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该单词的生义， 请特别注意。 本材料不包含词组的多义。 Ａ above / beyond: 后面接抽象而不是具体名词时表示“无法做到”， above / beyond comprehension：无法理解 absent adj． 缺席的; 茫然的， 恍惚的 He looked at me in an absent way．他心不在嫣的看着我 absence n. 缺席， 缺乏 in the absence of something: 缺乏一些东西情况下 absorb v. 吸收， 理解； 使全神贯注 She is absorbed in the pursuit of knowledge. 她专注于对知识的追求 about prep． ＆adv． 到处 ＝（美） around （熟义： 关于） walk about ：散步 We spent the whole afternoon walking about town． abuse v.& n.（酗酒） 滥用,虐待,谩骂 shout abuse:大骂声 I was left shouting abuse as the car sped off.当汽车疾驰而去时，我被留下大声辱骂 abuse of power 滥用权力 What went on here was an abuse of power. 在这里发生的是滥用权力 abused by sb 受到某人虐待 Janet had been abused by her father since she was eleven 珍妮特从十一岁起就受到父亲的虐待 accept vt． ＆vi． 同意（接受别人的观点， 看法） 接受 Tom accepted her explanation． ②认可， 领受， 认为 I accept that the aircraft has no choice but to crash into the sea． I accept ：我只好认命了 have access to something: 通道， 通路； 机会 。 “have access to town”：“ 去城里”， “have access to the teacher”则是“ 有机会接触老师”。 account “帐户， 解释， 解说， 叙述” 。 These figures disagree with our account. 这些数字与我们的账户不一致 contradicted itself 与自己矛盾 His account contradicted itself。 他的叙述自相矛盾 acknowledge v. 承认, 答谢； 报偿； 告知已收到 He refused to acknowledge defeat. 他拒绝承认失败。 acknowledge recedipt:确认收据 I acknowledge receipt of your letter of May 1. 我已收到你方5月1日的信。 acknowledged the gift：感谢了这份礼物 Jack acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter.杰克用一封愉快的信感谢了这份礼物。 act n. 行动； 法令， 条例； （戏剧， 歌剧的） 一幕 v. （戏） 表演， 扮演（角色） ， 演出（戏） ； 行动，做事； 起作用 It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act． The prosecution was brought under the emergency act. acquire 获得， 学会， 兼并， 占有 。 acquire bad habits”“ 染上坏习惯”， acquire a language( 学会一门语言)； acquire a firm( 一家公司)。 adapt v. 使适应， 改编 She adapted the novel for movies. He adapted himself to the change quickly. adopt 采取； 接受 ； 收养； 正式通过 She was left an orphan and a poor peasant woman adopted her. They adopt new techniques in raising sheep. address vt． ①称呼②向……发表演说； （熟义： 地址， 写地址） The president should be addressed as“Mr President’’ He is going to address the meeting in a minute． admit vt ． ①允许进入 ②容纳 （熟义： 承认） The servant opened the door and admitted me（into the house） afford: 担负得起(损失、 后果等) ； 足以； 经得起； 能受得住， 够得上(做某事): He can’t afford to lose his job. against prep． 衬着， 迎着， 靠着， 防备， 预防； 跟…反方向 ； ( 在比赛中) 与 (某人) 对阵 （熟义： 反对，违背） The picture looks good against the white wall． 这幅画靠着白墙看起来很好看 to drive against the traffic 违反交通驾驶 We have saved some money against our old age 我们存了些钱以备老年之需 This is the first of two games against Denver in the next five days. 这是接下来五天对丹佛的两场比赛中的第一场。 Joan was very much against commencing drug treatment. 琼非常反对开始药物治疗 age vi . 成熟； 变老 vt. 使成熟； 使变老， 使上年纪 She's aging rapidly. agent: 代理人， 代理机构， 特工。 在生物化学领域， 这个词翻译成“介质， 载体”， 而在计算机英语中则是“服务器”. agree with: 与…相符合 (气候、 食物等) 相宜， 适宜， 适合 Your story agrees with the facts. 你的故事与事实相符 Long plane trips don't agree with me． 长途飞机旅行我不同意 air n. 气氛， 氛围， 神态， 风度； 空军， 航空； 飞机 v. (用电视或无线电) 播送： 晾干； 使通风 The television interview will be aired to all parts of the country. There was a comfortable air about her room． allow 允许进入， 让…进入； 承认(权利、 要求等)； 认可： allow somebody to do something: 使得某个人可以去做某件事”。 Dogs and cats are not allowed. The invention of air-conditioners allows most of us to work in hot weather. 空调的发明使我们大多数人能够在炎热的天气里工作。 alone: 仅仅 和“only”同意， 意为“ 仅仅 ”， 但是要用在单词或者句子后面。 You can't live on bread alone. amount n. 金额， 数量/ v 总计； 等同于 The bill amounts to$102. 帐单总额为102美元。 His failure to reply amounts to a refusal.他不回答等于拒绝。 answer 回答,答复; 回信; 应(门) ； 与…相符； 满足要求， 代用， answer (for) : 负有责任， answer: 对(某事) 负责(to， for) ： to answer the door 去开门 This dog answers your description. 这只狗符合你的描述 I will answer for her safety. 我会为她的安全负责。 This isn't a good one but it will answer. 这不是一个好的，但它会回答。 appeal 呼吁， 恳求； appeal to somebody: “吸引某个人的注意力”。 appeal to court: 法律用语， “上诉”。 appoint v. 任命， 委任， 安排， 确定（时间地点） We appointed the school-house as place for the meeting. Who shall we appoint as chairperson? apply: 申请； 日常生活中是“ 涂抹， 敷药 ” 的含义。 to apply paint to a wall 把油漆涂在墙上 apply to something: “适用于”。 These remarks apply to every town in this country. 这些话适用于这个国家的每一个城镇。 appreciate v. 欣赏； 感激 In order to appreciate the novel, 为了欣赏这部小说， approach: n. 表示“方法， 手段”， V. 则是“ 处理， 处置 , 靠近”。 A storm is approaching. 暴风雨就要来了 the most reasonable approach:最合理的方法 Most vendors have come around to recognizing that this is the most reasonable approach 大多数供应商已经认识到这是最合理的方法 argue: 在写作中可以表示“认为”， 如果与介词同时使用， argue for :“支持”， argue against 表示“反对”。 argument: “观点， 主张”。 arrest one's attention: “ 引起某个人的注意 ”。 article: 日常生活购物场景下表示“ 一件商品” ； 法律之条款 。 The cost of this article includes packaging. 这件物品的成本包括包装费用。 this article by a local Japanese court 被当地日本法庭的这个条款 associate: 联想 We associate dark clouds with depression and gloom. 我们把乌云和忧郁联系在一起。 attached: 附加的， 附属的， 依赖， 眷恋； 喜欢 ； We've grown very attached to this village 我们渐渐喜欢了这个村子 arm n． 武器 v． 武装 n． 手臂 Lay down your arms or we'll fire！ 放下武器，不然我们开枪了！ attend vt． ＆vi． 看护， 治疗（熟义： 出席， 上学） If you go out， who'll attend to the baby？ available a. 可获得的， 有空的 Mr. Leach is on holiday and was not available for comment. average adj. 平均的, 一般的,通常的 He is an average man. awkward a. 尴尬的； 笨拙的； 棘手的； 不方便的 I was the first to ask him awkward questions but there'll be harder ones to come. It was small but heavy enough to make it awkward to carry. Amy made an awkward gesture with her hands. B back vt． 支持 （熟义： n． 背） Many of his friends backed his plan． badly adv． 迫切; 严重 （熟义： 坏） =desperately The boy badly wants a bike． balance:在经济英语中指的是“ 账面余额” （熟义： 平衡） I'd like to check the balance in my account please. ball n. 球； 舞会。 bank n. （河海湖的） 岸， 堤 n. 银行 bar n. 条（长方） 块， 棒， 横木 n. （酒店的） 买酒柜台； 酒吧； （卖东西的） 柜台 charged with ：被指控 Fisher was behind bars last night, charged with attempted murder. 费舍昨晚被关进监狱，罪名是谋杀未遂。 bat n. （棒球、 板球的） 球棒 n. 蝙蝠 bargain: v. 讨价还价； 议价； 名词口语中很常用， 表示 “物超所值的商品” At this price the wine is a bargain. bear v. 承受， 承担； 忍受； 容忍; 携带; 生 (孩子) n. ...the constitutional right to bear arms. The ice was not thick enough to bear the weight of marching men. They will have to bear the misery of living in constant fear of war. Patients should not have to bear the costs of their own treatment. beat (beat, beaten) v. 敲打； 跳动； 打赢 n （音乐） 节拍 In yesterday's game, Switzerland beat the United States two to one. beauty n. 美丽， 美人 before conj． 才； 就 （熟义： 以前） It was a long time before I got to sleep again． I hadn't waited long before he came． I’d die before I give up. Do it before you forget. benefit v. 有益于； 对... 有好处； n. 好处； 优势 ； 救济金 Both sides have benefited from the talks. 双方都从会谈中受益。 Steve didn't have the benefit of a formal college education. 史蒂夫没有得到正规大学教育的好处。 ...the skyrocketing cost of health care and medical benefits. ...医疗保健和医疗福利的成本飙升。 bill n.账单； 法案，会议 （ 美） 钞票， 纸币 blank n.& a 空格， 空白（处） 空的； 茫然无表情的 The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look．陌生人以茫然的眼神回应了我的问候 My mind's a complete blank!我的脑子一片空白 block n. 大块； （木、 石等） 块； 街区 ； 路障 vt. 阻塞； 阻挡 She walked four blocks down High Street.她沿着大街走了四个街区 blocked a main road 堵塞了一条主要道路 Some students today blocked a main road that cuts through the centre of the city. 今天，一些学生堵塞了一条贯穿市中心的主要道路。 blue n. 蓝色 a.蓝色的 a. 悲伤的； 沮丧的 board: 名词最常用的含义是“委员会,董事会”， 动词后面接交通工具则是“上火车， 上船， 上飞机”。 book n. 书； 本子 v. 预定， 定（房间、 车票等） boom n. / v. 繁荣， 轰鸣， 激增 An economic boom followed 随之而来的是经济繁荣 An economic boom followed, especially in housing and construction. 他跳上台阶，推开门的铃声。 Sales are booming. bound adj. 有义务的； 受约束的； 装有封面的;一定的 v 束缚； 跳跃 There are bound to be price increases next year. 明年一定会有物价上涨。 He bounded up the steps and pushed the bell of the door. 他跳上台阶，推了一下门铃 box n. 箱， 盒子； 包厢； 一拳 vi . 拳击 On Friday, boys gathered after school in the backyard of Bryan Campbell (at far left) to wrestle and box. 上周五，放学后，男孩们聚集在Bryan Campbell（位于最左边）的后院摔跤和拳击。 branch: “分支机构” 分校， 分公司， 银行分行” break v. 打破； 折断； 弄坏；（使） 破； 打破（纪录）突破； 破晓 ； n. 破裂； 间断； 间歇 They continued the search as dawn broke. brief: 动词可以表示 “做简短介绍”， 名词则是“短会”。 The chairman will brief the Board on the most recent developments. budget: 日常生活中可以翻译成“购物计划”。 build n． 身材， 体型 （熟义： v． 修建） =figure Perfect body build is what people crave to get. business: 商 业； [贸易] 生意； 企业； 事务 The majority of small businesses fail within the first twenty-four months. If she doesn't want the police involved, that's her business. but: prep 后面接名词时是“除…以外”， “anything but”中文为“就不是…”， “nothing but”则为“就是…” campaign n. 活动； 运动， 战役 During his election campaign he promised to put the economy back on its feet.在竞选期间，他承诺要重振经济。 can n． 罐头 vt． 做成罐头 （熟义： 能） Mother cans fruit． capital n.首都.省会. 大写； 资本 Companies are having difficulty in raising capital. cap: 本身的含义是“帽子”， 表示 “最高部分， 上限” 。 carry v. 拿， 扛； 携带； 支持； 搬运; 传送; 传播 Flowers are designed to attract insects which then carry the pollen（花粉） from plant to plant. 花是用来吸引昆虫的，然后它们把花粉从一个植物带到另一个植物。 cash n. 现款， 现金 vt. 将…兑现； 支付现款 cash a cheque cast: 日常生活中的含义是“铸造， 塑造”， cast a glance at something 看一眼什么东西 somebody ”是“将眼光投向某个事物或某个人”， “ cast light on something =throw light upon”是“提供新信息， 帮助理解”， 而“ cast a shadow on something ”则是“在某件事情上投下阴影”。 case: 通常的含义是“情况“， 如果在法律环境下则是“案例”。 cause n． 事业 （熟义： n． 起因， v． 引起） The UN has done a lot for the cause of world peace． celebrate vt. 庆祝； 举行； 赞美； 祝贺 Do you celebrate life or do you hide in the shadows? ceiling: 在经济和数学用语中通常表示 “上限” 。 cell: 日常生活中， “ cell phone ”是 “移动电话” 的美式用法， 在生物学领域则是“细胞”的意思。 center : “以 … 为中心， 围绕” 。 Their talks always center around politics. chair: 动词的意思是“主持”。 challenge v&n. 挑战； 怀疑 The move was immediately challenged by two of the republics. change . 变化； 找回的零钱 chance: 科技英语中是 “偶然性， 可能性” 的含义， 因此“ by chance ”的意思是“偶然地”。 choice: 形容词的意思是“精选的”。 channel: 动词的含义是 “引导” ， 名词是“渠道， 路径”的意思。 Charge n. 费用； 电荷； 掌管； 控告； 命令； 负载 vt. 使充电； 使承担； 指责； 装载 ； 对…索费； 向…冲去 vi. 充电； 控告； 索价 ； 向前冲； 记在账上 He was arrested on a charge of armed robbery. How much do you charge per unit? Alex had forgotten to charge the battery. circulate 传播， 流传 ； 循环； 流通 The document was previously circulated in New York at the United Nations class n. （学校的） 班； 年级； 课; 阶级； 种类； 等级; 品位[非正式] vt. 分类； 把…分等级； 把…归入某等级 What it will do is create a whole new ruling class. I class myself as an ordinary working person. The most elegant woman I've ever met – she had class in every sense of the word. claim: 主张； 断言； 声称有权： 理应获得； 索赔； 需要。 如果这个词后面接的是人， 表示的含义是“让人丢了性命”。 The earthquake claimed thousands of lives. Now they are returning to claim what was theirs. coat: 生物、 化学及医药用语中是“表面， 外皮”的含义 v. 为。。。加上一层东西 coat fish in flour coach: n. 教练； 旅客车厢； 长途公车； 四轮大马车 vt. 训练； 指导 After her pro playing career, she coached a golf team in San Jose. A coach is a large, comfortable bus that carries passengers on long trips. collect vt. 收集，搜集； 聚集； 募捐 The party depends on whether or not we can collect enough money. Comfort n. 安慰； 舒适 vt. 安慰； 使（痛苦等） 缓和 This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows. They will be able to take some comfort from inflation figures due on Friday. Ned put his arm around her, trying to comfort her. command v & n 命令， 指挥； 控制； 指令; 掌握 "Get in your car and follow me," she commanded. ...an excellent physician who commanded the respect of all her colleagues. ...the struggle for command of the air. ...the French general who commands the U.N. troops in the region. I entered the command into my navigational computer. His command of English was excellent. commercial: adj. 商业的； 营利的； 名词是 “电视商业广告” 的含义， 而“ advertisement ”一般 指报纸中的广告。 communicate v. 通讯， 传达； 相通； 交流； 感染 They successfully communicate their knowledge to others. community: 与其他名词连用表示“界”， 比如 scientific community 就是“ 科技界 ”， 此外复 数 communities 也有“ 社会 ”的含义。 complain: 在很多时候都是“投诉”的意思。 file complaint: 这个词组的含义也是“投诉”。 company n. 有人作伴； 伙伴； 客人（均为不可数） （熟义： 公司） I've really enjoyed your company. Compare v. 相比， 匹敌； 比较 ; 比喻 The flowers here do not compare with those at home. Complex adj. 复杂的； n. 复合体； 综合设施； 建筑群 be committed to something: “ 决心 做某件事情”。 concern vt.涉及， 关系到； 使担心， 使卷入， 使陷入。 n. 关系； 关心； 关心的事 Provision of shelter was their main concern for the disaster victims. concerning prep. 关于； 就…而言 conclude v. 推断； 决定， 作结论； 结束 ; 达成 (协议) The evening concluded with dinner and speeches. Mexico and the Philippines have both concluded agreements with their commercial bank creditors. condition 1. [C] (使某事或另一件事成为可能的)条件， 条款， 约定 One of the conditions for the job is that you should be able to drive. 2 .[sing, U] 某物或某人所处的条件，现状， 状况/ 人的健康状况 be in good, poor, excellent condition, 3. [pl] conditions=circumstances poor working conditions 4. v. 对。 。 。 有 影响 ； 决定 Environment conditions an animal’s development. be conditioned to 中文的含义有点象“习惯于， 受 … 的影响”。 on condition that =only if on no condition = not at all, never condemn vt. 谴责； 判刑， 定罪； 声讨 Political leaders united yesterday to condemn the latest wave of violence. He was condemned to life imprisonment. conduct: 首先， 作为名词， 含义是“ 人的行为， 品行， 举止 ”， 而作为动词， 它的含义与 do 基本一致，但主要用于褒义场合。 She conducted an orchestra of forty instruments. consequence: 本身是“结果， 后果”， 在词组“ far-reaching consequence ”中则是“影响， 重要性”。 consider v. 考虑； 认为； You have to consider what to do next. We don't consider our customers to be mere consumers; we consider them to be our friends. consult v. 查阅； 商量； 向…请教 Consult your doctor about how much exercise you should get. Consult the chart on page 44 for the correct cooking times. After consulting with her daughter and manager, she decided to take on the part, on her terms. Consume 消费， 消耗; 吃; 喝. 烧毁； 毁灭 The fire soon consumed the old wooden buildings in the neighborhood． We need these countries to do the opposite: consume more and save less. Martha would consume nearly a pound of cheese per day. Some of the most efficient refrigerators consume 70 percent less electricity than traditional models. 如果是“ be consumed with ”后面接表示情绪的名词， 则表示 “陷入， 不能自拔 ” Be Consumed With Envy Contain v 包含 ； 控制 ； 容纳 “抑制， 遏制” 。 She could hardly contain her excitement. Contribute v.贡献， 出力； 投稿； 捐献。 需要注意这个词是中性词，contribute to 如果在消极场合中使用， 就是“ 造成， 导致 ”的含义。 Various factors contributed to his downfall. context: 这个词与“ environment ”表示“自然环境”的含义相对， 含义为“（抽象） 环境”， “ in the context ”这个词组在单项词汇填空或者完型中被选的频率还是相当高的。 convey vt. 传达 ； 运输； 让与 。 Please convey my gratitude to her. Your luggage will be conveyed to the hotel by taxi. The land was conveyed to his brother. copy: 动词， “仿效， 模仿”。 Please copy my actions. corner: 动词的含义是“逼迫”， 另外在考试中曾出现过 “ cut the corners ”表示“ 走捷径， 用最 简洁经济的方式做事 ”。 Don't try to corner your friends. correct adj. 正确的； 恰当的； 端正的 v. 改正错误； 批改； 惩治； 克服 。 to correct for an error . ； The teacher returned to her room to correct exercise books. . The mother corrected the disobedient child. . This medicine will correct the pain cost vt． 使失去（生命、 健康等） （熟义： 花费； 值……） The patient's dangerous condition cost the doctors and nurses many a sleepless night． . count vi． 重要； vt． 认为 ［熟义： 数（数目） ］ Every minute counts． . On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife． . course n. 科目； 课程； 过程； 进程； 道路； 路线， 航向； 一道菜; 球场 . Aircraft can avoid each other by altering course to left or right. . The lunch was excellent, especially the first course. . During the course of our conversation, it emerged that Bob had been in prison. . an 18-hole golf course. cover: 1. “掩盖”， 含有贬义， 2. 包括， 涉及； 论及： cover a wide field. 3 负担支付； 够付(费用)： cover all her expenses 4 报道(…的新闻等)： 5 =travel 走（一段 路程） cover 100 miles a day court: v. 动词“追求”， 名词在法律用语中是“法庭”， 体育用语中是“中型球场”， 比如篮球，排球，网球等等。 He has been courting her for the last three months. The hotel has several tennis and squash courts credit: n. 信用， 信誉; 学分 。 词组“ give credit for / to ”总的来说是“表扬， 嘉奖”。 I give them full credit for their work. cross n. 交叉， 十字； 十字架； 叉形记号 v 交叉； 渡过； 横跨； 穿过; 闪过； 越过 (可以被 容忍的限度) adj. 交叉的， 相反的； 乖戾的； 生气的 She was partly to blame for failing to look as she crossed the road. . The road crosses the river half a mile outside the town. I normally never write into magazines but Mr. Stubbs has finally crossed the line. Jill crossed her legs and rested her chin on one fist, as if lost in deep thought. Put a cross next to those activities you like. The general pinned the Military Cross on the brave soldier’s chest. I'm terribly cross with him. critical: “至关重要”， 写作中可以用来替代“ important ”。 cut n&v 切； 削减; 删减; 中断 The first priority is to cut costs. The strike had already led to cuts in electricity and water supplies in many areas. It has been found necessary to make some cuts in the text. D date n. 日期； 约会 vi.过时； 注明日期； 始于（某一历史时期） vt. 确定…年代； 和…约会 I have a date with Bob. I think we can date the decline of Western Civilization quite precisely. His decline dates from last summer. Blue and white always looks smart and will never date. damage: 法律用语中是“赔偿金”的含义。 dawn: 名词表示“黎明; 开始， 来临”， ... the dawn of the radio age. deal: 这个词的构词能力很强， 中文只能随着后面的名词变化， 比如“ deal a heavy blow ”就表示“给 … 以沉重的打击”。 名词： 交易, 协定, 份量 deal with ①与……做生意； ②与……来往③论及 （熟义： 处理； 对付） Japan will have to do a deal with the U.S. on rice imports. I certainly don't deal drugs. Do you deal with Smith， the butcher？ We have no space to deal with such details. decline v. 下降； 衰落； 谢绝; 婉拒 The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000. He declined their invitation. Libraries are an investment for the future and they should not be allowed to fall into decline. defend 保护; 为…辩护; 卫冕 ... a lawyer who defended political prisoners during the military regime. Our duty is to defend the country against its enemies. Torrence expects to defend her title successfully in the next Olympics. degree n . 程度， 等级； 度；学位； 阶层.. This degree will qualify you for teaching Recent presidents have used television, as well as radio, with varying degrees of success. These statements are, to some degree, all correct. It was pointing outward at an angle of 45 degrees. deliver: 1.“发送， 传送”。 多用于发送信息， 消息， 邮件等场合。 2. 放弃； 转让； 引渡； 移交， 交出， 交付(over， up): They delivered the thief over to the police 3. 宣布； 发表； 讲出； The congressman delivers his speech tomorrow morning. 4. “递送” The Canadians plan to deliver more food to southern Somalia. 5. 给 (产妇) 接生 Although we'd planned to have our baby at home, we never expected to deliver her ourselves! depend 依靠,信赖 ,视情况而定 —When will the sports meet be held？ —It depends． I have no idea now． desert: n. 沙漠 v “抛弃”。 deserted: 形容地点表示“荒无人烟的”，形容人的心情则表示 “孤独， 沮丧” The baby's mother deserted him soon after giving birth. At the edge of the desert, he came across a deserted church. desire n. 欲望 v. 渴望， 要求 We desire you to complete the work within one month desperate adj. 不顾一切的； 令人绝望的； 极度渴望的 They'd been married nearly four years and June was desperate to start a family. Thousands are desperately trying to leave their battered homes and villages. The Great Depression had started a decade before, leaving much of the world unemployed and desperate. develop: 这个词的英语解释为“ gradually form / acquire ”， 因此翻译的时候要根据后面的名词来 处理， 比如“ develop an idea ”表示“形成观点”， “ develop a disease ”中文是“得了病”, develop a habit 养成习惯。 develop the reputation develop one roll of film. difficult adj 困难的； 不随和的； 执拗的 I had a feeling you were going to be difficult about this. dig: 动词词组“ dig up ”在考试中经常出现， 是“搜集，发现”的含义。 digest: 动词“理解”的含义。 I have digested most of the important points in the book. direct: adj. 直接的； 直系的； 亲身的； 恰好的 动词含义为“ 针对; 指路； 管理； 指挥； 导演 ”。 Could you direct them to Dr. Lamont's office, please? The abuse was directed at the TV crews. Christopher will direct day-to-day operations. discourage v. 使气馁; 阻拦 ， 阻挠， 阻碍. .. typhoons that discouraged shopping and leisure activities It may be difficult to do at first. Don't let this discourage you. Low prices discourage industry do 将就 , 足够； 造成， 产生， （表示强调） 真地 , 行 （熟义： 做， 制作） —Which do you prefer， coffee or tea？ —Either will do． It makes no difference for me. Do stay a while. Drugs can do harm to you. domestic: 常用的含义两个， 一个是“国内的”， 一个是“家中的”。 draft n. 汇票； 草稿； 选派； （小股） 气 V. 起草； 制定； 征募 He drafted his speech. He drafted his plans for the park. He was drafted as a soldier. dramatically / drastically: “大幅度， 剧烈的” Accounting and banking have changed dramatically in The light of recent developments in computers. draw vt. 画； 拉； 吸引 vi . 拉； 拖. (比赛) 打成平局， 不分胜负 n. 平局； 抽签 A horse draws the cart along. The concert drew a large audience. The match ended in a draw drill: 石油业中名词含义是“钻头”， 动词是“钻井”， 日常生活中是“反复操练”的意思。 drive v. 驱使,驱赶;强迫， n. 欲望； 干劲， 推进力； 快车道； 驱动装置（熟义：驾驶） The recession and hospital bills drove them into bankruptcy. He was driven by necessity to steal. The boys followed Eleanor up the drive to the house. John will be best remembered for his drive and enthusiasm. drop: “放弃” ， 在写图表作文时可以用作 “下降” ， 替代我们经常使用的“ decrease ”。 drug: “毒品”。 due adj. 到期的； 预期的； 应付的； 应得的; 适当的 How much is still due on your car? When does the bill fall [become] due. The results are due at the end of the month. After due consideration ,it was decided to send him away to live with foster parents. duty: 进出口内容中是“关税”的意思。 duty-free 免税的 be dying for 渴望, 极想得到 E earn vt. 赚， 赚得； 获得， 挣得； 使得到； 博得 Companies must earn a reputation for honesty. easy adj． 舒适的， 安分的， 轻松的 （熟义： 容易的） Now we are leading an easy life． eat one's words 收回前言， 认错道歉 （切勿望文生义， 解为“食言”） echo 名词 ， 回声， 启示， 启发 The accident has echoes of past disasters. ； 动词， “ 应和 ， 附和， 流传 ”的含义。 Their views often echo each other. The old story continues to echo down the centuries. economy: “ 节约 ”， 比如词组“ practice economy ”的意思就是“ 节约开支 ”。 The price includes two economy class airfares from Brisbane to Los Angeles. edge n. 边缘； 优势 ； 刀刃； 锋利 ... the sharp edge of the sword. The next version of the software will have the edge over its competitors. on edge, 紧张不安的 employ v． 利用， 使用 (熟义： v 雇佣) The police employed force to open the door. engage vt. 吸引， 占用； 使参加； 雇佣； 使订婚； 预定 vi. 从事； 答应， 保证； 交战； I have never engaged in drug trafficking. They never learned skills to engage the attention of the others. They tried to engage him in conversation. We engaged the services of a famous engineer. Jack is engaged to Ann. I was unwilling to engage on such terms. Reading engages his spare time . Our army engaged the enemy. enjoy v. 喜欢， 乐于； 享受…的乐趣： 享有(权利、 特权、 利益等) ： These workers enjoy a high level of job security. enjoy good reputation enter 进入,加入,开始 , 报名 Have you entered yourself for the sports meet to be held next week？ equal adj. 能成功应付 (某工作、 某情形等) 的 v. 比得上 I'm not sure he's equal to the task. The victory equalled the team's best in history. escape v． 被忘记 （熟义： 逃走） His name escaped me for the moment． established: adj. “ 得到公认， 已经确立的 ”。 a long-established way of doing sth even adj. 不变的； 有规律的, 平坦的 , 公平的 adv. 甚至 The floor must be completely even before we lay the tiles /an even distribution of wealth / Wood burns at a fairly even rate event 1. (偶发)事件； 事变； 发生的事情， 尤指要事， 大事； 值得注意的事物 2. 活动； 社交场合 3. 【体育】 (运动会等的) 比赛项目 The ceremony should be an important, special and serious event in students' lives. The conference was an important social event. The next event will be the 100 metres. excuse v. 免除 ,原谅 Living in the country can excuse you from the worry of the heavy traffic and the polluted environment． exercise n. [常作复数]【军事】 演习; 运用， 行使， 使用， 操作任务; 习惯做法; v. 付之行动， 付之实践，使用 Social structures are maintained through the exercise of political and economic power. General Powell predicted that in the future it might even be possible to stage joint military exercises. You can exercise your right as a citizen. exhaust: “耗尽（自然资源， 精力等等） ”。 We have exhausted all our material resources. expand v. 扩大， 扩展， 使膨胀， 扩展(题目、 论题、 思想等) ； 详谈， 详述 They hope to expand their company. to expand a short story into a novel expect 期望； 指望； 认为； 预料 ； 等待 The weather turns out far better than we expected． I do expect to have some time to myself in the evenings. You cannot expect to like all the people you will work with. I expect you're tired. be epected to do sth = be supposed to do sth 按要求应该做某事 explore v. 1. 探索； 探测； 探险; 考察(某地) 2. 探讨； 调查研究； 仔细查阅； 钻研： 3. 仔细检查。 Let us explore the possibilities for improvement. The surgeon explored the patient. After exploring the old part of town there is a guided tour of the cathedral. The film is eloquent as it explores the relationship between artist and instrument. express adj. 明确的, 高速的 n． 快车 （熟义： v． 表达） Is there an express checkout service? / The express is as swift as an arrow. This mighty electricity-generating power station was built on the express orders of the president. be expert in something: “老练的， 内行的 experience n. [U] 经验 [C] 经历 v. 经历,体验 She says they look for people who have had some work experience, speak some English and want to experience another culture. By not participating, you could be missing a truly life-changing experience. explode: “ 迅速增长 ”， 如果是 “ someone expl odes ” 则是 “ 发怒 ” 的含义了。 be exposed to: “ 接触到 ” 。 容易受到 … ， 易受， 易招致， 易招惹 Children are exposed to too much violence via television. extra adj. 额外的 B． 非常 C． 额外的事物 The workers will get some extra pay if they work extra hours． F fade v 褪色； 凋谢； 逐渐消失; 衰弱 She became ill and slowly faded away. The light faded as the sun went down. far from 远远不是 （熟义： 离……远） His expaination is far from satisfactory. fail v. 1. 失败: 2 . 衰弱， 减弱， 衰退： Her sight is beginning to fail. 3. 失灵， 出故障 ： The brakes failed. 4. ( 义务、 责任等) 未能履行， 玩忽职守， 辜负(期望等) ： She failed in her duty. When I wanted his help,he failed me. 5. Words failed someone 某人说不出话来。 6. fail to do “ 未能 … ， 未做 … ； 疏忽； 漏做(某事) ， 忽略； 忘记 ” 。 She failed to do her duty. 7 没有通过 … 的考试： He failed chemistry. fair adj . 公平的； 美丽的， 白皙的； [气象] 晴朗的 n. 展览会； 市集； 美人 Weather conditions were fair. ...an antiques fair. fall n. 降雨量， 瀑布， 秋天 fancy v&n. 幻想； 想像力； 爱好； 想要 adj. 想象的； 奇特的； 昂贵的； 精选的 Can you fancy him in uniform? I just fancied a drink. My parents sent me to a fancy private school. favor n. 偏爱； 赞同； 善行; 恩惠 vt. 赞成； 更喜欢； 有助于 Will you please do me a favor？ A teacher should not favour any of his pupils. The French say they favour a transition to democracy. I wouldn't be in favour of income tax cuts. Rain favoured his escape. fashion n. 时尚； 时装； 样式； 方式 vt. 使用； 改变； 做成 … 的形状 There is another drug called DHE that works in a similar fashion. That sort of house is back in fashion. She fashioned a necklace from paper clips. feature 1. “以 … 为特色， 特色是 … ”。 a machine featuring a new electronic control device 2. (书刊)特载； (电影)由…主演； a film that features famous actors feel vt. 感觉； 认为； 触摸； 试探 Can you tell what this is by feeling it? He felt his way across the room when the lights went out. fence: 动词“保护， 阻止”。 figure n. 数字； 重要人物； 图形； 价格； 身材 v. 计算； 认为; 露头角， 惹人注目 ; It will not be long before the inflation figure starts to fall. I figured that you wouldn't come. Most women have to watch their figure The movement is supported by key figures in the three main political parties. I'm just figuring my expenses. Reform now figures high on the agenda. / figure out 解决； 算出； 想出； 理解； 断定 I can't figure out what he's trying to say. file: 动词的含义很多， 在“ file complaint ”“ file lawsuit ”等词组中表示“提出投诉”或“提出上诉”。 final adj. 最终的 n. 决赛；期末考试 He's through to the men's tennis final for the first time. Anna sat her finals last summer. fine v． ＆n． 罚款 （熟义： adj． 好的， 晴朗的） She was fined $300 and banned from driving for one month. fire: 动词“ 解雇 ”。 He was fired from his job. firm: “ 小型公司 ”。 fit v 安装； 使……适应； 使……合身； 与……相符 adj. 健康的； 合适的； 恰当的； 准备好的 Let the punishment fit the crime. His training fits him for the job. He was young, good-looking, and physically fit. The food was not fit for human consumption. fix “使固定； 修理； 安装 ； ”。 He fixed a shelf to the wall. 词组“ fix one's eyes upon something ” 表示“眼光紧紧地盯着”。 flood: 动词“ 充斥， 弥漫 ”。 The office was flooded with complaints floor: 和“天花板”相对， 表示“ 最低点 ”。 focus n. 焦点； 中心； 清晰； 焦距 v. 使集中； 使聚焦 All eyes were focused on him. Today he was able to focus his message exclusively on the economy. The UN's role in promoting peace is increasingly the focus of international attention. follow 跟随; 接着 … 发生; 接下来 理所当然; 如下; 理解; 仿效; 听从 (建议、 指示或药法) 信奉 (宗教 或政治主张) Other problems may follow. Take care to follow the instructions carefully. Just because a bird does not breed one year, it does not follow that it will fail the next. What follows is an eye-witness account. Can you follow the plot so far? The winners are as follows: E. Walker; R. Foster; R. Gates; A. Mackintosh. force vt. 促使， 推动； 强迫； 强加 n. 力量； 武力； 军队； 魄力; (物理学中的) 力 To force this agreement on the nation is wrong. The government decided against using force to break up the demonstrations He strengthened US forces in the Gulf. the force of gravity to force a smile 强作笑颜 foreign: “ 陌生的， 不熟悉的， 非天生的 ” 。 She's a very good woman; unkindness is foreign to her nature. The language of finance is quite foreign to me. forward: 动词“ 发送 ”的含义， 以前用于发送电子邮件， 现在基本替代了“ send ”。 –free: 这个词缀与任何名词连用， 中文表示“没有”。 Tax-free,免税 free 没有， 免交； 远离（ 常与 of连用） （熟义： 自由的， 有空的） Most of the roads are free of snow． v. 使免除 ; 使自由， 解放； 释放 It will free us of a whole lot of debt. Israel is set to free more Lebanese prisoners. freeze v． 不许动， 停止走动; 停止增长； （电脑， 手机屏幕） 死机（ 熟义： 冻结， 冻冰） I froze and listened; someone was in my apartment. The government has been forced to cut spending and freeze public-sector wages. Every time you click on a window to shut it down five more windows are opened, ultimately making your computer freeze or even crash. –friendly: 这个词缀放在任何名词后面， 表示“ 充分考虑 … ， 为了 … 的方便 ”。 比如“ user-friendly ”翻译 成“使用方便”， “ environmentally-friendly ”表示“ 有利于环境的， 环保的 ”。 front: “ 前锋， 前沿 ”。 frown at: “ 对 … 感到生气， 不快 ” 。 function n. 功能 v i . 运行； 活动； （作为某物) 起作用 The main function of the investment banks is to raise capital for industry. The authorities say the prison is now functioning normally. On weekdays, one third of the room functions as workspace. fund: n. 基金； 资金； 存款 vt. 投资； 资助 The airport is being privately funded by a construction group furnish: “ 提供 ”。 To furnish an army with food and ammunition G gain: 与很多名词连用， 表示“增加， 变快”， 如“ gain speed /weight”。 game: (野兽、 野禽等的)猎物， 猎获物 ; 阴谋； 策略； 把戏， 花招 gather: “渐渐增长”， 比如词组“ gather speed ”。 general adj. 普通的； 综合的； 总体的； 大概的； 大众的 n. 将军； 常规 I skimmed through it to get a general impression of the text. There has been a general decline in standards. This type of microphone is suitable for general use. The General's visit to Sarajevo is part of preparations for the deployment of extra troops. General cooking and cleaning general cooking and cleaning These courses are based around topics of general interest. . gift: 名词“天赋”， 词组“ be gifted with something ”表示“有 … 天赋”。 grade n.年级； (职员的) 等级； 成绩； 级别； 阶段 vt. 评分； 把 … 分等级 Hampshire College does not grade the students' work. The best grades of tea are expensive. There are lots of jobs in junior grades. What grade are you hoping to get? grasp vt. 抓住； 领会; 理解 ; n. 抓住； 理解； 控制 He grasped both my hands. The government has not yet grasped the seriousness of the crisis. She allowed victory to slip from her grasp. They have a good grasp of foreign languages. ground: n.地面 理由 v. 使停飞, 困在家中, 打基础 . He has strong grounds for more money． All aircrafts at London Airport were grounded by fog. They grounded him for a month, and banned television guide n. 指南 ； 向导； 入门书 Our 10-page guide will help you to change your life for the better. guard against: “防范， 警惕， 注意”， 这个词组是中性词， 在阅读中曾经出现。 given（＝considering） prep． 考虑到 （熟义： 被给予） H handful n. 少数； 一把； Only a handful of Americans -- or any Westerners, for that matter -- have been allowed to go there. handle: 这个词如何翻译， 完全要看后面的名词通常和什么中文动词搭配了。 比如 “ handle the problem ” 表 示 “ 解决问题 ” ， “ handle the crisis ” 则是 “ 应对危机 ” 。 n. [ 建 ] 把手； 柄； hang v. 悬挂； 垂下; 绞死； 悬而未决 The five were expected to be hanged at 7 a.m. on Tuesday. The question about tapping my telephone is still hanging. hard adj. & adv 努力的(地)； 硬的； 困难的； 辛苦的（地 ） ； 确实的； 严厉的； 猛烈的（地） ； 冷酷无情的； . 厉害地 I kicked a rubbish bin very hard and broke my toe. I've never seen Terry laugh so hard. happen v． 碰巧＝chance （熟义： 发生） We happened to discover we had a friend in common. head v． 动身去 （熟义： 头） The ship was heading for Shanghai． hearing: 名词， “听证会”。 help [与 can 或 cannot 连用 ] 避免， 防止， 阻止； 改变， 抑制， 忍住， 控制住 ： Don't make him more angry than you can help. 有助于 The right style of swimsuit can help to hide, minimize, or emphasize what you want it to. hit: 名词“ 轰动一时的事物 ”。 His first big hit was in the movie "Risky Business". Hit the road 上路 hold v. . 拿着 ; 抓住;按住; 使 (自己身体某部位) 保持某种姿势; 存放; 容纳得下; 持有 (观点或信念等) ; 担任 (职务) ; 持有 (许可证、 学位证、 票据等) ; 举行 … . One CD-ROM disk can hold over 100,000 pages of text. Current thinking holds that obesity is more a medical than a psychological problem. home n . 产地； 祖国； (体育比赛的) 主场 adj. 本国的; 主场的; Europe's software companies still have a growing home market. I scored in both games; we tied at home and beat them away. /a home away from home. 像家一样舒适的地方 horizon: “ 眼界， 见识 ”。 Travel broadens one's horizons. host: 动词， “ 主办 ”， 替代过去常常使用的 hold 。 而词组 a host of 则是量词， 表示“ 许多 ”。 house v. 给 … 提供场地; 供 … 居住 The building is open to the public and houses a museum of motorcycles and cars. hunt v& n. 打猎； 搜索 ; 追捕 (罪犯、 敌人等) A forensic team was hunting for clues. I & J regardless of ...or...无论...还... identity n. 身份； 特性； 认同 Passports are frequently serviceable in proving the identity of the traveler. I wanted a sense of my own identity. / national identity impossible adj. 不可能的； 不可能存在的； 难以忍受的 ； Oh, you're just impossible! immediate adj. 立即的； 直接的； 最接近的; 直系的； 紧急的 The most immediate effect of retirement is a dramatic reduction in living standards. immediate family There is an immediate danger of war. impress v. 盖印； 使明白 (重要性或程度) ； 给予某人深刻印象 I had always impressed upon the children that if they worked hard they would succeed in life. to impress one's seal on a letter impressive: 普通含义为“印象深刻的， 好的”， 但如果用于形容建筑物， 则是“ 令人肃然起敬， 庄严肃穆的 ”。 informed: 形容词， 表示“ 消息灵通的 ”。 insist v. 坚持认为； 强调; 一定要， 坚决要求 I insist on his innocence. He insists on it that I go with him. instant: 用于食品饮料， 表示“ 速溶， 即食的 ”。 Instant noodle. instrument n “乐器； 手段， 借助的方法， 工具 ”。 surgical instruments Interest rates are an important instrument of economic policy. instead adv. 而不是； 相反； 而是 Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased. Geoff didn't study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor. intelligence n. n. 智力； 情报 ； According to our intelligence, further attacks were planned. intend v 打算； 想要; ( 为 … ) 准备， 打算使 … (成为) ； 供 … (用) (常与 for， as 连用) : a book intended for beginners. The movie is intended for adults only. interest 利益； 利息； 股份（ 熟义： 兴趣） Does your current account pay interest? Interpret v 口译； 解释 They spoke good Spanish, and promised to interpret for me. Freud's attempts to interpret the meaning of dreams. interrupt v. 中断； 打断； 插嘴； 妨碍 It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking. My studies were interrupted by the war. introduce: “ 引进 ” to introduce a new fashion / 提出(观念、 法案等) ； 建议 ： to introduce a new concept / 带领； 引导 ： to introduce a guest into the parlour / [美国英语] 推销(新产品) ： to introduce a new soap product/ 以 …… 开始 He introduced his speech with a joke． inviting: “吸引人的”。 issue n. 问题； 议题; 流出； 期号； 发行物 v. 发行， 发布； 发给； 放出， 排出 Dillon addressed the issue of child abuse in his speech. Have you seen the latest issue of Times? Silva issued a statement denying all knowledge of the affair. The US State department issues millions of passports each year. Smoke issued from the factory chimneys. item n. 一些物品中的一项; 议程; (报刊、 电视或广播中的) 一篇报道或文章 The store is having a sale on furniture and household items. We went on to the next item on the agenda. I also saw that news item in the Sunday Times. job n． 费力的事情 （熟义： 工作） Waxing the car was quite a job． just: 形容词， “ 公正的 ”。 You have received a just reward. junior adj. 年少的； 后进的； 下级的 n. 年少者， 晚辈； 地位较低者； 大学三年级学生 There are several people junior to me. She married a man seven years her junior. His son, Arthur Ochs Junior, is expected to succeed him as publisher. The junior classrooms. K keen: 首先是“强烈的,热衷的”， 其次是“ 敏锐的 ”。 The blind have a keen sense of touch keep vt． 管理 ； 经营， 照顾； 养活； 饲养 ； 售卖； 遵守 ； 庆祝 （熟义： 保持， 保留） Her grandfather kept a hair dresser's shop ． She could just about afford to keep her five kids. key: “ 关键 ” 。 The key to an entertainer's success is personality. kill vt． 删掉， 除掉， 使难受之极； 消磨时间 （熟义： 杀） Those stairs kill me every time! knock vt． 批评， 说 …… 不好 （熟义： 敲， 打） The critics knocked his latest play． L labour vi． 费力地行走， 干苦活 （熟义： 劳动） They laboured through the thick forest and up the steep hill．
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