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新型冠状病毒：Novel coronavirus，此次的病毒也可以加上疫情爆发的年份，直接缩写为：2019-nCov90K答案圈 肺炎：Pneumonia90K答案圈 确诊病例：Confirmed cases90K答案圈 疑似病例：Presumptive cases90K答案圈 自我隔离：Quarantine yourself，生活中更口语的用词是isolate, stay in isolation 保持隔离状态90K答案圈 传染疾病：Contagious diseases90K答案圈 病毒爆发：Virus outbreak，spread是一个比较口语的表示病毒传播的词90K答案圈 被感染：be infected by90K答案圈 戴口罩：wear mask90K答案圈 N95口罩：N95 mask90K答案圈 医用口罩：medical mask90K答案圈 勤洗手：wash hands frequently and thoroughly90K答案圈 使用消毒剂：use disinfection90K答案圈
(CNN)A new Chinese coronavirus, a cousin of the SARS virus, has infected more than 200 people since the outbreak (爆发） began in Wuhan, China, in December. Scientist Leo Poon, who first decoded the virus, thinks it likely started in an animal and spread to humans.90K答案圈 'What we know is it causes pneumonia （肺炎） and then doesn't respond to antibiotic（抗生素） treatment, which is not surprising, but then in terms of mortality （死亡率）, SARS kills 10% of the individuals,' Poon, a virologist（病毒学家） at the School of Public Health at The University of Hong Kong, said.90K答案圈 The World Health Organization offered guidance to countries on how they can prepare for it, including how to monitor for the sick and how to treat patients.90K答案圈 Here are seven things you should know about a coronavirus.90K答案圈 【What is a coronavirus】90K答案圈 Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic（人畜共患病）, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.90K答案圈 Coronavirus symptoms（症状）90K答案圈 The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild（轻度） to moderate（中度） upper respiratory tract illness（上呼吸道疾病）, similar to a common cold. Coronavirus symptoms include a runny nose, cough, sore throat, possibly a headache and maybe a fever, which can last for a couple of days.90K答案圈 For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia or bronchitis90K答案圈 [brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs]（支气管炎）.90K答案圈 There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly.90K答案圈 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome（中东呼吸综合征）, also known as the MERS virus, was first reported in the Middle East in 2012 and also causes respiratory problems, but those symptoms are much more severe. Three to four out of every 10 patients infected with MERS died, according to the CDC.90K答案圈 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome（严重急性呼吸综合征）, also known as SARS, is the other coronavirus that can cause more severe symptoms. First identified in the Guangdong province in southern China, according to the WHO, it causes respiratory problems but can also cause diarrhea（腹泻）, fatigue （疲劳）, shortness of breath, respiratory distress （呼吸窘迫） and kidney failure （肾衰）. Depending on the patient's age, the death rate with SARS ranged from 0-50% of the cases, with older people being the most vulnerable.90K答案圈 How it spreads90K答案圈 Viruses can spread from human contact with animals. Scientists think MERS started in camels, according to the WHO. With SARS, scientists suspected civet cats （狸猫） were to blame.90K答案圈 When it comes to human-to-human transmission of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with the infected person's secretions（分泌物）.90K答案圈 Depending on how virulent（有毒的）the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause exposure. The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes. Caregivers （护理人员） can sometimes be exposed by handling a patient's waste, according to the CDC.90K答案圈 |
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