 If you are neurotic and anxious, your dog may be feeling the stress, too. 如果你有点神经质和焦虑，你的狗可能也会感到压力。 Numerous studies have found that dogs and their owners can experience synchronized emotions and stress levels, especially during acutely stressful or exciting activities such as competitions or police work. 许多研究发现，狗狗和它们的主人能够体验到同步的情绪和压力水平，尤其是在压力极大或令人兴奋的活动中，比如比赛或警察工作。  A new study followed dogs and their owners over the course of months to see how stress hormones in both animal and human changed over time. 一项新的研究对狗及其主人进行了为期数月的跟踪调查，以观察动物和人类的应激激素是如何随着时间的推移而变化的。 The results suggest that dogs may be quite sensitive to human stress. 结果表明，狗可能对人类的压力相当敏感。 "If the owner is stressed, then the dog is also likely to mirror that stress," explains Lina Roth, a professor at Linkoping University in Sweden and an author of the study published today in Nature's Scientific Reports. “如果主人感到压力，那么狗狗也很可能反映出这种压力，”瑞典林雪平大学教授莉娜·罗斯解释道，她是今天发表在自然科学报告上一篇文章的作者。  Roth and her colleagues surveyed 58 dogs and their owners. 罗斯和她的同事调查了58只狗和它们的主人。 Owners answered questions about traits including extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism and openness. 主人回答了有关性格特征的问题，包括外向、随和、神经质和开放性。 They also were asked to fill out surveys scoring their dogs on traits such as excitability, responsiveness to training, aggression and fearfulness. 他们还被要求填写调查问卷，对他们的狗的兴奋性、对训练的反应能力、攻击性和恐惧等特征进行打分。 The researchers then took hair samples from the dogs and their owners to test for the stress-related hormone cortisol. 然后，研究人员从狗和它们的主人身上提取了毛发样本，以检测与压力有关的激素皮质醇。  "Cortisol is incorporated in hair as it grows, so we get kind of a retrospective of our cortisol secretions," Roth explains. 罗斯解释说:“随着头发的生长，皮质醇会进入头发，所以我们可以回顾一下自己的皮质醇分泌情况。” They found that dog cortisol levels seemed to mirror the personality traits of their owners. 他们发现狗的皮质醇水平似乎反映了主人的性格特征。 "It was the owner's personality that influenced the dog's hair cortisol level, rather than the dog's personality itself," Roth says. 罗斯说:“正是主人的性格影响了狗的毛发皮质醇水平，而不是狗的性格本身。” The correlation was stronger between dogs and owners who compete together than it was between owners and dogs who don't. 狗和狗主人之间的相关性比狗主人和狗主人之间的相关性更强。 "When it comes to competing dogs, it could actually be that they spend more time together, and that this training could increase this emotional closeness," Roth speculates, though she adds that "this is a correlation, so we really don't know the mechanism behind this." 罗斯推测:“当涉及到参赛的狗狗时，实际上可能是因为它和主人花更多的时间在一起，而这种训练可以增加这种情感上的亲密感。”不过她补充说，“这是一种相关性，所以我们真的不知道这背后的机制。” Roth says she would like to do follow-up studies looking at more dog breeds — this research focused on border collies and Shetland sheepdogs. 罗斯说，她想对更多的犬种进行后续研究——这项研究主要关注边境牧羊犬和喜乐蒂牧羊犬。  She is also interested in how owner gender might influence the results. 她还对主人性别会如何影响结果感兴趣。 This study included only female owners. 本次研究只包括了女性狗主人。 Rosemary Strasser, a behavioral neuroendocrinologist at the University of Nebraska, Omaha, who has studied connections between dogs and humans, says the new research is exciting and that it raises further questions about how dogs and humans influence each other emotionally. 内布拉斯加州大学奥马哈分校的行为神经内分泌学家罗斯玛丽·斯特拉瑟研究了狗和人类之间的关系，她说，这项新研究令人兴奋，它提出了关于狗和人类如何在情感上相互影响的进一步问题。 One big question: Could dogs also influence human stress levels over time? 一个大问题是:随着时间的推移，狗也会影响人类的压力水平吗?  "Especially with dogs being used as service or support dogs for individuals," Strasser says, "if you place a confident, outgoing dog in a home, how does it influence the personality of that owner? Is it always one-directional? That would be a very interesting further extension of this." 斯特拉瑟说:“特别是在狗被用作个人服务或支持狗的情况下，如果你把一只自信、外向的狗放在家里，它会如何影响主人的性格?总是单向的吗?这将是一个非常有趣的进一步扩展。” Previous research has suggested that the personality and attitude of a dog owner can influence how emotionally attached that person becomes to their pet. 此前的研究表明，狗主人的性格和态度会影响主人对宠物的感情依恋程度。  "A person who likes dogs and wants a dog will interact with that dog differently than a person who may be given or exposed to a dog that they don't necessarily want," Strasser says. 斯特拉瑟说:“一个人如果喜欢狗，想要一只狗，那么他与这只狗的互动方式就会与一个不想要狗的人不同。” Both researchers caution that dog owners should not read the new research results and worry that their personalities are harming their animals. 两位研究人员都提醒说，养狗的人在阅读了新的研究结果后，也不必担心他们的个性正在伤害他们的动物。 The study doesn't suggest, for example, that neurotic humans are causing their dogs to act neurotically, as well. 例如，这项研究并不表明，神经质的人也会导致他们的狗表现得神经质。 "I don't think you should be anxious that, if you're stressed, you might harm your dog," Roth says. “我认为你不用担心如果你有压力，你可能会伤害你的狗，”罗斯说。 "Instead, your dog is a social support for you, and you are a social support for the dog." “相反，你的狗是对你的社会心理支持，你也是对狗的社会心理支持。” 问题 文中提到研究员们通过哪种激素来测试狗狗的压力水平呢？ 留言回复正确答案，前十名朋友可以获得红包奖励哦，赶快来试试吧！ END 感谢关注 跟amber一起看世界 |
|
|
