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日读一句7 Guided by years of research, this federal law has created funding opportunities to encourage states to provide services to meet families` mental health, substance use, and parenting needs to help keep children at home instead of sending them to foster care. 句意翻译 这部联邦法律，以多年的科学研究为指导，创造了许多融资机会以促使各州提供能够满足家庭成员的心理健康、药物使用和帮助儿童留在家里而非送往看护班的养育需求的服务。 结构分析 1. 顺次精简赘述成分： Guided by …前面缺乏be动词，是非谓语成分，即过去分词短语作状语，修饰谓语has created，表示原因、方式或补充说明谓语的背景等；Guided和主语this federal构成被动的主谓关系； 2. 分清三个连续的动词不定式： 第一个动词不定式短语to encourage states作目的状语，修饰谓语created；第二个动词不定式短语to provide services作宾语补足语，修饰states； 第三个动词不定式to meet ...作目的状语，修饰 provide service，其中动词meet接三个宾语，分别是mental health， substance use和parenting needs。动词不定式短语to help keep...作定语修饰needs，其中help后接动词省略to，keep children at home是动词接宾语及补足语，instead of是副词词组作状语修饰help，sending them to foster care是动名词词组作of的宾语。 3. 句子主干： Guided by …, this federal law has created …to encourage … to provide … to meet … to help … instead of sending …. 总结：本句的特点是动词不定式比较多，修饰关系比较复杂，此外过去分词和动名词等非谓语动词也需要特别关注。 语法点津： 不定式的非谓语用法 一、不定式(否定式)句法功能 1) 作主语 It hurts me not to have been invited． 没有邀请我，我很不痛快。 To accept their offer would be foolish./It would be foolish not to accept their offer. 接受他们的提议会是愚蠢的。 2) 用作表语 This is not to whitewash the actual political practice of the government. 这并非要粉饰政府的政治做法。 The worst thing about cooking is to try to run before you can walk . 烹调时最糟糕的就是急于求成。 Get the basics right and the rest will follow． 把最基本的几手学会了，剩下的就容易了。 3) 用作宾语 He pretended not to have seen me． 他假装没看见我。 He promised to go there again． 他答应再到那儿去。 She resolved not to go to the party . 她决定不去参加晚会。 Tired as she was , I decided not to disturb her. 虽然她很累，但我决定不打扰她。 In spite of these insults , she managed to keep calm. 尽管有这些侮辱，她还是设法保持冷静。 4) 用作定语 Tom has a dream to be a writer. 汤姆梦想成为一名作家。 We have an agreement not to talk bout it. 我们已同意不讨论此事。 There belongs to the history of fifteenth century English literature a very pretty story not to be found in literary textbooks . 15世纪英国文学中有一篇很美的故事，在文学教科书中是找不到的。 5) 用作状语 Study hard so as not to fail the exam． 努力学习，以免考试不及格。 You were lucky not to be killed. 你大难不死，真是好运气。 He shut himself in the room so as not to be distracted. 他把自己关在房间里，以免分心。 The book is intended to be read and not to be torn. 这本书是为了阅读的，而不是为了给人撕毁的。 He started early in order not to miss the train. 为了不错过火车，他早早地出发了。 6) 用作宾补 He persuaded me not to touch it． 他劝告我不要触碰它。 She begged me not to tell her parents． 她求我不要告诉她的父母。 My mother warned me not to talk to strangers. 我妈妈警告我不要和陌生人说话。 You must promise never to do that. 你必须保证永远不要那样做。 7) 用作主补 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 游客不得触摸展品。 Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke at the buffet counter. 请乘客不要在自助餐柜台吸烟。 Lone women drivers are advised not to pick up hitchhikers. 孤独的女司机被建议不要接搭便车的人。 The sailors were warned not to get into trouble while they were on shore. 水手们被警告上岸时不要惹麻烦。 2. 不定式作定语时表示的四种逻辑关系 1) 主谓关系：中心词是不定式的逻辑主语 He is not a man to tell a lie． 他不是个说谎的人。 See if you can get the car to start． 试试看你能不能把车子发动起来。 2) 动宾关系:中心词是不定式的逻辑宾语 We have a lot of work to do． 我们有许多工作要做。 I have some clothes to wash . 我有些衣服要洗。 注意：当不定式与所修饰的中心词有动宾关系时，不定式中的动词须为及物动词，若是不及物动词，不定式后须加上适当的介词： I need a pen to write with . 我需要一支笔写字。 Give me some paper to write on． 给我一些纸写字。 3) 同位关系:不定式是中心词的内容 I have a wish to go to college． 我有一个上大学的愿望。 I had a dream to fly in the sky like a bird ． 我做了一个像鸟儿在天上飞的梦。 4) 并列关系：中心词与不定式相互补充说明，此时被修饰词多是些抽象名词 I haven ' t had a chance to think yet. 我还没有机会去思考。 We have no need to be afraid of them！ 我们没有必要害怕他们！ The dog found out the way to open the door. 那只狗找到了开门的方法。 I ' m sure of his ability to cope with this． 我肯定他有能力应付此事。 I am so busy I have no time to write a letter. 我太忙了都没时间去写信了。 They tried to assure him of their willingness to work. 他们试图向他保证他们愿意工作。 3. 不定式作状语 一、用作目的状语 不定式用作目的状语，一是在句首，二是在句末： To avoid any delay please phone your order direct. 为避免任何延误，请直接致电您的订单。 To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了保持清醒，他们坐在地板上，互相讲故事。 To trace the origins of the Irish problem , we have to go back over three hundred years. 要追溯爱尔兰问题的起源，我们必须追溯到三百多年前。 Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside. 消防员不得不打破门才能到达被困在里面的人的身边。 注意：特别强调目的状语，可构成 in order to do sth/so as to do sth. She arrived early in order to get a good rest. 为了好好休息一下，她早早地到了家。 I left a message so as to be sure of contacting her. 我留了个口信，以确保你能联系到她。 二、用作结果状语 不定式用作结果状语通常放在句末： He returned home to find his wife lost. 他回到家中，发现他妻子已经走了。 He woke ( up ) to find himself alone in the house. 他醒来发现自己独自呆在房子里。 The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower. 这所房子又高又窄，就像一座塔。 It was such aloud noise as to wake up the baby. 这声音简直吵醒了婴儿。 Is this bridge strong enough to support lorries ? 这座桥坚固到足以支撑卡车吗？ I arrived at the shop only to find I ' d left all my money at home. 到了商店，却发现我把所有的钱都留在了家里。 As an actor he is too experienced to mind what the audience say. 作为一名演员，他太有经验了，根本不介意观众在说什么。 注意: only to do sth 这类结果状语，它表示的往往是一种出乎意外的结果。 He hurried to the booking office only to be told the tickets had been sold out. 他急忙赶到售票处，却被告知票已经卖光了。 【试一试】 1. ______ you need to give all you have and try your best . A . Being a winner B . To be a winner C . Be a winner D . Having been a winner 【解析】答案为B 。不定式用于句首表示目的（即用作目的状语）。句意为：要想获胜，你必面要倾其所有，全力以赴。 2.When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ____ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 【解析】答案选D。由于“他”与“训练”之间为被动关系，故可排除A和C。另外，由于被训练进行航空飞行是他被派往那儿的目的，所以宜用不定式，故选D。 3. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _________. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 【解析】答案选A。根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被动式，因此可排除B和C。另外，根据句意，“设法被听见”是目的，所以要用不定式表示，故选A。 巩固练习 1. ______the seeds and they will grow. A . Water B. to water C . Watering D.Watered 2. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but __ work for young people . A . provide B . to provide C . providing D . provided 3. He arrived at the office early ,__ a good example to the others . A . set B.to set C . to be set D. having set 4. Please make my excuse at tomorrow ' s meeting - I ' ve got too much work _____. A . to do to come B . doing coming C . to do coming D . to do coming 5. We looked everywhere for the keys , but they are nowhere _____. A . to find B . to have found C . to be found D . being found 6.I' ve never been so poor __ _ able to afford a meal . A . as to be not B . not as to be C . as not to be D . as to not be 7.I don ' t know whether to stay in teaching or _ another job. A . trying getting B . to try to get C . trying to get D . try get 8.I ' ll have to change my clothes before I go out ---- I don ' t want _____. A . to see B . to be seeing C . to be seen D . being seen 9. In fact , she was the first woman __ to such a post . A . to elect B . to be electing C . to have elected D . to have been elected 10.I ' d like __ over the Alps and looking down at the mountains . A . flying B . being flying C . to be flying D . be flying 11. I ' m learning ____ a cake . Can you explain_____one? A . to make , to make B . how to make , to make C . to learn , how to make D . making , making 11.Whom would you rather _ with you , Jim or Jack ? A . have go B . have to go C . have gone D . has to go 12.The husband advised ____ to the south , but his wife advised him __ up the idea. A . moving , giving B . to move , to give C . moving , to give D . to move , giving 13." Would you like to come for a walk with me ?"" T ' d prefer __. Thank you ." A . not to B . to not C . not D . can ' t 14.I would mend your radio , but I don ' t know ____. A . how B . to C . how to D . to how 16." I haven ' t heard from Henry for a long time ."" What do you suppose_____? A . was happening B . to happen C . has happened D . had happened 17.When I handed the report to John , he said that George was the person _____ . A . to send B.for sending it C . to send it to D. for sending it to 18." Do you know the girl in red ?"" She seems __ me at last month’s party.But I’m not sure. A . to introduce to B . to be introduced to C . being introduced to D . to have been introduced to 19. We all agreed __ for another day , but Jim disagreed_____. A . to wait , to do so B . to wait ，不填 C . waiting , doing so D . waiting ，不填 20.He made up his mind to devote his life_____ pollution______ happily. A . to prevent , to live B . to prevent , from living C . to preventing , to live D . to preventing , from living Key:1-5 ABBAC 6-10 CBCDC 11-15 ACAC 16-20 CCDBC |
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