目录 抗凝逆转(VTE-F) VTE-F(1/9-8/9) 危及生命的出血事件或紧急手术情况下的抗凝逆转 ●出血事件或紧急/突发有创操作的需要,抗凝的作用必须迅速逆转。 ●所有逆转抗凝的方案与血栓栓塞风险相关。 ●医疗机构需要义不容辞的保证本表中包含推荐的针对所有抗凝剂的逆转药物有库存。 这包括:鱼精蛋白;口服的维生素K(Vit-K1),和IV因子溶液; 新鲜冷冻血浆(FFP);4-因子凝血酶原复合物浓缩物(4F-PCC);3-F PCC;rhFVIIa活化凝血酶原复合物浓缩物(aPCC)(激活的凝血酶原复合物浓缩物抗抑制物因子复合物[AICC],蒸气加热);去氨加压素(DDAVP);idarucizumab;和口服活性炭。
注解: 1.华法林剂量变化的影响可能需要至少5-7天才能在INR中充分体现。 2处方信息:IX因子复合物Profilnine, 2014年。 3.关于所有这些推荐的逆转策略的临床疗效,数据有限。 对于危及生命的出血,NCCN指南专家小组目前支持使用rhFVIIa作为一线用药。 血液滤过或血液透析滤过可加速比伐卢定的清除。 4.关于所有这些推荐的逆转策略的临床疗效,数据有限。 对于危及生命的出血,NCCN指南专家小组目前支持使用aPCC或rhFVIIa作为一线用药。 VTE-F(9/9) 上述的表格由来自以下参考文献的数据组成: ●Bhagirath VC, O'Malley L, Crowther MA. Management of bleeding complications in the anticoagulated patient. Semin Hematol 2011;48:285-294. ●Bucklin MH, Acquisto NM, Nelson C. The effects of recombinant activated factor VII dose on the incidence of thromboembolic events in patients with coagulopathic bleeding. Thromb Res 2014;133:768-771. ●Burbury KL, Milner A, Snooks B, et al. Short-term warfarin reversal for elective surgery--using low-dose intravenous vitamin K: safe, reliable and convenient. Br J Haematol 2011;154:626-634. ●Crowther MA and Warkentin TE. Bleeding risk and management of bleeding complications in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy: focus on new anticoagulant agents. Blood 2008;111:4871-4879. ●Elmer J, Wittels KA. Emergency reversal of pentasaccharide anticoagulants: a systematic review of the literature. Transfus Med 2012;22:108-115. ●Garcia DA, Baglin TP, Weitz JI, Samama MM. Parenteral anticoagulants: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141:e24S-43S. ●Goldstein JN, Refaai MA, Milling TJ, Jr., et al. Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate versus plasma for rapid vitamin K antagonist reversal in patients needing urgent surgical or invasive interventions: a phase 3b, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial. Lancet 2015;385:2077-2087. ●Ghanny S, Warkentin TE, Crowther MA. Reversing anticoagulant therapy. Curr Drug Discovery Technologies 2012;9:143-149. ●Holbrook A, Schulman S, Witt DM, et al. Evidence-based management of anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. American College of Chest Physicians. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e152S-84S. ●Holland L, Warkentin TE et al. Suboptimal effect of a three-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (Profilnine-SD) in correcting supratherapeutic international normalized ratio due to warfarin overdose. Transfusion 2009;49:1171-1177. ●Kaatz S, Kouides PA, Garcia DA, et al. Guidance on the emergent reversal of oral thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors. Am J Hematol 2012;87 Suppl 1:S141-145. ●Koster A, Buz S, Krabatsch T, et al. Effect of modified ultrafiltration on bivalirudin elimination and postoperative blood loss after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: assessment of different filtration strategies. J Card Surg. 2008;23:655-658. ●Lubetsky A, Yonath H, Olchovsky D, et al. Comparison of oral vs intravenous phytonadione (vitamin K1) in patients with excessive anticoagulation: a prospective randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2469-2473. ●Marlu R, Enkelejda H, Paris A, et al. Effect of non-specific reversal agents on anticoagulant activity of dabigatran and rivaroxaban. A randomised crossover ex vivo study in healthy volunteers. Thromb Haemost 2012;108:217-224. ●Nutescu EA, Dager WE, Kalus JS, et al. Management of bleeding and reversal strategies for oral anticoagulants: Clinical practice considerations. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2013;70:1914-1929. ●Pernod G, Albaladejo P, Godier A, et al. Management of major bleeding complications and emergency surgery in patients on long-term treatment with direct oral anticoagulants, thrombin or factor-Xa inhibitors: proposals of the working group on perioperative haemostasis (GIHP) - March 2013. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2013;106:382-393. ●Sarode R, Milling TJ, Jr., Refaai MA, et al. Efficacy and safety of a 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in patients on vitamin K antagonists presenting with major bleeding: a randomized, plasma-controlled, phase IIIb study. Circulation 2013;128:1234-1243. ●Schulman S and Bjisterveld NR. Anticoagulants and their reversal. Transfus Med Rev 2007;21:37-48. ●Tanaka KA, Mazzeffi M, Durila M. Role of prothrombin complex concentrate in perioperative coagulation therapy. J Intensive Care 2014;2:60. ●Zatta A, McQuilten Z, Kandane-Rathnayake R, et al. The Australian and New Zealand Haemostasis Registry: ten years of data on off-licence use of recombinant activated factor VII. Blood Transfus 2015;13:86-99. |
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