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2017年9月25日，美国临床肿瘤学会《临床肿瘤学杂志》在线发表英国剑桥大学、安格利亚鲁斯金大学、埃克塞特大学、伦敦大学学院的研究报告，根据两项全国患者问卷调查，分析了不同性取向人群的癌症风险。 该研究首先根据全科患者问卷调查（GPPS）反馈者的79万6594例人群数据，分析了不同性取向女性和男性最近5年内自行报告的癌症诊断率。 该研究其次根据癌症患者问卷调查（CPES）反馈者的24万9010例医院数据、国际疾病分类第十版（ICD10）38种不同常见和罕见癌症诊断，以乳腺癌和前列腺癌为基准，对女性和男性进行归类，分析了不同性取向不同部位癌症发生率。 该研究最后使用逻辑回归对上述两项分析按性别分层并根据年龄进行校正。 结果发现，非异性恋与异性恋相比：
因此，大样本证据表明，除了某些HPV和HIV相关癌症之外，癌症部位分布与性取向相关性不大，这些发现强调了接种HPV疫苗对于不同性取向人群的重要性。 J Clin Oncol. 2017 Sep 25. [Epub ahead of print] Associations Between Sexual Orientation and Overall and Site-Specific Diagnosis of Cancer: Evidence From Two National Patient Surveys in England. Saunders CL, Meads C, Abel GA, Lyratzopoulos G. Cambridge Centre for Health Services Research, University of Cambridge; Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge; University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter; University College London, London, United Kingdom. PURPOSE: To address gaps in evidence on the risk of cancer in people from sexual minorities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used data from 796,594 population-based English General Practice Patient Survey responders to explore the prevalence of self-reported diagnoses of cancer in the last 5 years among sexual minorities compared with heterosexual women and men. We analyzed data from 249,010 hospital-based English Cancer Patient Experience Survey responders with sexual orientation as a binary outcome, and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth, Revision, diagnosis as covariate—38 different common and rarer cancers, with breast and prostate cancer as baseline categories for women and men, respectively—to examine whether people from sexual minorities are over- or under-represented among different cancer sites. For both analyses, we used logistic regression, stratified by sex and adjusted for age. RESULTS: A diagnosis of cancer in the past 5 years was more commonly reported by male General Practice Patient Survey responders who endorsed gay or bisexual orientation compared with heterosexual men (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.49; P < .001) without evidence of a difference between lesbian or bisexual compared with heterosexual women (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.37; P = .19). For most common and rarer cancer sites (30 of 33 in women, 28 of 32 in men), the odds of specific cancer site diagnosis among Cancer Patient Experience Survey respondents seemed to be independent of sexual orientation; however, there were notable differences in infection-related (HIV and human papillomavirus [HPV]) cancers. Gay or bisexual men were over-represented among men with Kaposi's sarcoma (OR, 48.2; 95% CI, 22.0 to 105.6), anal (OR, 15.5; 95% CI, 11.0 to 21.9), and penile cancer (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.9 to 3.7). Lesbian or bisexual women were over-represented among women with oropharyngeal cancer (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.7 to 6.0). CONCLUSION: Large-scale evidence indicates that the distribution of cancer sites does not vary substantially by sexual orientation, with the exception of some HPV- and HIV-associated cancers. These findings highlight the importance of HPV vaccination in heterosexual and sexual minority populations. PMID: 28945501 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2017.72.5465
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