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高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit13-14
☆重点句型☆ 1. Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life. 2. Only in this way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life. 3. Each time we celebrate a festival it change a little. 4. It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life. 5. Not all of them are bad for us. 6. Some food does have nutrients. 7. There seems to be no other choice. ☆重点词汇☆ 1．examine vt. 检查 2. energy n. 精力，能量 3. fuel n. 燃料，营养物 4. diet n. 日常饮食 5. product n. 产品 6. mineral n. 矿物 7. function n. & vi. 功能，作用，起作用 8. chemical n. & adj. 化学制品，化学的 9. balance vt. & vi. 平衡 10. supplement n. 补充 11. fit adj. 健康的，适合的 v.适合 12. digest vt. 消化，领会 13. gain vt. 增加，获得 14. sleepy adj. 困乏的 15. tasty adj. 可口的 16. symbol n. 象征 17. conflict n. 冲突 18．argument 7j．争论 19. honour n. & vt. 荣誉，给以荣誉 20. ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗 21. respect vt. 尊敬 22. celebration n. 庆祝 23. light vt. 点燃，照亮 24. faith n. 信任，忠实 25. creativity n. 创造力 26. purpose n. 目的，意图 27. principle n. 法则，原则 28. commercial adj. 商业的，贸易的 29. similar adj. 相似的 30. advise vt. 建议，劝告
☆重点短语☆ 1. make a choice 做出选择 2. now and then 有时，偶尔 3. dross up 盛装，打扮 4. in one's opinion 按照……的看法 5．play a trick on sb．开某人的玩笑 6. take in 欺骗，摄取 7. in the future 未来 8. lose weight 减肥 9. keep up with 与……保持一致 10. be good for 对……有好处 11. be based on 以……为基础 12. be careful with 小心，警惕 13. look into the eyes 坦然地正视某人 14. care about 关心 15. lead / live an unhealthy life 过着不健康的生活 16. be rich in 丰富 17. combine...with... 结合 18. a new cycle of life 轮回转世 19. in other words 换句话说 20. be short of 短缺 短语闯关 下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据 汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才 能过关，你一定能过炎，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我 们就开始吧? 1. ____ food 垃圾食品 2. ____ to 应当，应该 3. plenty ____ 许多，大量的 4. keep ____ with 跟上；赶上 5. ____ a choice 作出选择 6. now ____ then 时而，不时；偶尔 7. roll ____ (使)成卷(或筒、球)形 8. dress ____ 盛装；(乔装)打扮；装饰 9. ____ one's opinion按照……的看法 10. ____ a trick on sb. 开某人玩笑；欺骗某人；捉弄 某人 11. take ____ 欺骗；摄取 12. (be) short ____ 缺乏…… 13. ____ fit 保持健康 14. lose (some) ____ 减肥 15. be harmful ____ 对……有害 16. be careful ____ 小心，警惕，当心 17. in ____ words换句话说 18. make ____ with与……交朋友 19. care ____ 关心 2O. get ____ 下车 21. go ____ 适用于；应用于 22. ____ purpose故意地 23. as ____ as和一一样好；也 24. ask (...) ____ (向某人)要求得到某物 25. be prepared ____ 为……做准备 ☆交际用语☆ 1. I've got a pain here. This place hurts. 2. There is something wrong with ... 3. I don't feel well. 4. Lie down and let me examine you. 5. Drink plenty of water and get some rest. 6. In my opinion, we should ... 7. I hope we can make a decision. 8. I don' t think it is necessary to ... ☆词汇短语☆ 1. balance vt. / vi. / n. 平衡；使平稳 balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的 I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path. 我发现在结冰的路上行走很难保持平衡。 When you learn to ride a bike you must learn to balance. 你学骑自行车时必须学会保持平衡。 [词组]lose / keep one's balance 失去／保持平衡 be in the balance 悬而未决；犹豫 on balance 考虑周全 strike a balance 力求公平 balanced diet 均衡的饮食 2. fit v. 适合 adj. 健康的，适合的 This dress doesn't fit me. 这衣服不适合我。 Your theory fits all the facts. 你的理论与全部事实相符合。 It would be months before he was fit for the job. 他要几个月才能适应这项工作。 You look very fit, Mike. 迈克，你看上去很健康。 [词组] keep fit 保持健康 Martha goes to keep fit classes and does exercises every morning. 玛莎每天早上去健身班上课做体操。 3. light vt. / vi. 点燃；照亮；发出喜悦的亮光 light adj. 轻的 light n. 光线；灯 lighted adj. 点燃了的 He lighted his cigarette，said good night and went out. 他点燃烟，说声晚安就出去了。 One large lamp lit the room. 一只大电灯照亮了整个房子。 [词组] light up 点燃；照亮；变得高兴起来 bring / come to light 为人所知 shed / throw light on 使明白，解释 (to make clear； explain) 4. advise vt. 劝告；建议；忠告 advice [U] 劝告； adviser n. 顾问；劝告者 advise sth. 建议某事/ sb. (not) to do sth. (劝告某人) / doing sth. 建议做某事 / sb. + 疑问词 + 不定式 建议某人怎么样 / (sb.)that + 主语 + (should) do sth. 建议某人应做某事 He advised an early start./ me to start early．/ starting early．/ (me) that I (should) start early. Could you advise me what to do next? 5. dress vt./ vi. / n. (1) vt. A. 给……穿衣服。表穿的动作，用于dress sb. / oneself 结构 She hurriedly dressed her son and took him to the kindergarten. 她匆匆忙忙地给她儿子穿好衣服，然后带他到幼儿园。 B. 用过去分词作表语，表示穿着的状况。 The man is poorly dressed． 那人衣衫褴褛。 C. be / get dressed in 表示穿着……的衣服，后面接表 示衣服或者颜色的词。 The two foreign students were both dressed in Chinese style clothes. 那两个外国学生都穿着中式衣服。 (2) vi. A. 穿衣；穿(夜)礼服，后面常接副词或表示 目的、场合的介词短语。 I'll be ready in a moment; I'm dressing. 我一会儿就准备好；我正在穿衣服。 Few people dress for dinner now. 现在很少有人穿礼服赴宴了。 They all dressed well (badly). 他们都穿得不错(不好)。 B. dress up 穿上盛装，乔装打扮(指欧美人在化装舞 会或演戏时穿的特殊服装)。 Don't bother to dress up. Come as you are. 用不着讲究穿衣服，就穿平常的衣服来吧。 (3) n. 女服；礼服；服装 dress 作“女服”、“礼服”解时是可数名词，作“服装”讲 时，是不可数名词。 At the palace ball, all the women wore their smartest dresses. ☆词语比较☆ 1. pain, ache, hurt 三词都可表示“疼痛”，但pain常作名词，有时也作动 词，可指一般的疼痛。ache常作动词，指局部较持久 的疼痛，是隐痛，作名词常出现在复合词中。hurt只 作动词，常指精神、感情伤害，也指肉体上疼痛。 I have pains (a pain / pain) in the arm. 我手臂痛。 His head aches when the weather is hot. 天气一热，他就头痛。 I was hurt at his words. 我对他的话感到不快。 Does your leg still hurt? 你的腿还疼吗? 2. a bit, a little (1) a bit 和 a little 在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副 词及其比较级，可以换用，表示“一点儿”。如： The speaker spoke up a bit / a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演讲者把嗓音提高一点，以便使别人听得清楚。 (2) a bit 和 a little 在否定句中，意思正好相反。 not a bit = not at all not a little = very much / extremely I'm not a bit tired. = I'm not tired at all. 我一点也不累。 I'm not a little tired. = I'm very tired. 我非常累。 (3) a little 可直接作名词的定语，而 a bit 则要在后面 加 of 构成短语才能作定语，二者都只能修饰不可数 名词。 There's only a little / a bit of food left for lunch. 午餐只剩一点儿食品了。 [注意] a bit of 的复数是 bits of，而a little不能变复 数。 3. in a / one word, in other words, in words (1) in a / one word意思是“简言之，总之”。一般作 插入语，通常位于句首，用逗号与句子隔开。 In a word, we must learn English well. 总之，我们必须学好英语。 (2) in other words 意思是“换句话说”“换言之”，常位 于句首，对前面所说的话进行解释。 You failed the exam this time．In other words, you didn't pass the exam this time. 你这次没有通过考试。换句话说，你这次考试没及 格。 (3) in words 意思是“用语言，口头上”，也可以写为 with words，通常位于句末。 I do not want you simply to promise me with / in words that you will be good. 我并不要求你们只在口头上答应我你们要做好学 生。 I can't describe it in / with words. 我无法用语言来描述。 4. allow, permit, let, promise (1) allow 和 permit 都表示“允许某人做某事”，后面 跟名词、动名词作宾语，跟不定式作宾补。但allow 多表示“听任，不阻止或默许”，即主语对别人所做的 事情置之不管，表示一种“消极”的概念。而permit 多表示一种“积极”的概念，含有“给予某人某种权 利”的意思，多用于正式场合。 We don't allow smoking here. 我们这里不允许吸烟。 Who allowed you to do that? 谁允许你做这件事? Permit me to say a few words. 请允许我说几句话。 Smoking is not permitted here. 此地不准吸烟。 (2) let 表示“让”，多用于口语，“允许”的意味较淡，后 跟不定式作宾补时省略to。 Who let the man enter the room? 谁让那人进来的? (3) promise “答应某人做某事” I promise you to leave. 我答应你(我)走。 [比较] I allow you to leave. 我允许你走。 ☆句型诠释☆ 1. Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life. 我们的饮食习惯已经发生了变化，生活方式也是一 样。 在此句型中 as 相当于 so，表示前一种情况也同样适 合于后一种。从结构上讲so不是代用词，而是在意 义上相当于 too 和 also 的副词，但常常出现在肯定 句中。 He is a student, so is she. "I have made up my mind." "So have I." 如果是否定的形式，常用 nor 和 neither. "I don't like opera." "Neither / Nor do I." 在这两种结构中，前后时态保持一致。 [比较] so l do 和 so do I (用于对上文进一步肯定或 确认。意为indeed, certainly) You asked me to leave, and so I did. 你要求我离开，我这样做了。 You asked him to leave, and so did I. 你要他离开，我也要他离开。 -- You have spilled coffee on your dress. 你把咖啡洒在你的衣服上了。 -- Oh dear, so I have. 啊呀，我把咖啡洒在我衣服上了。 You have spilled coffee on the table, and so have I. 你把咖啡洒在桌子上了，我也把咖啡洒在桌子上了。 [注意] so it is/ was with...句型的用法。 如果一句话中既有肯定的意思又有否定的意思，且 时态混杂时，我们常用so it is / was with sb. Mr. Smith came to China five years ago and he is used to living in China now. So it is with his wife. 史密斯先生五年前来到中国，他现在习惯了中国的 生活，他妻子也是一样。 2. Only in this way will we be ready for the challenges anti opportunities in life. 只有用这种方法我们才能准备迎接生活中的机遇和 挑战。 “Only + 状语 + 谓语 + 主语 + 谓语的另一部分 + 其 他”是一个典型的倒装句形式。其中的状语可以是 副词，介词词组和状语从句。这种倒装句属于部分 倒装，只将情态动词、助动词和系动词放在主语的前 面，谓语动词的其他部分放在主语之后。 Only by studying hard can you improve your study. 只有通过努力学习才会提高你的成绩．． Only when you are 18 can you have the right to vote. 只有你到了18岁才有选举权。 [注意] Only teachers can use this computer. 不是倒装 句，在此句中only修饰的是名词。 3. Each time we celebrate a festival, it changes a little. 每一次我们庆祝一个节日，我们都会改进一一点。 Each time 引导一个时间状语从句。 Each time / Every time / The first time / The last time / The moment / The minute + 从句 + 主句 这是名词词组引时间状语从句的常用句型。 Each time / Every time I meet him, he always carries a book. 我每次见他，他总是随身拿着一小书。 The last time I saw the boy, he was reading by the riverside. 我最后一次看到那个男孩时，他正在河边读书。 The moment / The minute you see him, please tell him the exciting news. 你一见到他，请告诉他这个激动人心的消息。 4. It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life. 它不是一个伤心的口子，而是一个庆祝生命循环的 时刻。 not…but 意为“不是……而是”，即否定前者，肯定后 者，not 所连接的成分和 but 所连接的成分要对等，即 名词对名词，动词对动词，介词短语对介词短语。 You should pay attention not to what they say but to what they do. 你不应该注意他们说什么，而应该注意他们做什么。 当not...but连接两个主语时，其谓语动词的数要求 与第二个主语保持一致，也就是就近原则。 Not you but I anl to blame. 不是你而是我要受责备。 5. Not all of these are bad for us. 并非所有这一些对我们都不好。 该句子是部分否定形式。 当all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及 every + 名词都表示全部肯定；no one, none, nobody, nothing, not...any，以及no + 名词都表示 全部否定。但当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不 定代词的句子中，不管not在它们之前或之后，都表 示部分否定。 Both of them haven't read this story. = Only one of them has read this story. 并非他们俩都看过这个故事。 All bamboo doesn't grow tall. = Not all bamboo grows tall. = Some bamboo grows tall, but some doesn't. 并非所有的竹子都长得高。 [注意] ① any所修饰的名词或由 any 构成的复合小 定代训作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定形式。也就 是说，我们只能说not...any，但不能说any…not。 如： Anything can't stop him going there. × Nothing can st()p him going there. √ 任何事都不能阻止他上那儿。 ② 总括性副词，如 everywhere，always，altogether (全 然地)，wholly和not连用时，也表示部分否定。例： Such a thing can't be found everywhere. 这种事并非到处可见。 Such a thing can be found nowhere. 这种事什么地方也见不到。 6. There seems to be no other choice. 似乎没有其它的选择。 在 There be 的句型中，可用其他的动词。如： There used to be曾经有... / happen to be 碰巧有…… There seem / appera to be 似乎有…… There happened to be a traffic jam, so I was twenty minutes late this morning. 今天早晨碰巧有一起交通堵塞，因而我迟到了20分钟。 There seems to be raining, for there is black cloud in the sky． 天似乎要下雨了，因为天上有乌云。 ☆ 精典题例 ☆ ( )1. -- ____ David and Vicky ____ married? -- For about three year. (2003北京) A. How long were; being B. How long have; got C. How long have; been D. How long did; get 【解析】选C 本题考查1. 延续性动词的用法。2. 动 词短语 be married，get married 的区别。根据回答"For about three years." 可知应提问两人结婚(到现在)已多久 了，须用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；再排除B项，get married当作非延续性动词使用，不能和表示一段时间的 状语连用，不能用How long来提问。Be married 表示延续 的状态。 ( )2. It is believed that if a book is ____, it will surely ____ the reader. (2003 上海) A. interested; interest B. interesting; interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest 【解析】选D 本题考查动词interest及它的非谓语 动词的不同意义，首先interest可做动词用，表示“让人产 生兴趣”，其次interesting为adj.，表示“令人感兴趣的”， 而interested也为adj.，表示“某人感到有意思，对……发 生了兴趣”。根据题意，故选D。 ( ) 3. -- When shall we start? -- Let's ____, it 8:30. Is that all right? (2002 北京) A. set B. meet C. make D. take 【解析】选C 本题考查固定词组“make it”。意思为 “实现目标．成功”。本题意为“确定时间在8点半”。 ( ) 4. All the people ____ at the party were his supporters. (2002 北京) A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important 【解析】选A 本题考查形容词短语present at the party作定语，题中的present是形容词，表示“出席的、到 场的”意思时，作定语常常后置。 ( ) 5. ____ you call me to say you're not coming, I'll see you at the theatre. (2004 全国) A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless 【解析】选D 此题考查连词的非谓语形式的用法。 根据上下文的意思及逻辑关系，可知答案为D (Unless = If not)。 ( ) 6. Let's keep to the point or we ____ any decisions. (2004 全国) A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached 【解析】选A句型“祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句”中， 陈述句部分的时态用一般将来时。 ( ) 7. I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and hright. (2004 全国) A. this B. that C. it D. one 【解析】选C it指代天气。 ( ) 8. -- You forgot your purse when you went out. -- Good heavens ____. (2002 上海) A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did 【解析】选B 本题主要考查选项A和选项B的区 别：选项A表示“也一样”，而选项B表示“赞同”，所以根 据题意应选Ijl ( ) 9. Mrs Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera, ____? (2002 上海) A. is he B. isn't he C. doesn't she D. does she 【解析】选D 本题要考查的是考生能否找出句中的 主语是谁：Mrs Black doesn't believe这是主句的主语和谓 语。而her son is...是宾语从句，所以反意疑问句应根据主 句的主语和谓语来提出。故答案为D。若这种句型的主 句主语为第一人称，反意疑问句应根据从句的主语和谓语 来提出。如：I think / believe / suppose / guess / wonder则： I think we are out of danger, aren't we? ( )10.Some passengers complain that it usually ____ so long to fill in travel insurance documents. (2003 上海) A. costs B. takes C. spends D. spares 【解析】选B cost常用物来做主语。表示“花费”或 “代价”，"spend" 和 "spare" 的主语，通常都为人，分别为“花 费”和“匀出”之意，而 take 做花费解时，主语通常都为it， 故选B。 |
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