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非谓语动词完成式的用法
非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和现在分词)的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系。如：
1. The storm left, _____a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
分析：选D。因The storm与cause是主动关系，排除选项A;不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B和C;因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前，所以用完成式。
2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _____advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
分析：选 A。因people与take advantage of是主动关系，排除选项B和D;take不会发生在谓语are signing up之前，不用完成式，排除C。
非谓语动词用作伴随状语
在通常情况下，表伴随情况的应用现在分词。如：
1. “You can't catch me!” Janet shouted, _____away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
分析：选B。现在分词作伴随状语。
2. He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted
分析：选 A。因为he与note是主谓关系，且note与谓语动词glanced的动作同时发生，所以用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。
3. Daddy didn't mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____fun.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
分析：选 D。用现在分词表伴随情况。
说明：有时过去分词也可表伴随(注意过去分词同时还表被动关系)，但高考很少考查此用法。如：He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。
非谓语动词用作目的状语
在通常情况下，用作目的状语只能是不定式。如：
1. “Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure, _____it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.”
A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get
分析：选 B。作目的状语只能用动词不定式。
2. ____ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.
A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out
分析：选 A。作目的状语要用动词不定式。
3. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____a look at the sports stars.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
分析：选 C。“看看体育明星”是“在体育馆外等三个小时”的目的，作目的状语只能用动词不定式。
非谓语动词用作结果状语
1. 用现在分词表结果。如： He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。
Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
分析：选B。伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作结果状语。
2. 用不定式表结果。如：
He returned home to find his wife waiting for him. 他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。
He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
分析：选 A。因为only to do是习语，意为“结果却，不料”，hurried和find是先后发生的两个动作。
非谓语动词用作宾语补足语
原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。如：
1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise_____.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
分析：选A。作with的宾语的补足语要用非谓语动词，排除选项B和C;与谓语动作同时发生用现在分词作宾语补足语，排除表示将来的不定式选项D。
2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had i _____often enough
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
分析：选D。宾语it与explain是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，have st done意为“请人做某事”。
非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题
按照英语习惯，非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致，否则就应调整句子结构。如：While watching television, _____.
A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
分析：选C。因为watching的逻辑主语一定是we，排除选项A和B;又因在hear后作宾语补足语的是省略了to的不定式，所以选项D中的rings是错误的。
非谓语动词用作主语的问题
原则上说，动词用作主语，只能是不定式或动名词，不能是分词形式。这类考题命题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查，同学们做题需引起注意。如：
It's necessary to be prepared for a job interview; _____the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
分析：选D。动名词短语用作主语。
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