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每年的7月28日为世界肝炎日。肝炎是肝脏炎症，最常见的原因是病毒感染。主要有甲、乙、丙、丁、戊五种类型。尤其是乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎可使数亿人罹患慢性病，并且二者是发生肝硬化和肝癌的最常见原因。目前，在肝炎防治领域，最需要解决的就是检测和治疗覆盖率低这一问题。为实现2030年全球肝炎消除目标，世卫组织将今年世界肝炎日的活动主题定为“检测·治疗·肝炎”。 ▼  下面是公众需要了解的 关于肝炎的十条核心信息 01 乙肝与丙肝是重大卫生问题 全球范围内，有3.25亿人是慢性乙肝和丙肝感染者，其流行规模是艾滋病的9倍。 乙肝与丙肝是肝癌发生的根本原因 02 慢性乙肝和丙肝感染可能在几年、甚至是几十年时间内都没不会表现出症状。 乙肝与丙肝会缓慢地、悄悄地损害肝脏，最终导致肝癌。 03 及时诊断和治疗乙肝与丙肝可以 挽救生命 至少有60%的肝癌病例的发生源于乙肝与丙肝的晚诊断与晚治疗（43%源于乙肝，17%源于丙肝）。战胜肝炎等于战胜肝癌。 病毒性肝炎引起衰竭性疾病，同时 也给家庭带来沉重负担 04 许多肝炎病毒感染者同时受到其他疾病的困扰，如糖尿病，抑郁以及高血压，不但影响了他们的生活质量，也导致了经济压力。 05 由于缺少全球关注，病毒性肝炎 已经成为主要传染病杀手 每年，病毒性肝炎引起导致134万人死亡（多于HIV或疟疾所致死亡人数），这使得病毒性肝炎成为列结核之后的第二大传染病杀手。每天，有超过3600人死于病毒性肝炎。 在过去的15年间，有越来越多的人 死于病毒性肝炎 06 肝炎导致的死亡数增加了22%，同时其他传染病（如HIV，结核和疟疾）死亡人数均已下降。 07 同时，有更多人新感染上肝炎 每天，将近有4800名成人新感染上丙肝。（每年175万名成人，比每年新感染HIV或者疟疾的人要多），每年乙肝新发感染人数的确切数字未知。 肝炎侵袭最脆弱的人群 08 超过90%的乙肝新发感染通过母婴传播在婴幼儿时期发生。有一些人处在乙肝与丙肝感染的高风险中，包括注射吸毒人群，男男同性性行为人群，接受过纹身、针刺与针灸的人，乙肝感染者的伴侣，以及医疗工作者等。 09 肝炎可以预防，诊断，治疗， 甚至治愈 乙肝疫苗预防新发感染的有效率为95%。针对乙肝，人们需要接受检测，如果结果为阳性，在需要的情况下，接受终身治疗。 但是许多感染者并不需要治疗，但是要定期检查。针对丙肝，人们需要接受检测，提供治疗，可在2-3个月内完全治愈丙肝感染。 你可以为消除肝炎尽一份力 10 在2018世界肝炎日发声，促进预防接种、及时检测和治疗服务的全民覆盖。       点击“阅读原文”，了解更多信息 Test. Treat. Hepatitis The July 28th is the world's Hepatitis Day. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. The most common cause is viral infection. There are five main types: Class A, B, C, D and E. In particular, hepatitis B and hepatitis C can cause hundreds of millions of people suffering from chronic diseases, and the combinations infection is the most common cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Currently, in the hepatitis prevention and treatment area, the low coverage of testing and treatment is the most important gap to be addressed. In order to achieve the global elimination goals by 2030, for the 2018 event, WHO Therefore recommends the theme: 'Test. Treat. Hepatitis'.  1. Viral hepatitis B and C are major health challenges. Affect 325 million people globally. The epidemic is 9 times larger than the global HIV epidemic. 2. Viral hepatitis B and C are root causes of liver cancer. These are chronic infections that may not show symptoms for a long period, sometimes years or decades. Hepatitis B and C slowly and silently damage the liver, eventually causing cancer. 3. Timely testing and treatment of viral hepatitis B and C can save lives. At least 60% of liver cancer cases are due to late testing and treatment of viral hepatitis B and C (43% due to hepatitis B, and 17% due to hepatitis C).5 Defeating hepatitis means defeating liver cancer. 4. Viral hepatitis causes debilitating diseases and also places a huge economic burden on families. Many people living with hepatitis also suffer other illnesses such as diabetes, depression and hypertension, which affect their quality of life and cause financial stress. 5. Viral hepatitis has become a major killer due to a lack of global attention. Every year it causes 1.34 million deaths (more deaths than are caused by HIV or malaria), making viral hepatitis the second biggest killer after tuberculosis. Every day, more than 3600 people die of viral hepatitis. 6. Over the past 15 years, more and more people have been dying of viral hepatitis. The number of deaths caused by hepatitis has risen by 22%, while mortality due to other major infectious diseases, such as HIV, tuberculosis and malaria, has all declined. 7. At the same time, people are becoming newly infected with hepatitis. Every day, nearly 4800 adults become newly infected with hepatitis C (1.75 million adults a year, which is more than the number of new infections from HIV or malaria). The exact number of new hepatitis B infections is unknown. 8. Hepatitis attacks the most vulnerable. Over 90% of new hepatitis B infections occur through mother-to-child transmission and during early childhood. But other groups are also at higher risk of both hepatitis B and C, including people who inject drugs; men who have sex with men; people who have had tattoos or acupuncture; partners of people living with hepatitis B; and health care workers. 9. Hepatitis can be prevented, diagnosed,7 treated8 and even cured. The hepatitis B vaccine is 95% effective in preventing new infections. For hepatitis B, people should be tested and, if positive and needed, provided with lifelong treatment. Many patients will not require treatment, but should be regularly checked. For hepatitis C, people should be tested, then provided with treatment to be completely cured of the infection within 2–3 months. 10. You can help eliminate hepatitis. Speak up on World Hepatitis Day 2018 to promote universal health coverage for immunization, timely testing and treatment services for viral hepatitis infections.    |
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