【原】一起来历劫 | 四六级 Day 10

 - Saturday- 

对话框回复“早安”或者“morning"，获取清晨元气满满的英文金句

有书英语共读发起“四六级历劫”计划

三个月带你飞升上神！

真题再现

原文阅读节选：

As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.

I hate tipping. I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.

单词

ban

英  [bæn]   美  [bæn]

vt. 禁止，取缔

n. 禁令，禁忌

obligation

英  [ɒblɪ'geɪʃ(ə)n]   美  [,ɑblɪ'ɡeʃən]

n. 义务；职责；债务 

disguise

 英  [dɪs'gaɪz]  美  [dɪs'ɡaɪz]

vt. 掩饰；假装；隐瞒

n. 伪装；假装；用作伪装的东西

virtually

英  [ˈvəːtʃʊəli]   美  [ˈvɜrtʃuəli]

adv. 事实上，几乎；实质上

词组

for a living

为了生存；为…谋生 

in favor of

有利于；支持；赞同

living wage

最低生活工资；糊口工资

原文阅读翻译

我靠写有关饮食的文章为生，我无法告诉你关于比尔·佩里的事情，或者他卖的啤酒是否真的物有所值。但我能确定的是，我喜欢这个人。因为他计划禁止给小费，转而选择给他服务员们支付实际的基本生活工资。

我讨厌给小费。我讨厌它，因为这种义务被伪装成了一种选择。我讨厌它，因为餐后还要计算该给多少小费。但我讨厌它，最主要的原因是，我认为员工的工资就应该由老板来决定，就像几乎所有其它行业的惯例一样，这样我会感觉更舒服。

阅读练习

1. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?

   A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.

   B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.

   C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.

   D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.

2. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?

   A) It sets a bad example for other industries.

   B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.

   C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.

   D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.

翻译练习

汉译英：

我们要考虑顾客是否应该支付更多小费来提高服务质量.

解析

1

As a person /who writes about/food and drink /for a living, I couldn’t /tell /you /the first thing /about Bill Perry /or whether the beers/ he sells are /that great.

我靠写有关饮食的文章为生，我无法告诉你关于比尔·佩里的事情，或者他卖的啤酒是否真的物有所值。

解析：

1. 本句中as作为介词引导一个名词短语，表明主语人物的身份。who 引导定语从句，限定person。

2. whether the beers/ he sells are /that great，其中首先要注意whether和if的区别。

whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用.

如：

I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you.

但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定区别.

1）whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能；

2）当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if；

3）whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能；

4）whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能；

5）whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。

2

But I can /tell you /that I/like this guy. That’s/ because /he plans to /ban tipping /in favor of /paying his servers /an actual living wage.

但我能确定的是，我喜欢这个人。因为他计划禁止给小费，转而选择给他服务员们支付实际的基本生活工资。

解析：

1.  I can tell you that… 

其中tell接双宾语，that引导宾语从句。

2.注意：in favor of的意思有三个：“赞成”、“有利于”和“让位”。

例：

Are you in favor of this new project？

你是否赞成这个新计划？

I am in favor of stopping work now.

我赞成现在停止工作。

The Prime Minister resigned in favor of a better candidate．

首相辞职以让位给更合适的人选。

3

I hate tipping. I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option.

我讨厌给小费。我讨厌它，因为这种义务被伪装成了一种选择。

解析：

在because引导的原因状语从句中，disguised做定语修饰obligation，一般过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句. 

4

I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me.

我讨厌它，因为餐后还要计算该给多少小费。

解析：

for表示原因，可以引导名词或句子，语气相对较弱。

5

But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.

但我讨厌它，最主要的原因是，我认为员工的工资就应该由老板来决定，就像几乎所有其它行业的惯例一样，这样我会感觉更舒服。

解析：

本句中有if引导的条件状语从句。

在该句中if从句表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。

如：

If I were you, I would invite him to the party．

如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。

I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic．要不是交通堵塞，我本会来得早一些。