角质细胞癌的最新进展 Update on Keratinocyte Carcinomas

角质细胞癌的最新进展 来自医学英语读读吧 00:00 01:49

【Update on Keratinocyte Carcinomas 角质细胞癌的最新进展】

 

Keratinocyte n.角质细胞

Disfigurement n.毁容

Immunosuppressed adj.免疫抑制的

 

Basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma are the most common skin cancers worldwide. And there are increasing in frequence. UV radiation, particularly among fair skinned persons, is the primary etiologic agent for keratinocyte carcinomas. Immunosuppression is another risk factor, especially for the developement of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Environmental exposure to ionizing radiation, manufacturing chemicals, and arsenic, as well as chronic ulcers and burn scars, can also increase the risk of keratinocyte carcinomas.The majority of primary keratinocyte carcinomas have a low metastatic potential. Therefore, clinical management is primarily focused on the risk of subclinical tumor infiltration and local recurrence. Whereas death from basal cell carcinoma is uncommon, death from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is becoming a major component of cancer-related mortality among the elderly and immunosuppressed patients. Moreover, disfigurement from primary tumors, particularly on the head and neck, may have a profound effect on quality of life. Basal cell carcinomas are responsive to  the innovation of hedgehog pathway. Squamous cell carcinomas may be responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors．Keratinocyte carcinomas represent an important public health challenge and economic burden, requiring careful evaluation of treatment and prevention strategies. ¹

 

【译文】基底细胞癌和皮肤鳞状细胞癌是世界上最常见的皮肤癌，并且发生频率越来越高。紫外线辐射是角质细胞癌的主要病因，特别是在皮肤白皙的人中。免疫抑制是另一个危险因素，尤其是皮肤鳞状细胞癌发展。暴露于电离辐射的环境、制造化学品和砷、以及慢性溃疡和烧伤疤痕，也会增加角质细胞癌的风险。大多数原发性角质细胞癌转移的可能性低。因此，临床管理主要集中在亚临床肿瘤浸润和局部复发的风险上。尽管基底细胞癌的死亡并不常见，但皮肤鳞状细胞癌所致死亡正在成为老年人和免疫抑制患者癌症相关死亡的主要组成部分。此外，原发性角质细胞癌，特别是头部和颈部的损伤，可能对生活质量产生深远影响。基底细胞癌对hedgehog途径的突变有反应。鳞状细胞癌可能对免疫检查点抑制剂有反应。角质细胞癌是一个重要的公共卫生挑战和经济负担，需要仔细评估治疗和预防策略。

 

【医学单词记忆之道】

1.      常用医学词组

basal cell carcinoma 基底细胞癌

cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

皮肤鳞状细胞癌

keratinocyte carcinoma

角质细胞癌

 

【医学英语延伸阅读】

The skin is the body’s largest organ. It protects against heat, sunlight, injury, and infection. Skin also helps control body temperature and stores water, fat, and vitamin D. The skin has several layers, but the two main layers are the epidermis (upper or outer layer) and the dermis (lower or inner layer). The epidermis is made up of 3 kinds of cells:

Squamous cells are the thin, flat cells that make up most of the epidermis.

Basal cells are the round cells under the squamous cells.

Melanocytes are found throughout the lower part of the epidermis. They make melanin, the pigment that gives skin its natural color. When skin is exposed to the sun, melanocytes make more pigment, causing the skin to tan, or darken.

Skin cancer can occur anywhere on the body, but it is most common in areas exposed to sunlight, such as the face, neck, hands, and arms. ²

 

参考文献

1．  Kishwer S. Nehal and Christopher K. Bichakjian. Update on Keratinocyte Carcinomas．N Engl J Med 2018; 379:363-374．

2．  National Cancer Institute 网站

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