2020年英语听说考首考将在2019年12月21日开始,距离现在已经只剩不到一个月的时间了。北京中考在线团队在考试来临之前,为大家收集整理了英语考试中常见的短语和固定句式,供参考!
1. live读作【laiv】时,意为“活的”,或者“实况转播”,一般作定语,在句中一般只修饰物,不修饰人。 例如:Don't touch it. It's a live snake. 2. lively意为“生气勃勃的,(色彩)鲜艳的”,常作定语、表语或宾语补足语,既可指人,又可指物。 例如:The lecture is very lively. 3. living可作形容词,意为“活着的,现存的”,强调说明“健在”,常作表语或定语,多用于指物,也可指人。 例如:The old woman is still living. 4. alive意为“活着的”,侧重生与死之间的界限,常作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语,多用于指人,也可指物。 例如:She was alive when they took her to the hospital.
1. 被动语态的含义 英语中有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 例如:Many people speak English. (主动语态,谓语speak这一动作是由many people来执行的) English is spoken by many people. (被动语态,主语English是speak这个动作的承受者) 2. 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的be动词同样有时态、人称和数的变化。 3. 被动语态的用法 当说话者不知道动作的执行者或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,只需要强调动作的承受者,可以使用被动语态。如果需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时一般用介词by引出。 例如:Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world. 4. 一般现在时的被动语态 ①一般现在时的被动语态的结构为:主语(动作承受者)+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他部分。助动词be随人称、数的变化而变化。 例如:The desk is made by him. Bananas are produced in Hainan. ②主动语态变为被动语态时,要做如下变动: step1:主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语; step2:主动语态中的谓语动词变为被动语态中的谓语动词; step3:主动语态中的主语变为介词“by”的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动语态中的谓语动词之后。若动词的执行者无须说明或不必强调时,by组成的短语可省略; step4:主动语态变为被动语态时,时态要保持一致。 主动句:主语+谓语+宾语 Most middle school students play football. 被动句:主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语 Football is played by most middle school students. ③一般现在时的被动语态的句式变化:
1. 一般过去时的被动语态的构成
2. 含有使役动词(make/let/have)或感官动词(hear/see等)的句子,在主动语态中这些动词后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补,但在被动语态中,to需要再加上。help在主动语态中to可加可不加,但被动语态中一定要加。 例如:The baby was made to laugh at last. He was seen to run into the classroom by his classmates. 1. It's + 形容词 + (for sb.) to do sth,意为“(对某人来说)做某事是...的”,其中it作形式主语,句子的真正主语是不定式短语to do。句中的形容词是描述动词不定式的,这类形容词有:important,necessary,easy,difficult等。 例如:It is hard for me to finish my homework today. 2. It's + 形容词 + of sb to do sth.意为“某人做某事是…的”,此句式中的形容词描述人的性格、品质的,这类形容词有:polite,nice,kind,good,friendly等。此句式可以改为sb. be +形容词+ to do sth. 例如:It is nice of you to help me. You are nice to help me. 1. 肯定句式 主语 + will/be going to + be + 及物动词的过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者) 例如:The apple trees will be planted by us tomorrow. The sports meeting is going to be held next week. 2. 否定句式 主语 + will not/isn't going to/aren't going to + be + 及物动词的过去分词(by+动作执行者) 例如:The apple trees will not be planted by us tomorrow. The sports meeting isn't going to be held next week. 3. 一般疑问句式 Will + 主语 + be + 及物动词的过去分词(by + 动作执行者)? Is/Are + 主语 + going to + be + 及物动词的过去分词(by + 动作执行者) 例如:Will the apple trees be planted by us tomorrow? Is the sports meeting going to be held next week? which引导的定语从句通常用来修饰物,which在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语时通常可省略。 例如:The building which is the oldest is our school. (作主语) This is the book (which) you want.(作宾语) The house (which) we live in is not large.(作宾语) 【注意】 1. 介词后面的which不能省略。 例如:The room in which there is a machine is a workshop. 在含有介词的动词词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前。例如:This is the watch which he is looking for. 2. who引导的定语从句用来修饰人,who在从句中作主语(口语中也可作宾语),作主语时不可省略,作宾语时通常可省略。 例如:This is the man who helped me.(作主语) The boy (who) we saw yesterday is John’ s brother.(作宾语) 【助记】定语从句的关系词 定语从句其奇妙,关系代(副)词来引导 物用 which人用who,人物均有that顾。 【拓展】当先行词是物时,我们可用which或that引导定语从句,但下列情况宜用that引导定语从句: ①先行词为all,few,little,much,the one,something,anything,everything,nothing等时。 例如:We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered animals and plants. ②先行词本身是形容词最高级、序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。 例如:This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen. ③当先行词既指人又指物时。 例如:Mary took photos of the things and people that she was interested in. ④先行词被 the only,the very,the last 等修饰时。 例如:This is the only paining in this style that we have. ⑤主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 例如:Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster? |
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