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Two groups of flexors lie on the medial side of the ankle: 两组屈肌位于踝关节内侧: Three plantar flexors of the ankle and foot insert into the plantar surface of the foot and are supplied by the tibial nerve. Their positions behind the medial malleolus are remembered best in the form of the mnemonic “Tom, Dick, and Harry.” The tibialis posterior is closest to the medial malleolus; the flexor digitorum longus is behind it; and the flexor hallucis longus is the most posterior and lateral of the three. A second mnemonic, “Timothy Doth Vex Nervous Housemaids,” is older; it points out that the posterior tibial vessels and tibial nerve lie between the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscles. 足踝的三个足底屈肌进入足底，并由胫神经支配。它们在内踝后面的位置以“汤姆、迪克和哈利”的形式易被记住。胫骨后肌最接近内踝; 趾长屈肌在它后面; 拇长屈肌是位于最后外侧的。第二个助记符“老蒂莫西太使神经紧张的女佣心烦意乱”; 指出胫后血管和胫神经位于趾长屈肌和拇长屈肌之间。 The three muscles that insert into the posterosuperior part of the os calcis (the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris) do so via their common Achilles tendon. Supplied by the tibial nerve, they are the most powerful plantar flexors of the ankle. Since they insert more to the medial side of the posterior surface of the calcaneus than to the lateral side, they also invert the heel. 跟骨后上部分的三块肌肉(腓肠肌、比目鱼肌和跖骨肌)共同构成跟腱。由胫神经支配，是踝关节最有力的足底屈肌。由于它们更多汇入跟骨后面的内侧，而不是外侧，所以它们也会内翻脚跟。 The Achilles tendon inserts into the middle third of the posterior surface of the calcaneus. The collagen fibers that comprise the tendon rotate about 90 degrees around its longitudinal axis, between its origin and its insertion onto bone. Viewed from behind, the rotation is in a medial to lateral direction. Thus, fibers that begin on the medial side of the tendon lie posteriorly, and those that begin on the lateral side lie anteriorly at the level of the insertion. This anatomic fact makes it possible to lengthen the Achilles tendon by dividing its anterior two-thirds near the insertion and its medial two-thirds 5 cm more proximally. Dorsiflexion of the foot lengthens the tendon, and no suture is required. The operation can be done either as an open or as a subcutaneous procedure. This arrangement of the fibers can be remembered by thinking of this tendon lengthening as the “DAMP operation,” which stands for distal anterior medial proximal. 跟腱连接跟骨后面中间的三分之一。从肌腱的起点到骨的连接处，组成肌腱的胶原纤维围绕其纵轴旋转约90度。从后面看，旋转方向是从内侧到外侧。因此，从肌腱内侧开始的纤维位于肌腱后方，而从外侧开始的纤维位于肌腱汇入处的前方。这一解剖学特点使延长跟腱成为可能，通过分割其前三分之二附近的汇入点和内侧三分之二5厘米更接近。足背屈使肌腱延长，不需要缝合。这种手术既可以是开放手术，也可以是皮下手术。通过将这种肌腱延长视为“DAMP(湿)操作”，其代表远端前内侧近，可以记住这种纤维的排列。 A fat pad lies between the Achilles tendon and the bone, with a bursa that may become inflamed. A second bursa exists between the insertion of the tendon into the os calcis and the skin . 脂肪垫位于跟腱和跟骨之间，囊可能会发炎。在肌腱汇入跟骨处和皮肤之间还存在第二个囊。 The flexor retinaculum is a thickening of the fascia that stretches from the medial malleolus to the back of the calcaneus. It covers the three flexor tendons that pass around the back of the tibial malleolus, as well as the neurovascular bundle. 筋膜增厚形成屈肌支持带，从内踝延伸到跟骨后部，它覆盖环绕内踝后部的三条屈肌腱，以及神经血管束。 The tibial nerve may be trapped by this retinaculum, producing pain and paresthesia in the distribution of the medial and lateral plantar nerves and their calcaneal branches. The syndrome is known as the tarsal tunnel syndrome. 胫神经可能被这个支持带束缚，在内侧和外侧足底神经及其跟骨分支的分布中产生疼痛和感觉异常。这种综合症被称为踝管综合症。
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