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Alcohol causes one in 20 deaths worldwide, says WHO
世界卫生组织称，每20人中就有一人死于酒精
Report finds 13.5% of deaths among people in their 20s are linked to alcohol
报告发现，在20多岁人群中有13.5%的死亡与酒精有关
Alcohol is responsible for more than 5% of all deaths worldwide, or around 3 million a year, new figures have revealed.
最新数据显示全世界超过5%的死亡由酒精造成，每年约有300万人死于酒精。
The data, part of a report from the World Health Organization, shows that about 2.3 million of those deaths in 2016 were of men, and that almost 29% of all alcohol-caused deaths were down to injuries – including traffic accidents and suicide.
该数据是世界卫生组织报告的一部分。该报告显示2016年约有230万人死亡，其中近29%死亡原因是交通事故和自杀。
The report, which comes out every four years, reveals the continued impact of alcohol on public health around the world, and highlights that the young bear the brunt: 13.5% of deaths among people in their 20s are linked to booze, with alcohol responsible for 7.2% of premature deaths overall.
这份报告每四年发布一次，揭示了酒精对世界各地公共卫生的持续影响，并强调了年轻人首当其冲：在20多岁的人群中，有13.5%的人死于酗酒，而酒精导致的过早死亡占7.2%。
It also stresses that harm from drinking is greater among poorer consumers than wealthier ones.
它还强调，在较贫穷的消费者中饮酒造成的危害要大于富裕消费者。
While the proportion of deaths worldwide that have been linked to alcohol has fallen to 5.3% since 2012, when the figure was at 5.9%, experts say the findings make for sobering reading.
尽管自2012年以来与酒精相关的死亡比例已降至5.3%，但专家表示这一发现让人耸然一惊。
A WHO alcohol-control expert, Dr Vladimir Poznyak, who was involved in the report, said the health burden of alcohol was “unacceptably large”.
世卫组织酒精控制专家Vladimir Poznyak博士参与了该报告，他说，酒精对健康的负担“大得令人无法接受”。
“Unfortunately, the implementation of the most effective policy options is lagging behind the magnitude of the problems,” he said, adding that projections suggested both worldwide alcohol consumption and the related harms were set to rise in the coming years.
他说：“不幸的是，积极有效控酒政策的实施远远滞后于现实。”他还说，预测表明未来几年，全球范围内的酒精消费和相关的危害将会持续上升。
“Governments need to do more to meet the global targets and to reduce the burden of alcohol on societies; this is clear, and this action is either absent or not sufficient in most of the countries of the world,” said Poznyak.
“各国政府需要采取更多措施来实现全球控酒目标，并减轻社会层面酒精造成的负担;显而易见的是在世界大多数国家，这种控酒政策要么不存在，要么力度不够。”Poznyak说。
Poznyak said the latest figures were likely to underestimate the true picture. “Alcohol use starts in many countries well before [age] 15, so that is why we can say that our estimates are quite conservative, because we don’t count at all the impact of alcohol consumption on kids below 15,” he said.
Poznyak表示最新数据很可能仍低估了真实情况。他说：“很多国家年轻人在15岁之前就开始饮用酒精，这就是为什么我们认为我们的估计依旧相当保守，因为我们不了解酒精消费对15岁以下孩子的影响。”
But there is some cause for optimism. The report notes that the percentage of drinkers is falling in a number of regions, including Europe and the Americas. What’s more, while alcohol consumption per person (including non-drinkers) has remained steady overall, it has fallen from 10.9 litres of pure alcohol in 2012 to 9.6 litres in 2016 in Europe. The overall figure remains highest in Europe, although when only the drinking population is considered, the per person figure is higher in Africa and the eastern Mediterranean region.
但也有一些乐观的结果。该报告指出在包括欧洲和美洲在内的许多地区，饮酒者比例正在下降。更重要的是尽管人均酒精消费量（包括非饮酒者）总体保持稳定，但从2012年的10.9%降至2016年的9.6升。尽管只考虑饮酒人口，欧洲总体数字仍然最高，但在非洲和东地中海区域的人均饮酒数更高。
Perhaps surprisingly, worldwide almost 45% of recorded alcohol is consumed as spirits, with beer accounting for just over 34% and wine making up less than 12% of the total. That said, more than a quarter of all alcohol consumed falls outside the radar of official statistics.
也许令人惊讶的是，全世界有近45%的酒精饮料被制成烈酒，啤酒仅占34%，葡萄酒占总酒精的比例不到12%。也就是说，超过四分之一的酒精消费都超出了官方统计范围。
The report also takes stock of alcohol policies around the world, revealing patchy efforts to restrict advertising or make sure drinks carry health and safety warnings.
该报告还对全球范围内的酒精政策进行了评估，发现了限制酒类广告的努力仍不够，或者说难以确保健康安全饮用酒类。
Dr James Nicholls, director of research and policy development at Alcohol Concern/Alcohol Research UK, said the figures confirm that alcohol consumption and harm is falling in Europe, showing that cultures and behaviour around alcohol can change.
英国酒精研究中心研究和政策发展主任詹姆斯尼科尔斯博士说，这些数据证实了欧洲酒精消费和危害正在下降，这表明酒精周边文化可能也会随之发生变化。
“Still, Europe remains the highest-consuming region globally, and we know that it is still a major cause of ill-health in the UK – especially in more deprived areas,” he said.
他说：“尽管如此，欧洲仍然是全球酒精消费最高地区，我们明白它仍然是英国健康状况不佳的主要原因，尤其在更贫困的地区。”
The report reveals that in the UK, the total alcohol consumed per person among drinkers aged 15 and over was 7.6 litres for women and 21.8 litres for men. What’s more, 13% of men and 4.7% of women in the UK were deemed to have alcohol-use disorders; the average for the European region was 8.8%.
该报告显示，在英国15岁及以上的饮酒者中人均酒精消费量为77.6升，男性为21.8升。更重要的是在英国，13%的男性和4.7%的女性被认为有酗酒现象;欧洲地区酗酒平均概率才8.8%
Nicholls said the report flags that, overall, there is a growth in alcohol consumption in developed countries that reflects concerted efforts by alcohol producers to export a “European” drinking culture across the world.
Nicholls说，报告指出总的来说发达国家的酒精消费增长反映了酒类生产商在全球范围内出口“欧洲”饮酒文化的共同努力。
Rajiv Jalan, professor of hepatology at University College London, said that among the key issues was the age of consumption, with almost 44% of 15-19 year olds in European region being active drinkers. “We allow our kids to drink from the age of 16, underage drinking, and I think that is a serious issue that we need to hit on the head,” he said. “Kids are going to casualty drunk from school parties.”
伦敦大学学院肝脏病学教授拉吉夫贾兰说，关键问题之一是在消费时代欧洲地区15-19岁年轻人中有44%是日常有饮酒习惯的人。他说：“我们允
许我们的孩子从16岁开始喝酒，未成年人甚至也开始喝酒。我认为这是一个我们需要打击的严重问题。”“孩子们会在学校聚会上喝得烂醉。”
Jalan called the report a wake-up call, saying it is “seriously worrying” that in Europe alcohol is responsible for more than 10% of all deaths.
He said: “The biggest problem that we have is that, certainly in Europe and if you focus more on the UK, there isn’t really a strategy which is all-encompassing in order to address this death rate. All the different elements that are known to work have not yet been implemented.”
吉夫贾兰称该报告是一记警钟，称其“严重担忧”。在欧洲酒精造成的死亡占所有死亡的10%以上。他说：“我们面临的最大问题是在欧洲，如果你关注英国就会发现没有真正的战略来解决这个死亡率问题。”所有已知的不同措施都没有被实施过。”
Noting that while Scotland had recently introduced minimum alcohol pricing, England had not followed suit, Jalan said all eyes were now on Scotland to see if lessons could be learned for other countries from the policy.
他指出，尽管苏格兰最近引入了酒精最低定价制度，但英格兰并没有效仿。Jalan表示现在所有的目光都集中在苏格兰身上，看看是否能从这项政策中吸取其他国家的教训。
“Hopefully that will show a difference, but by that time many, many other people will be dead,” he said.
“希望这么做会有成效，但那时候很多人已经死了。”
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