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成才路上 奥数国家级教练与四名特级 教师联手执教。 完形填空考查对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查对短文的阅读理解能力。是中高考常见的一种题型，是中学生最为棘手的题型之一。所以学习在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力就显得非常重要，下面介绍一点完形填空的考察题型和答题技巧，后面还有例题解析哦~ Ø 考查题型 完形填空题的两空之间一般相隔7-10个词，短文第一个句子一般不设填空题。 1、上下文直接信息题。 2、词义辨析题。 3、词、句、意结合题。 4、语法知识和固定短语考查题。 5、行文逻辑和全文中心把握题。 对于完形填空，通常做题者从总体上把握文章主旨，接受作者所传达的信息与情感，针对完形填空，提出了各种多层次、全方位的理解技法，其中以总体把握法、词语搭配法、语法判定法、语境联想法、举例对比法最为重要。
1.总体把握 要通读完形填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。 2.弄清体裁 文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果。 3.重视主题句 完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。 4.语境联想 利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。 Ø 解题技巧 1.词语搭配 （1）从语法角度来说，句子不是词的序列，而是词组的序列。 （2）因搭配关系而产生的一般性词汇。如：see a film （3）词序和意义皆以固定的复合词和动词短语。如：push ahead with(奋力前行)。 （4）因词组而构成的常见的句式：It feels+形容词+不定式，在搭配判断时，注意：要区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up等。要区别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. The book cost me a lot. It took three men to lift the box.句中都有“付出、花费、需要”的意思。译成汉语时似乎相通。但更要注意它们之间的搭配变化；要注意单个词组的多义性。如：take off有“脱下(衣服)，(飞机)起飞，匆匆离开，取下，休假等多种含意。 2.语法判定 （1）要注意出现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。选择各类词时，要注意以下几个方面：
（3）在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法
3. 例举对比 在完形填空的多项选择中，常常会遇到难以选择的题目。需要调动头脑里的知识“储备”，例举熟知的语言现象与之相比较，再做出明智的选择。 Ø 解题过程
Ø 范例解析思路 例一： Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, __1__ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn__2__? It is not__3__to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their __4__. Many people learn English because it is__5__in their work. Some young people learn English__6__their higher studies because some of their books are__7__English. Other people learn English because they want to __8__newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to __9__ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very__10__in our life. 1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other 2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese 3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice 4. A. books B. classes C. schools D. subjects 5. A. good B. useful C. fine D. pleased 6. A. for B. of C. to D. from 7. A. in B. with C. at D. of 8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read 9. A. go B. work C. like D. come 10. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helpful 解题思路：首先，通览全文。通过通览全文，便知本文讲述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同，目的各异。其次，本着先易后难的原则开始填空，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。 1. 选B。some...other(s)...意思是“一些……另一些(泛指)”；some...the other(s)...意思是“一些……另一些(特指)”。由语境可知，在学英语的学生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。 2. 选A。根据上下文可知是English。 3. 选B。由文章内容来看，人们学习英语的原因多种多样，因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。 4. 选D。由常识可知，English是学生学习的科目(subject)之一。 5. 选B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语，那是因为English在他们的工作中很有用(useful)。 6. 选A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词for在此可表示目的、原因。 7. 选A。in English是习惯搭配。 8. 选D。“读报”英语习惯说read newspapers。 9. 选B。根据语境及句子结构，有些人学习英语或想出国(go to a country)或想在这些国家工作(work in a country)。 10. 选D。末句点题，'英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的(helpful)'。 最后，复读检验。将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，如果语句通顺，语意清楚，便结束本题，转做其它试题。 最后须提醒大家一点，做好完形填空题并非一日之功。我们应从平日学习中做起，多积累，勤学苦练，方可成功！ 例二： parent, tell, call, celebrate, together, why, start, after, shop, newspaper Most people buy lots of presents just before Christmas. But some people think we buy too much. They have started a special day (1) _______ Buy Nothing Day. They don’t want anyone to go (2) _______ on that day. Buy Nothing Day is November 29. It is (3) _______ Thanksgiving. Often, before Christmas we see many ads in (4) _______ and on TV (5) _________ us to “buy, buy, buy!” The idea for Buy Nothing Day (6) _______ in Vancouver, Canada. Now people all over the world (7) _______ Buy Nothing Day. In California, the US, (8) _________ and children get (9) _______ to read stories, sing songs, and draw pictures. The children talk about (10) _______ they don’t need a lot of toys. 本文是向考生介绍一个特殊的日子——Buy Nothing Day，因此第1空应填called。既然是Buy Nothing Day，那就应该是不让人们“购物 (go shopping)”。第3空考查常识，Buy Nothing Day的日期是November 29，应该在Thanksgiving之后，故此空白处应填after。“看见广告”通常应在报纸上或电视上，因此第4空白处应填newspapers。结合文意可知第5空白处应填写一个动词，并且能用动词不定式作复合宾语，此动词应是tell，此处应用“动词-ing”形式，即telling。第6空白处所在的句子是介绍Buy Nothing Day的起源，是过去的事情，应用started。现在，世界各地也像庆祝其他节日一样来庆祝Buy Nothing Day，因此第7个空白处应填写celebrate (庆祝)。第8空白处应填parents与children对应。第9空白处应填together与动词get构成get together短语，意思是“团聚”。第10空白处应填why来澄清“they don’t need a lot of toys”的原因。 Ø 完形填空实战练习 完形填空（一） The purpose（目的）of students 1 come to school is to study. But 2 needs right way or we would waste the time or the money. The followings are ways for studying. The 3 time for reading is morning. Because in the morning, the air is fresh and our minds are clear. For that reason, we can get good results. When we study we must be patient（有耐性的）. If we don’t understand a text well, we must read it again. We should not read the next 4 we have learned the first one well. When we are studying, we must put our hearts 5 the book. We cannot read absent-mindedly(心不在焉地), or we could get 6 from the book while we are reading. We must always ask “why”. If it is not 7 understood, write it down and ask our teachers or parents, brothers or friends, in 8 possible way. We must know it completely and then our knowledge can 9 well. Though there are many ways for studying, 10 , the above mentioned(提到的)will be quite enough if we can keep them in heart.
完形填空(二) Mr Brown was a rich shopkeeper. He 1 a lot of money to his son Jim when he was dying. The young man often 2 his friends to dinner and several years later he spent all the money on the 3 food. Now he got into trouble and nobody came to him. It made him 4 and he went to ask a clever old man for advice. “My money has 5 and my friends have gone,” said the young man. “What will happen to me now?” “Don,t 6 , young man,” answered the old man. “Everything will soon be all right again. 7 and you will soon feel much happier.” 8 this, the young man was very glad. He asked, “Am I going to be 9 again if I don’t like working?” “No,”said the old man.“I 10 you will soon get used to being poor and having no friends.”
参考答案 完形填空(一) 1—5 ACCBB 6—10 DABDB 完形填空(二) 1—5 BCDAB 6—10 ACCCA 《成才路上》，由江苏省数学名师、数学奥林匹克国家级教练员，联手四名特级教师共同打造。 |
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