英语各种时态的被动语态

近年来对被动语态的考查是高考的热点之一，特别以考查其与动词各种时态相结合的题型为主，并且体现在上下文语境当中。因此，本文通过对近年来有关被动语态的最新高考试题的归纳和分析，让学生了解和掌握被动语态在各种时态中的具体运用。

一、一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + done (指及物动词的过去分词)

【考例 1】 Sean's strong love for his country is ___ in his recently published poems. ( NMET 2006上海春季 )

A. relieved B. reflected C. responded D. recovered

解析：本题考查形近词汇的辨析。relieve解脱，减轻；reflect反映；respond回应；recover恢复，收回。根据句意应选择B，同时考查了一般现在时的被动语态。

【考例 2】 Visitors ____not to touch the exhibits . ( NMET 2001全国 )

A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested

解析：答案选 D。虽然本句中没有具体时间标志，但根据语境可知，对参观者来说，这是一种普遍要求，故用一般现在时，而在这里根据语意来看，应采用被动结构。

【考例 3】 Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can't have time to ______ before the part. (NMET2004全国）

A. get changed          B. get change C. get changing       D. get to change

解析：答案选 A。答案：答案选A。本题检查“get + done”被动结构，get changed 的含义为“换衣服”。同样的情况还有：get dressed, get killed, get burned等。

二、一般过去时的被动语态 : was/were + done

【考例 4】 The moment the 28th Olympic Games ________ open, the whole world cheered.(NMET2006福建)

A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared

解析：答案选 D。句意：28届奥运会 一被宣布 开幕，全世界欢呼雀跃。“28届奥运会被宣布开幕”是过去的被动动作，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。

【考例 5】 It is said that the early European playing-cards______ for entertainment and education. (NMET2006辽宁)

A. were being designed B. have designed

C. have been designed D. were designed

解析：答案选 D。句意：据说早期欧洲扑克是为了娱乐和教育而 （被）设计 的。因为设计是过去的动作，因此选用一般过去时的被动语态。

【考例 6】 This is Ted's photo. We miss him a lot. He_____ trying to save a child in the earthquake.（NMET 2002北京春季）

A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing

解析：答案选 C。虽然前两句用了一般现在时，但Ted在地震中抢救儿童发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。

【考例 7】 The hero's story _____ differently in the newspapers. (NMET 2005全国)

A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported

解析：答案选 A。解析：该题考查动词一般过去时的被动语态。根据句式结构分析，主语The hero's story其与谓语动词report之间是被动关系，故B,C, D排除，答案选A。

三、一般将来时和过去将来时的被动语态：will(would) + be + done

【考例 8】 Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes.（NMET 2001北京春季）

A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose

解析：答案选 B。lose jobs 的意思是“失业”。主语是jobs ，谓语动词要用被动语态。条件句中的谓语动词的一般现在时态表示将来。

四、现在进行时和过去进行时的被动语态：am/is/are(was/were)+ being+ done

【考例 9】 Although the causes of cancer ____, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.(NMET2006山东)

A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering

C. are uncovering D. have uncovered

解析：答案选 A。根据句意“尽管导致癌症的原因 正在被揭露(发现) ，但我们仍旧没有有效的方法去组织它”，我们可以确定应该用现在进行时的被动语态。

【考例 10】 -- I don't suppose the police know who did it.

-- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ____________ now.（NMET2006江苏）

A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned

解析：答案选 B。根据句意“…一个人已经被捕，而且现在 正在被询问 ”，可以确定应该用现在进行时的被动语态。“now”是重要时间标志。

【考例 11】 I have to go to work by taxi because my car ______ at the garage. (NMET2006重庆)

A. will be repaired B. is repaired　　C. is being repaired D. has been repaired

解析：答案选 C。句意：我不得不做出租车上班，因为我的车正在修理厂 （被）修理 。根据句意可以确定应该用现在进行时的被动语态。

【考例 12】 Rainforests _______ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (NMET 2002上海春季)

A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut

解析：答案选 C。解析：这句话的意思是“雨林正在以那么快的速度砍伐和烧掉以至于在不久的将来它们将会消失。”从句子的语境 they will disappear from the earth in the near future中可以判断, 要用被动语态的现在进行时，表示现在正在发生的事对将来可能造成的影响。答案为C。

【考例 13】 A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it net month. (NMET 2001北京春季)

A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built

解析：答案选 D。根据语境they hope to finish it next month，说明电影院正在建设中，要用现在进行时的被动语态。

五、现在完成时和过去完成时的被动语态：have/has(had)+been + done

【考例 14】 The construction of the two new railway lines __________by now. ( NMET2006陕西)

A. has completed              B. have completed

C. have been completed         D. has been completed

解析：答案选 D。“by now”是现在完成时的时间标志；两条新铁路的建设是被完成，因此选用现在完成时的被动语态。

【考例 15】 Customers are asked to make sure that they the right change before leaving the shop. (NMET2006重庆)

A. will give B. have been given 　C. have given D. will be given

解析：答案选 B。句意：要求顾客在离开商店前要确信已经 （被）找给了 零钱。强调在离开前动作的完成，因此选用现在完成时的被动语态。

【考例 16】 － How long _______ at this job ?

－ Since 1990. (NMET 2003北京春季)

A. were you employed B. have you been employed

C. had you been employed D. will you be employed

解析：答案选 B。句中的this job 指“现在”，不是 that job you gave up last year ? ，不能用C，也不能用 D ，因为下文中的Since 1990 与上文的this job （指“现在”）明确限定只能选B 。

【考例 17】 All the preparations for the task____ ,and we're ready to start .（NMET 2000北京春季）

A. completed B .complete C .had been completed D .have been completed

解析：答案选 D。此句考查的是现在完成时的被动语态形式，表示过去所做的事对现在的影响。

【考例 18】 The new suspension bridge _____by the end of last month . （NMET 2001上海春季）

A .has been designed B .had been designed

C. was designed D .would be designed

解析：答案选 B。根据时间标志by the end of last month来看，此句应使用过去完成时，且bridge与design之间应以被动语态形式出现，故选B项。