Attention please! 语法填空作为高考英语的必考题型,主要考查我们的语法积累和运用能力。在积累了众多语法知识的基础上,相信同学们已经有了一些做这道题的能力和技巧,那怎么才能保证我们做这道题准确率高而且速度快呢?下面我们将对语法填空题型进行考点梳理。 和高考的亲密接触 给同学们10分钟的时间,一起来挑战一下吧! According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 2 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die) early by running. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be) more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try. 同学们能否总结出语法填空这个题型知识点考查的方向和重难点呢?针对这个题型,同学们在做题的时候都会遇到什么问题?和小伙伴们一起讨论一下吧! 考点一 名词 考查内容 (1)n and n并列 例如:His kindness and _____(achieve)impressed me. (2)(a/an/the)+adj+n 例如:The _____(express)in his eyes told me something was wrong. (3)介词+n Several proposals are under _____(consider). (4)形容词性物主代词+n (5)序数词+n It is the third _____(describe)about the bird. many/several+可数名词复数 much+不可数名词 some/a lot of/lots of+可数名词复数/不可数名词 名词变复数变化规律 1.一般情况,加-s; 如map-maps 2.以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词,加-es; 如:bus- buses 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i再加es; 如:baby- babies 牛刀小试 1. For most of us the______(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work. 2.I\\\\\\'d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese______(painting). 3. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top______(attract). 4.The nursery team switches him every few_______(day) with his sister. 考点二 动词 考查方向 Tom ______(play)football yesterday. I saw the boy ______(play)near the river. The story is very ______(interest). 如果括号中给的提示词是动词时,首先判定考查的是谓语动词、非谓语动词还是词性转换。 考查内容 一、谓语动词 1、判定考查谓语动词的依据 (1)逗号不能连接两个句子。 例如:Two years ago,he went to the Great Wall. (2)在一个简单句中,只能有一个谓语或并列谓语。 例如:He walked into the classroom. He walked into the classroom and began his class. He walked into the classroom whistling a popular tune. 2、谓语动词考察方向:时态、语态、主谓一致 (1)时态 判断依据: ①如果该空所在的句子中有时间状语,则依据时间状语判断相应的动词时态。 例如:He __________(write)eight books so far. ②如果该空所在的句子中有并列谓语,则保持并列谓语的时态一致。 例如:He got up early and _____(go)to school. ③如果上述两种情况都不存在时,则根据上下文的时态正确选择谓语动词的时态。 (2)语态 判断谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是主动还是被动关系,从而选择谓语动词语态是主动语态还是被动语态。 被动语态谓语动词形式:be done 例如:All the employees ______(encourage)to work online at home. (3)主谓一致 ①如果主语是单数,那么谓语动词也是单数;如果主语是复数,那么谓语动词是复数。 ②就近原则。通常使用就近原则的词组有or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,There be句型 例如:Either you or I _____(be)happy. ③就远原则。通常使用就远原则的词组有:名词或代词┼with,along with,together with,as well as,rather than,as much as,but,expect 例如:Tom as well as his friends ____(be)invited to the party. 总结:谓语动词时态、语态、主谓一致做题思路: 1、要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词;若是谓语动词, 2、要判断用哪一种时态 3、要根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是被动语态 4、要注意主谓一致,最后才能确定所填动词的形式。 在确定谓语动词的时态时,我们可从三个方面来进行判断: 1、看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句; 2、在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时; 3、根据上下文时态判断谓语动词时态 牛刀小试 1、Three people ______(take)to a hospital,while others were treated at a local clinic. 2、At that time,soda pop was sold in bottles,and they were washed and _____(fill)again. 3、There_____(be)a book and two pens on the desk. 4、Two years ago,the three of us _______(go)up to Mt.Lushan. 5、It was raining lightly when I _______(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn. 二、非谓语动词 1、判定考查非谓语动词的依据: 根据概念(在一个句子中,除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式称为非谓语动词) 2、非谓语动词的形式及意义 基本形式:to do 表示将来、目的、主动 变化形式:to be done 将来、被动 doing 表示进行、主动 being done 进行、被动 done 表示完成、被动 having done 完成、主动 having been done完成、被动 3、非谓语动词的做题思路 (1)判定是否是非谓语动词。(根据非谓语动词的概念) (2)找逻辑主语,分析逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的主动被动关系。 (3)分析非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的时间先后关系。 (4)根据非谓语动词的基本形式和变化形式及其所表达的意义,判定出最终非谓语动词的形式。 4、非谓语动词的固定搭配 (1)doing做主语 例如:playing with his friends makes him happy every day. (2)only to do表示出人意料的结果 例如:He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left. (3)主语+be+adj+to do 例如:The cake is easy to make. (4)have trouble/problems/difficulty+(in)doing sth/with sth (5)It takes sb some time/money to do sth (6)跟to do形式作宾语 (7)跟doing形式作主语 (8)介词后加doing形式作宾语 牛刀小试 1.I enjoy _______(climb)mountains whenever I can find the time to do so. 2.It took years of work_______(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water. 3. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _______(be) late for school. 4. Abercrombie& Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people_______ (live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 5. He lent me some money,________(hope)that I could help him. 三、词性转换 动词转换为名词、形容词或副词 1、动词转换为名词 (1)n and n并列(2)(a/an/the)+adj+n (3)介词+n(4)形容词性物主代词+n (5)序数词+n many/several+可数名词复数 much+不可数名词 some/a lot of/lots of+可数名词复数/不可数名词 2、动词转换为形容词 (1)形容词作表语 (2)形容词作定语,修饰名词或代词 例如:She gave us a ______(surprise)look. 3、动词转换为副词,修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子。 例如:_____(luck),he didn’t hurt himself. 牛刀小试 1.What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _____(able). 2.There are _____(amaze)stories of instant transformation. 3.Now people are still _______(interest)in Nessie. 4.You will be ______(surprise) to find you’re gaining weight. 考点三 形容词、副词 考查方向 1、形容词、副词的判定及两者之间的词性转化 2、形容词、副词的比较级、最高级 形容词使用情况:修饰名词、代词或者放在系动词之后作表语 副词使用情况:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 形容词变副词规律 1.一般情况下直接加“y”;如: quick- quickly, 2.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y; 如:possible-possibly; probable-probably; incredible-incredibly 3.以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i加ly; 如happy-happily;heavy-heavily 4.少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly;如true-truly 形容词比较级、最高级变化规律 1单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er和-est构成;如:tall--taller--tallest 2以e结尾的单词加r/st;如 wide--wider--widest 3以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,把y变为i,再加er/est; 如:busy-busier-busiest 4以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的单词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er/est;如big-bigger-biggest 5部分双音节词,多音节词在词前面加more或most;(比较级more+adj;最高级most+adj) 如: interesting-more interesting-most interesting 不规则变化 good/well-better-best bad/ill-worse-worst many/much -more--most. little/few-less-least far--farther/further--farthest/furthest 牛刀小试 1.Abercrombie &Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it________(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 2. The river was so polluted that it _______(actual)caught fire and burned. 3. Fans from around the world gathered_______(cheerful)to celebrate their love of Hello Kitty. 4.The secretary arranged_______(convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an Interview. 5.As the Chinese old saying goes:“It is_______(good)to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.” 相信大家在经过了语法填空的考点梳理之后,做题已经游刃有余了,给同学们10分钟的时间,来做一下下面的题吧! 举一反三 1. What I\\\\\\'ve learned over the years is that learning to accept each other’s faults is one of the most important_______(key) to creating a healthy, growing, and lasting relationship. 2. Taking a shower often_______(need) a lot of water. 3. She_______(work) for seven months at a child care center in the Harlem area of New York city when she was 20 vears old. 4.Shortly after he borrowed this book, he._______(call) to London to continue his research. 5. Yangshuo_______(be) really beautiful. 6. You\\\\\\'d better write down her phone number before you_______(forget) it. 7. Many children around the world live in the areas where adults_______(regular)smoke. 8.Children with parents who smoke have smaller lungs and________(many) illnesses. 9. One people was killed, and several were_______(serious)hurt. 10. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was_______(miss). 11. Please answer the question_______(use) another way. 12 Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision_______(make)at the meeting will influence the future of our company. |
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