英语忌重复——注重表达丰富多样 汉语多重复——注重形式规整和气势 一、直译 (1) His refusal to support her had, in effect, forced her resignation. 他不支持她这一事实逼得她只能辞职。 (2) Western politicians worry publicly about some games’ similarity to gambling. Clinics are sprouting around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit in the same way they might cure them of an addiction to alcohol or cocaine. 西方政客公开担心某些游戏与赌博的相似性。世界各地的诊所如雨后春笋般涌现，承诺治愈上瘾病人的习惯，就像他们可能治愈他们对酒精或可卡因的成瘾一样。 二、还原 (1) Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 译文：新的社会压力可能会出现，原因之一是人口激增，原因之二是由于人口大量流动而产生了种种问题，而现代交通方式使这种流动变得相对容易。 分析：中文喜重复，除非距离特别近、指代特别清楚，建议还原所指代词组（先行词）。themselves: mass migration movements (2) The five principles of Peaceful Coexistence are the guidelines that the P.R.C has upheld since its founding in 1949 when dealing relations with other countries. 译文：自1949年中华人民共和国建国以来，和平共处五项原则一直是其处理与他国关系时所遵照的指导方针。 分析：its: the P.R.C. 在还原指代词组的同时，可以尝试将代词与先行词进行融合。 三、互换 先行词与代词在翻译时进行互换，即将先行词译为该代词，将该代词译为先行词，使行文更符合汉语的表达习惯。（代词后指代） (1) Astronomers can estimate the size and brightness of a star by its color. 天文学家可以根据恒星的颜色来估计其大小和亮度。 (2) The terms of the reunion, however welcome (it is), are complicated by an intermingling of political and personal issues. 原译：再度联合的条件，不管它多么受欢迎，被交织的政治和个人问题，变得复杂起来。 改译：不管双方多么乐意再度联手，但（由于）政治和个人问题交织在一起，联合的条件变得复杂起来。 四、转译 将译文中的代词转化为汉语中其它词性的词，比如转译为副词或者名词。 What liberal arts does is to impart knowledge, nurture critical thinking and develop good citizenship. 译文：博雅教育的作用在于传达知识、培育批判精神、涵养优良的公民精神。 分析：what为指示代词，指代后文的to impart knowledge, nurture critical thinking and develop good citizenship. 表达的是就是liberal art的价值/作用/功效所在，直译代词会导致行文不流畅。 五、不译 代词不译的指导原则是符合译文的表达习惯，但又不改变原文意思（减词不减意）。英语中常频繁使用代词，在译为汉语时，可以适当省略。可以不译的代词有：人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、物主代词和不定代词。 1.人称代词 直译：“他们”等（前提：不会引起歧义）（替换词：其、自己） 还原指代：尤其是出现多个代词时 (1) The debate they set off has been unedifying because of entrenched views that have as much to do with politics as with language. 由于一些与政治和语言有着同样程度关系的根深蒂固的观点，他们引发的争论缺少支持者。 (2) Sociolinguists are at pains to point out that all dialects are valuable to their speakers—Yorkshire English and so on persist for that very reason. 社会语言学家竭力指出，所有方言对于自己的使用者而言都很重要——这正是约克郡英语等方言能存在至今的理由。 (3) But when linguists make this case, they are often misconstrued as saying students should not be marked down if, for instance, they write “you was” instead of “you were” when deploying standard English. 但是，当语言学家给出上述理由时，经常会被误认为是在说，举个例子，如果学生在使用标准英语时，写出“you was”而不是 “you were”，那他们不该被扣分。 2.指示代词 处理原则：一定要结合上下文弄清所指，并清楚表达，不要引起歧义。 【上文】In the early years, they might include what are in effect translation exercises, getting kids to take the “you was” of their home English and turn it into “you were” for essays. 48 In advanced classes, that sort of task may open up the chance to 49 talk about things like dialects, class 50 and power. Mr Hollmann says all this makes for a “deeper, more engaging and more inclusive discussion of standard English”—not an elimination of it. 霍尔曼表示，所有这些都有助于对标准英语进行更深入、更吸引人、更广泛的讨论，而不是对其避而不谈。 3.关系代词 处理原则： 顺译：根据英语结构翻译（一般用于短的定语或定语从句）； 分译：将原句根据意群拆分为两个或者两个以上的短句（一般用于长的定语或定语从句）。 (1) The firm, which unveiled its prospectus on October 4th and is expected to list soon, is the world’s fourth-biggest chip foundry by revenues. 该公司在10月4日发布了招股说明书，希望能够很快上市，它目前是全球收入排行第四的芯片代工厂。 (2) With billions from Mubadala Investment Company, a sovereign-wealth fund from the United Arab Emirates, which currently owns all of GloFo, the firm tried to keep up with rivals in the race to forge cutting-edge electronic circuitry. 译一：有了来自目前持有GloFo全部股份的阿联酋主权财富基金穆巴达拉投资公司的数十亿美元，GloFo试图在制造尖端电子电路的竞争中跟上对手。 译二：GloFo目前由阿联酋主权财富基金穆巴达拉投资公司完全持股，在得到该公司的数十亿美元之后，GloFo试图在制造尖端电子电路的竞争中跟上对手。 分析：以上译一将Mubadala Investment Company的同位语和which从句全部译成前置定语，导致这部分译文过长冗长。译二将主句前面部分的译文拆分成两个相对较短的句子，总体更好理解。 |
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来自： 白鹤云轩 > 《英汉翻译技巧汇总》
