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Uday Purohit是Neptunus的创始人和总经理 由DCD中国授权DKV编译并发表于DeepKnowledge微信公众号。 印度对数据的需求正在飙升，因此数据中心的数量正在迅速增加。新的超大型基础设施的耗电量更大，而且大多数采用T4保证设计。遗憾的是，印度国内电网供电在容量、可靠性、供电质量等方面一直跟不上。 因此，印度95%以上的数据中心实际上依赖于备用柴油发电机频繁使用。但有时候它也就是一个备份而已，让人情何以堪？ 问题的解决方案数据中心设计中都是保障数据中心持续运行。当电网停电时，柴油发电机组作为应急备用电源应在25秒内启动，以避免运行数据中心中断。然而，当发电机停止工作时候，给运维团队带来很严重责任。n 1冗余的标准设计实践也不能避免这种可能性。 推迟启动不是由于发电机组本身原有造成的，而是由于燃料管理系统不足。不幸的是，在项目设计和执行过程中，这一方面可能会被忽略或被低估，因为在项目设计和执行过程中，重点仍然放在诸如发电机组本身这样的实务和昂贵的设备本体上。 本文详细讨论了燃油管理系统的目标、组成、设计以及在避免宕机方面的价值。除了新的系统设计外，还包括对现有系统的改进措施。 电源架构 数据中心的主要电源为市电，市电停电后由数据中心的备用发电机组供电。发电机组供电，除了发电机本体外，供电系统还包括燃料（柴油）的现场储存和处理，燃料（柴油）带有地下储罐和连接到发电机房的管道系统。 在市电停电后，发电机供电系统将切换到机房的供电系统。由电池供电的UPS系统为IT负载提供中间应急电源备份。冷水机组没有直接备用电源，因此柴油备用电源需要尽快启动和提升，以承担整个负载。 燃料管理系统 如果发电机组无法快速启动，可能是由于燃料管理系统设计存在问题。 从本质上讲，柴油会随着时间的推移而变质。如果保持闲置(无论是在储罐或柴油发电机本身)，降解速度更快。如果这些降解的燃料被输入发电机组，将会导致污泥形成、过滤器堵塞和其他一些问题。 在包括印度在内的许多市场，有使用“清洁燃料”的趋势，这种燃料的含硫量较低。与生物柴油和其他添加剂混合，可以确保清洁燃烧和减少有害排放。这在原则上是一个很好的举动，但它也会造成潜在的麻烦，因为这种清洁级的柴油在长时间储存在油箱里时，容易更快地分解和沉淀。 燃料管理系统在燃料处理的各个阶段提供关键的控制，从油罐车卸货的入口到储罐之间的中间流动，通过管道网络供应，中间油罐和供应到发电机组。将这些处理操作留给人工判断可能会出现错误。燃料质量和传输的自动化测量和控制将提高效率、可靠性和成本优化。 如何改造它？对于任何具有超大容量和T4可靠性的新一代数据中心，必须使用成熟的燃料管理系统。但是，即使对于较老的数据中心，这也是一个值得的改进，以保持竞争力和避免宕机事故。老旧数据中心的燃料管理系统升级理由如下:
燃料管理系统是什么？数据中心场地的燃料管理包括： 质量： 在柴油的整个生命周期中，从进入油罐或者油箱到在发电机组中消耗，保持正确的燃油质量至关重要。 容量： 这在很大程度上取决于诸如运行所需的备份电源的时间和可用的总空间等因素。 其他因素： 包括CCoE和CPCB规范设计要求。其他关键因素包括：自动监测燃油油位、检测泄漏和安防系统、测量油耗并提供实时信息。 考虑的重点燃料管理系统的关键目标之一是在整个系统中提供干净的过滤过的燃料。从储油罐到日用油箱，这是通过一个燃料过滤装置来实现的，它可以帮助过滤掉杂质，如固体颗粒、进水、污泥和沉淀物。它不仅在进/入口过滤燃料，而且在整个油箱的燃料循环过程中也过滤燃料。燃油清洁系统的主要好处是:
有时，为了防止喷油器堵塞，在日用油箱和发电机之间安装了附加的精密过滤系统。 通过设计，燃料管理系统在储罐和发电机房间之间设置了冗余管路，两条管道确保不会出现单点故障。当主用管路出现故障时，系统自动切换到备用路线。 柴油是一种昂贵的燃料，任何偷盗都是相当昂贵的。燃料管理系统包括多个检查站和计量，以保持燃料消耗的准确核算。如果需要，这也有助于测量发电机组的效率。 储油罐的设计可容纳足够的燃料，使发电机能运行48小时。然而，在这种备份储存的条件下，都是突然情况下，需要燃油管理系统将在长时间停机的情况下提供油箱的快速给油。 从安全的角度来看，燃料管理系统采用了诸如易熔连接阀之类的技术，这些技术在发电厂发生火灾时能够更快地疏散日用油箱。在发电机房内的管沟下设置一个溢水槽也有助于避免火灾。 燃油管道上的泄漏检测系统有助于检测漏油。它可以连接到中央建筑管理系统（BMS）来发出警报。 最后，还要求燃料管理系统控制围栏和出入，为敏感燃料储存和装卸区域提供足够的安全和保护。 关键参数1. 储罐区 (1) 为了更好的安全性，首选地下储罐 (2) 油箱容量（标准90kL-IS10978标准或使用要求/空间要求） (3) 储罐尺寸13-14m长x 3.15-3.45m高 (4) 冗余N 1 (5) 厂区考虑 (6) 消防系统 (7) 为地下储罐提供适当的接地系统 2. 燃料过滤装置 3. 输油泵 4. 与发电机房室有关 5. 燃油消防安全系统 结论数据中心的停机成本比任何其他行业都要贵得多。沉淀、杂质、降解和水垢造成的燃油污染是导致柴油发电机故障的主要因素。Uptime Institut）和汽车工程师学会等领域专家高度重视燃油清洁和过滤，以确保发电机组的可靠运行。 一个严谨和设计良好的燃料管理系统确保备用电源解决方案能够以非常高的可靠性、响应性和较低的运行成本运行。这不仅适用于新项目，而且还可以改装到现有的数据中心基础设施中。 英文原文 Fuel management problems could be causing downtimeUday Purohit is founder and managing director of Neptunus Demand for data in India is soaring and hence the number of data centers is increasing rapidly. The new hyperscale facilities are much more power hungry and designed with Tier IV levels of uptime assurance. Unfortunately, the grid power in the country has not been keeping pace in terms of the capacity, reliability and quality of power supplied. As a result, more than 95 percent of data centers in India are practically dependent on frequent use of diesel generator (genset) backup power system. But at times even this backup. Whom do you blame? The challenge and the solution There should be no room for downtime in a data center design. In the event of a grid power outage, the emergency backup power of diesel gensets should start in less than 25 seconds to avoid interruptions in operations. However, at times these gensets may just refuse to respond as expected, causing the worst nightmare for the data center operating team. The standard design practice of n 1 redundancy also can’t avoid this possibility. The delay in start-up or scaling-up is not due to the genset itself, but is often a result of an inadequate fuel management system. Unfortunately, this aspect may get ignored or underplayed during the project design and execution where the focus remains on highly visible and costly elements like the genset itself. This paper discusses the fuel management system in detail including its objectives, components, design and value in avoiding costly downtime. As well as being designed into new facilities, a system can also be retrofitted in an existing data center. Power supply architectureThe primary source of power at the data center is typically the local power grid. In case of a grid power interruption (which is not so uncommon in India), a backup power source is essential. This is fulfilled through a diesel generator power plant within the data center premises. This also includes on-site storage and handling of fuel (diesel) with underground tanks and anetwork of pipelines connected to the generator room. In the event of grid outage, an automatic mechanism will seamlessly switch the facility from grid power to diese; power. An intermediate emergency power backup is provided by a battery operated UPS system for the IT load. No direct backup power is available for the CRAH (computer room air handler) and chiller units in the server room, so the diesel backup power needs to start and ramp-up as fast as possible to take over the entire load. Fuel management systemIf gensets fail to start or to synchronize quickly, it can be due to an inadequately designed fuel management system. By nature, diesel fuel deteriorates over time. If it is kept idle (either in a storage tank or inside the diesel generator itself) the rate of degradation is faster. If this degraded fuel is fed into the genset, it will lead to sludge formation, clogging of filters and several other problems. In many markets including India, there is a trend towards the use of ‘clean fuel’ which has lower sulphur content. Blended with biodiesel and other additives, this can ensure clean burning and reduce harmful emissions. This is a good move in principle, it is also a cause of potential trouble because, this cleaner grade of diesel is prone to faster decomposition and sedimentation when stored for a long time in the tank. A fuel management system provices critical controls at various stages of fuel handling, right from the intake at the tanker unloading bay to intermediate movement between the storage tanks, supply through a network of pipelines, day tank and final supply into the genset. Leaving these handling operations to manual judgement can allow errors. Automated measurement, and control of fuel quality and transfers will enhance efficiency, reliability and cost optimization. Can you retrofit it?For any new generation data center with hyperscale capacities and Tier IV reliability, use of a full-fledged fuel management system is mandatory. But even for older data centers, it is a worthy upgrade to consider so as to stay competitive and avoid costly downtime in the future. Some of the reasons why older data center should go for the upgraded fuel management system are listed below:
What's in a fuel management system?Fuel management at the data center site involves management of: Quality: Maintaining the right fuel quality is crucial across the life cycle of diesel from the moment it enters the storage tank till its consumed in the genset. Capacity: This largely depends upon factors like how long the backup power is required to run and the overall space available. Other factors: Regulatory guidelines inlcuding CCoE and CPCB govern the design. Other key factors include; automatic monitoring of fuel levels, detection of leaks and theft, measurement of fuel consumption and providing real time insights Points to ponderOne of the key objectives of the fuel management system is to provide clean filtered fuel throughout the system, from storage tank to the day tanks. This is achieved by a fuel polishing unit that helps filter out impurities like solid particles, water ingress, sludge and sedimentation.. It not only cleans the fuel at the intake/entry point but also during circulation of fuel across the tanks. The key benefits of a fuel polishing system are:
Sometimes, additional fine filtration system are included between day tank and engine to prevent injectors from choking. By design, the fuel management system provides redundancy in the piping network between the storage tank and the day tank in the generator room. Two routes of piping ensures mean there is no single point of failure. The system switches automatically to the alternate route uf the primary one can’t be used. Diesel is a costly fuel and any pilferage can be quite expensive. The fuel management system incorporates multiple check-points and metering to maintain an accurate accounting of fuel consumption. This is also helpful in measuring the efficiency of gensets if required. The storage tank is designed to hold enough fuel to run the facility for up to 48 hours. However, anticipating situations where this storage may not suffice, a fuel management system would provide for the rapid bunkering of the tanks in case of prolonged shutdowns. From a safety viewpoint, the fuel management system incorporates technologies like fusible link valves that evacuate the day tanks more quickly in case of fire in the power house. A spillage tank arrangement under the pipe trench inside generator room will also help avoid fire. A leak detection system across the fuel pipeline helps detect oil pilferage. It can be connected to the central building management system (BMS) to raise alarms. Finally, the fuel management system is also required to provide adequate security and protection of the sensitive fuel storage and handling areas through fencing and secured access control. Key components1. Tank Yard - Provide for turning radius of the oil tanker - Provision of “dike wall” around each tank 2. Fuel polishing unit 4. Related to the DG Room 5. Fuel Fire safety system (1) Piping design (2) Tank isolation / Dike walls between two tanks (3) Fire hydrant system for tank yard (4) Fire alarm system and sprinkler system (5) Fire cordons between bays inside generator room (6) Explosion proof electrical equipment (eg light switches) inside tank yard ConclusionThe cost of downtime in a data center is far more expensive than in any other industry. Fuel contamination due to sedimentation, impurities, decomposition as well as water ingrace are the main factors causing malfunctioning of diesel generators. Domain experts such as the Uptime Institute and The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) place a high degree of importance on fuel cleaning and polishing to ensure reliable operation of the generator set. A robust and well designed fuel management system ensures that the backup power solution will be able to operate with very high reliability, responsiveness and at a lower operating cost. This not only applies to new projects, but can also be retrofitted into existing data center facilities. 公众号声明： |
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