefully . The boy is too young . Luckily , he was not badly hurt . 2. 作表语，表示方位上的变化： My father will be back in a week . 3. 作宾语补足语。 Let him in , please . (三) 副词的位置： 1.一般副词作状语时，放在谓语动词之后，如果谓语动词之后带有宾语，则放在宾语后。 We all study hard . He is drawing a horse carefully . 2. 频度副词作状语时放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。 He is always late for school . I often go to see my grandparents on Sunday. 3. 某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句子之前。 Suddenly he had a good idea . 4. enough 修饰形容词或副词时，要放在形容词或副词的后面。 The boy is old enough to go to school . He got up early enough to catch the train . （四） 副词比较级、最高级的用法： 1.副词比较级、最高级的构成方法和形容词比较级、最高级的构成方法基本相同。 2.表示“A不如B”时，使用：A 助动词 not 动词原形 as \ so 副词原形 as B . 还可使用：A 动词 less 副词原形 than B Bill didn’t do his homework as carefully as Jim =Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim . 3. 副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the 。 Lin Tao did best in English of all . （五）易混词辨析： 1.hard , hardly hard意为“努力地，辛苦地，剧烈地，猛烈地”，是程度副词。 hardly意为“几乎不”，是否定副词。 As students , we should study hard . I can hardly catch up with you , can you walk slowly ? 2. too , also , either too一般用于肯定句，常放在句尾；also常放在be动词或助动词之后，行为动词 之前；either用于否定句，常放在句尾。 You are a student . I am a student , too. They are also students . I don’t like the film , either .
5. too , enough , so too 表示 “太，很”, too …to … 表示“太……而不能……” enough表示“足够”， “形容词 / 副词 enough to…”表示“足够……能……”。 so表示“如此”， “so … that …”表示“ 如此……以致……” The man is too old to look after himself . The boy runs fast enough to win the game . The camera is so expensive that I can’t afford it . 6. already , yet already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑问句末尾。 I have already finished my homework . =I have finished my homework already. Have you finished your homework yet ? I haven’t had lunch yet . Unit 5 一、重要短语和句型 1. arrive at 到达(小地方) arrive in到达(大地方) reach 到达 get to 到达 I arrived in Beijing last night . =I reached Beijing last night . =I got to Beijing last night . 如果宾语是副词here, there, home, 要把at \ in \ to省略: arrive here \ there \ home get here \ there \ home 2. in front of… 在 …… 的前面 (某一范围外的前面) in the front of … 在 …… 的前面(某一范围内的前面) There are some big trees in front of the classroom building . I like sitting in the front of the taxi . 3. take off (1)起飞 When did the plane take off yesterday ? (2) 脱下(衣帽等) He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room . (3) 取消 They will take off the 5 am train . 4. get out (of ) … 从……离开\出去\下来 He tried to get out of bed , but couldn’t . A car stopped and a girl got out of it . 但从汽车\火车\船\飞机\马匹上下来, 用get off … 5.follow (1) 跟随 I followed him up the hill . 我跟着他上了山. (2) 沿着……前进 Follow this road until you get to the post office 顺着这条路一直到邮局. (3) 听懂,理解 Could you speak more slowly ? I can’t follow you . (4)follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事 Please follow me to read the story . 6. amazing 形容词,修饰名词 令人惊奇的, 令人惊讶的 what an amazing book ! amaze 动词 使某人惊讶 Your letter amazed me . be amazed at … 对…… 感到惊讶 Everyone was amazed at the bad news . 7. shout at 大声喊叫 多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊 Don’t shout at the little boy . He is too young . shout to 大声喊叫 多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊 We should shout to him , or he can’t hear us . 8. happen 发生 具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生 (1)happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday . (2)sth happens to sb. 某人发生了某事 An car accident happened to him last month .上个月他发生了交通事故. take place发生 (1) 按计划进行或按计划发生 Great changes have taken place in China in recent years . 最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化. (2)(运动\ 活动\会议等) 举行 The meeting will take place next Friday . take the place of 代替, 取代 Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal . 塑料有时能代替木材和金属. take one’s place 坐某人的位置, 代替某人的职务. Come to take my place . my seat is near the window . 9. anywhere 任何地方 常用于否定句或疑问句中. somewhere 某个地方 用于肯定句 everywhere 处处, 到处 === here and there 10. silence 名词, 寂静 \ 无声 silent 形容词, 沉默的, 寂静的 11. hear (1) hear of 听说 , 后接表示人或物的词 I have never heard of him before . 我以前从来没有听说过他. ( 2 ) hear about 听说, 后接表示事件的名词 I’ve just heard about his illness . 我刚刚听说他生病的事. (3)hear from 收到某人的来信 I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday . 我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信. 12. 主语 be one of the 形容词最高级 复数名词 in \ of 短语 . …… 是……中最……的……之一. Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in china . 13. experience (1)经验, 不可数名词 ; 经历, 体验, 可数名词 (2) 动词 经历, 感觉 The children experienced many difficulties this time . 这次孩子们经历了许多 困难. experienced 形容词 有经验的 be experienced in \at doing sth. =have much experience in \ at doing sth. 做某事很有经验. 14. as … as … 和…… 一样… . 两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形. He works as carefully as she . 他和她一样工作认真. 15. accident 事故, 意外遭遇 He was killed in an accident . 他死于一起意外事故. traffic accident 交通事故 Many people die in traffic accidents every year . by accident 偶然, 意外地 We met at the airport by accident . 二、感叹句 1. what 引导的感叹句 (1) What a beautiful girl (she is ) ! 多么美的姑娘呀 ! (2) What a clever boy ( he is ) ! 多么聪明的男孩呀 ! 规律: what ( a\ an ) 形容词 名词 ( 主语 谓语) ! 名词为不可数名词或复数名词时, 形容词前面不能有a\ an . 2. how 引导的感叹句 (1) How heavy the box is ! 多么重的箱子呀! How fast he runs ! 他跑得多快呀! (2) How careful the girl is ! 多么细心的姑娘呀! How well she plays the piano ! 她的钢琴弹得多好呀! 三、过去进行时 1.过去进行时的用法： （1）过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 What were you doing at 8:30 this morning ? When I called him , he was having dinner . (2) 过去某段时间正在进行的动作。 What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday ? I was reading the whole morning yesterday . (3) when \ while 引导的时间状语从句中，过去进行时的使用： ----- when \ while 当……的时候 While引导的从句中, 动词用过去进行时或表示状态的延续性动词 when引导的从句中, 动词用过去式 Mary was having dinner when I saw her . While we were swimming , someone stole our clothes . --------while 然而, 可是 He likes reading while I like dancing . 他喜欢看书而我喜欢跳舞. 2.过去进行时的构成： （1）肯定句：主语 was \ were 动词ing形式 时间状语。 （2）否定句：主语 was \ were not 动词ing形式 时间状语。 (3) 疑问句：was \ were 主语 动词ing形式 时间状语 ？ 肯定回答：Yes , 主语 was \ were . 否定回答：No, 主语 was \ were not . Unit 6 一、重要短语和句型 1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事 2. as soon as ...... 一……就….... 3. once upon a time 从前 4. continue to do sth. 继续做某事如此… …以至于… 5. make sth. happen 使某事发生 6.try to do sth. 试图做某事 7. the journey to sp. ......之旅 8. tell the/a story 讲故事 9. put on 穿上 10. a little b it 有点儿 11. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 12. give up 放弃 13. instead of 代替反而 14. turn .. . into 变成 15. get married 结婚 16. the main character 主要人物；主人公 17. at other times 在另外一些时候 18. be able to 能会 19. come out 书、电影等出版 20. become interested in. 对……感兴趣 21. walk to the other side 走到另一边去 22. a fairy tale 一个神话故事 23. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分 24. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 25. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事 26. go to sleep 去睡觉 27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地 28. get lost 迷路 29. change one’s plan 改变计划 30. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 31. in the moonlight 在月光下 32. find one’ s way home 找到某人回家的路 33. the next day 第二天 34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地 二、重点句型 1. W hat do you think about/of.. . So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong? 你觉得愚公的故事怎么样？ 2. It doesn’t seem adj . to do sth .. It does’ t seem very possible to move -a mountain. 把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。 3. This is because... This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size turning himself into different Animals and objects. 这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出72种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。 4.… so… that从句 Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 有时候，他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小，以至于可以放在耳朵里。 5. It take sb. some time to do sth .. Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 这些（山）太高了，他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。 6 .… not.. .. until十从句 Don’ t eat it until you get to the forest.你们到达森林之后才能吃。
三、重点短语及句型 1.instead 和 instead of (1)instead 是副词，意思：代替，顶替。通常位于句末。 (2)instead of 是介词短语，意思：等。 这两个男孩将在家做作业而不是玩。 2.remind 意为“提醒，使想起”，及物动词 remind sb. that 从句/what 从句 remind sb. of/about sth. remind sb. to do sth. 3.a little bit 意为“有点儿”，后跟形容词 This is a little bit difficult for me. 4.stop (1) Stop doing sth. 停止做某事。 (2)Can’t stop doing sth. “禁不住做……” 同意短语：can’t help doing (3) Stop to do sth. 停下来（正在做的）做（另一件事情） 5.Sound 的用法： “听起来”后接形容词或 that 从句，类似的系动词 sound 感官系动词，意思：还有：taste look smell feel 等。 常用结构：sound like “听起来像” 6.so…that…和 as soon as so…that… 如此……以致于…… 若从句是否定句时，可用 too…to…替换。 The girl is so young that she can’t go to school. The girl is too young to go to school.这女孩年龄太小，不能上学。 (1)在 so…that…中，so 用于句首，句子要用倒装语序。 (2)在此短语中，若修饰的形容词后有名词时，要用 such 代替 so。 He was such a foolish man that nobody loved him. He was so foolish a man that nobody loved him. 他是这么笨的人以致没有人喜欢他。 as soon as 意为“一……就……” 该短语引导时间状语从句。在使用时，通常主句和从句的时态一样，但是，如果主句使用一般（或过去）将来时时，从句一般要用一般现在（或过去）时。 They didn’t arrive as soon as they had hoped. 他们到达的时间没有他们所预期的那么早。 He started as soon as he received the news. 他一收到消息就动身了。 As soon as you finish your job let me know. 你一做完工作就让我知道。 来源：网络。本文版权归原创作者所有。 |
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