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我们正在精读国外经典骨科书籍《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》，想要对于骨科英文形成系统认识，为以后无障碍阅读英文文献打下基础，请持续关注。
Infection In open injuries, and following internal fixation, there is always a risk of infection. Prophylactic antibiotics and careful attention to the principles of fracture surgery should keep the incidence below 2 per cent. If the bone does become infected, the patient should be treated as for an acute osteomyelitis. Antibiotic treatment may suppress the infection until the fracture unites, at which time the femoral nail can be removed and the canal reamed and washed out. However, if there is pus or a sequestrum, a more radical approach is called for: the wound is explored, all dead and infected tissue is removed and the nail as well; the canal is reamed and washed out and the fracture is then stabilized by an external fixator. Replacement of the external fixator by another intramedullary nail can be risky, and much depends of the nature of the infecting organism (its sensitivity or resistance to antibiotics), the length of time during which the infection has been present and the quality of the surgical debridement. The long-term management of chronic osteomyelitis is discussed in Chapter 2. ---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》 重点词汇整理： Prophylactic antibiotics and careful attention to the principles of fracture surgery should keep the incidence below 2 per cent. 预防性使用抗生素，并注意骨折手术的原则，可以将（骨感染的）发生率控制在2%以下。 Prophylactic /ˌproʊfəˈlæktɪk/n. 预防性药物（或器具、措施）；预防法；避孕用具adj. 预防性的，预防疾病的 Prophylactic antibiotics预防性应用抗生素 acute osteomyelitis急性骨髓炎 chronic osteomyelitis慢性骨髓炎 suppress /səˈpres/vt. 抑制；镇压；废止 suppress the infection抑制感染 pus /pʌs/n. 脓；脓汁 sequestrum /sɪˈkwestrəm/n. 腐骨片；[外科] 死骨 radical approach 激进的方法 external fixator外固定支架 surgical debridement.外科清创术 /di'bri:dmənt/n. [外科] 清创术；扩创术；创伤切开法 chronic osteomyelitis慢性骨髓炎 百度翻译： 感染 在开放性损伤和内固定术后，总是有感染的风险。预防性使用抗生素和注意骨折手术的原则，应将发病率控制在2%以下。如果骨头确实感染了，病人应该被当作急性骨髓炎来治疗。抗生素治疗可以抑制感染，直到骨折愈合，这时可以取出股骨钉，扩孔和冲洗根管。然而，如果有脓液或死骨，则需要更彻底的方法：探查伤口，取出所有死亡和感染的组织，同时取出指甲；将椎管扩孔并冲洗干净，然后用外固定器固定骨折。用另一个髓内钉替换外固定器是有风险的，这在很大程度上取决于感染微生物的性质（对抗生素的敏感性或耐药性）、感染持续时间的长短以及手术清创的质量。 慢性骨髓炎的长期治疗在第二章讨论。 |
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