|
Thousands of workers across the U.S. are on strike, demanding better wages, better working conditions and more benefits. 美国各地数千名工人举行了罢工，要求更高的工资、更好的工作条件和更多的福利。 In what some have called "Striketober," workers in factories as well as the health care and food industries have either started or authorized strikes in the past month. 在被一些人称为“最常罢工者”的行业中，工厂、医疗保健和食品行业的工人在过去一个月开始或授权罢工。 It comes after more than a year of working during the pandemic and as millions of workers are quitting in what has been named the "Great Resignation." 在疫情期间工作了一年多之后，数百万工人辞职，这被称为“大辞职”。 Joseph McCartin is a professor of history and the director of the Kalmanovitz Initiative for Labor and the Working Poor at Georgetown University. 约瑟夫·麦卡廷是一位历史学教授，也是乔治城大学卡尔马诺维茨劳工和贫困工人倡议的负责人。 He spoke with NPR's All Things Considered about why so many American workers seem to be either striking or threatening to strike. 他接受了美国公共电台新闻的评说世事(All Things Considered)节目的采访，谈论了为什么这么多美国工人要么罢工，要么威胁要罢工。 Ailsa Chang: Why exactly are we seeing so many strikes right now in particular? 问题 一： 艾丽莎·常：为什么我们现在看到这么多罢工呢? McCartin: One [reason] is that workers have just come through the pandemic and the economy is just beginning to improve. And usually, after a big crisis and when things begin to improve, workers can become more militant. 麦卡廷：一个原因是，工人们刚刚从疫情中走出来，经济刚刚开始好转。通常，在大危机之后，当情况开始好转时，工人们会变得更加激进一些。 I think the fact that this has coincided with the "Great Resignation" is also crucial because we've seen a tremendous upsurge in workers quitting jobs in the private sector. 我认为，与“大辞职”同时发生的事实也至关重要，因为我们看到私营部门的工人辞职人数急剧上升。 And that's unusual. 这是不寻常的。 In August, we set a record for such quits, and what I think that shows is there's a broad dissatisfaction that workers feel and that's giving workers who are organized more leverage. 8月份，我们创下了此类辞职的记录，我认为这表明工人们普遍感到不满，这给了有组织的工人更多的筹码去进行罢工。 The third thing is that people see now that they have an administration in power that's really openly siding with workers and even taking positions in support of strikes. 第三件事是，人们现在看到，他们的行政当局公开地站在工人一边，甚至站在支持罢工的立场上。 It's very unusual for Cabinet members to visit strike picket lines. 内阁成员访问罢工纠察线是很不寻常的。 Could that mean that we will be seeing even more strikes soon? 问题二： 这是否意味着我们将很快看到更多的罢工呢？ Strikes tend to breed strikes. If workers see that strikes are being effective, they're more likely to use the strike weapon. 罢工往往会引发后续罢工。如果工人们看到罢工是有效的，他们更有可能使用罢工作为武器。 What makes this current wave of strikes significant or unique? 问题三： 是什么使当前的罢工浪潮变得重要或独特? I think one of the things that makes it unique is the post-pandemic context. 认为它的独特之处在于大流行后的环境。 The pandemic disrupted a lot of the status quo and labor management relations in a way that only happened, I think, three times in the 20th century — after both of the world wars and during the Great Depression. 我认为，这种情况在20世纪只发生过三次——两次世界大战之后和大萧条期间。 It was in each of those cases, by the way, that we saw a big upsurge in worker militancy. 顺便说一下，正是在这些案例中，我们看到了工人斗争的激增。 When the status quo gets upended, it changes workers' expectations. 当现状被颠覆时，它就会改变员工的期望。 Coming out of World War II, workers had made sacrifices and they wanted rewards after the war. 二战结束后，工人们做出了牺牲，他们希望在战后得到回报。 I think a similar feeling pervades the American workforce today. 我想类似的感觉也弥漫在今天的美国劳动力中。 A lot of people sacrificed a lot in the past year — the essential workers, for example — and yet they're looking at a labor market that they feel still doesn't reward them as they feel they ought to be rewarded. 在过去的一年里，许多人牺牲了很多——例如，那些重要的工人——然而，他们看到的劳动力市场仍然没有给他们带来应有的回报。 问题 文中提到的罢工者要求的条件有哪些？ 留言回复正确答案，前五名朋友可以获得红包奖励哦，赶快来试试吧！ 感谢关注 跟Amber一起看世界 |
|
|
