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强调句用it is...that还是It is...when的问题

 青葱忆 2020-07-13

It was later when I began to realize he had many good qualities that I lacked, but we made up and became frieds again.

从句子意思和结构上看,本句属于强调句型,强调了时间副词later,应把when改为that。

It was later that I began to realize he had many good qualities that I lacked, but we made up and became frieds again.

make up为固定词组:“和解,言归于好”。

【补充解答】

《薄冰英语惯用法词典》(p.435)指出,在“it is(或was)...that”强调句型中,“被强调部分是地点或时间状语时,一般用that。如果这个状语是副词或介词短语省略介词时,表示地点可用 where,表示时间可用 when 。例如:It was Shanghai where our Party was founded. 我们党是在上海成立的。 / It was July,1921 when our Party was founded. 我们党是在1921年7月成立的。/ It was yesterday when he bought an English book.他是在昨天买了一本英语书。”

——看到黎老师引用薄冰教授的这个观点,我想补充几句:

首先,我不赞同薄冰教授的这个说法。

1. 薄冰教授是国内比较正统的语法学家。一般而言,英语语法研究到一定的程度,似乎感觉比较乏味,不那么新鲜了。到了晚年,也开始喜欢“猎奇”。

2. 关于强调句型,大家都非常熟悉,具体变化格式不再赘述。关于能否使用where和when引导的问题,时而也有讨论,见诸报端。薄冰教授认为:“如果这个状语是副词或介词短语省略介词时,表示地点可用where,表示时间可用 when”。

我认为,所为“副词”,实际上这个词本身也是“名词”,或者说兼而有之(如:yesterday, last week, this month),所谓“介词短语省略介词”,其实还是名词。这个时候用where和when引导就不足为怪了。因为表面上看是强调句,实际上是定语从句,这是用定语从句的模式理解为强调句。

3. 根据上述分析,我们进行以下句式变换:

第一组:

(1) Our Party was founded in Shanghai.

(2) It was in Shanghai that our Party was founded. (强调句)

(3) It was Shanghai where our Party was founded. (定语从句,被理解为强调句)

因为句(3)本质上是定语从句,所以无法还原。Shanghai是地点名词,不是地点副词。如果转换成非强调句,则是:

Our Party was founded Shanghai. (正确吗?)

第二组:

(4) Our Party was founded in July, 1921.

(5) It was in July, 1921 that our Party was founded. (强调句)

(6) It was July, 1921 when our Party was founded. (定语从句,被理解为强调句)

因为句(6)本质上是定语从句,所以无法还原。因为July, 1921是时间名词,不是时间副词。如果转换成非强调句,则是:

Our Party was founded July, 1921. (正确吗?)

第三组:

(7) He bought an English book yesterday.

(8) It was yesterday when he bought an English book.

因为yesterday本身既是“副词”,也是“名词”,它使用时不需要任何介词。这个时候就出现了模凌两可的情况,可以借用定语从句的模式说成强调句。因为yesterday 本身也是“名词”,when引导定语从句未尚不可。

至于later,它纯粹是一个时间副词,其强调句是不能用when 引导的。

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