![]() 本文内容已经过同行评议,以优先出版方式在线发表,可作为有效引用数据。由于优先发表的内容尚未完成规范的编校流程,《中华外科杂志》不保证其数据与正式版内容的完全一致。 【引用本文】张璨,陈赞.寰枢椎脱位外科治疗的技术进展[J].中华外科杂志,2024,62(3):182-186. ![]() 寰枢椎脱位病因复杂,病理形态多样。根据寰枢椎脱位的病理学解剖特点,结合临床技术制订合理的分类标准,并针对不同类别脱位制订相应的治疗策略,综合应用各种寰枢椎松解技术、复位技术、内固定技术和融合技术,才能取得外科治疗的满意效果。本文探讨了寰枢椎脱位的外科治疗技术的最新进展,详细讨论了基于不同寰枢椎脱位类型的治疗策略,分析了临床分型和治疗策略的实用性和有效性。后路寰枢椎关节松解融合技术在未来可能对传统分类和治疗策略带来的挑战,显微脊柱外科技术可能在改善手术技术和提高治疗效果方面发挥重要作用。 寰枢椎关节由位于中央的寰齿关节和两侧的侧方关节构成。寰齿关节由齿状突、寰椎前弓和横韧带构成车轴关节,齿状突上方由翼状韧带和齿状突尖韧带与枕大孔前缘连接,限制其在正常范围内左右转动[1]。寰齿关节还能维持寰枢椎在矢状面内的稳定性。寰枢椎两侧的侧方关节呈水平状态,承担头颅的重力。寰枕关节和寰枢椎关节的正常形态对颅颈交界区的稳定性至关重要[2]。寰枢椎脱位是指寰枢椎关节受到先天或后天性因素的破坏,导致关节对应关系发生错位的一种病理解剖状态,使得枕颈部正常解剖结构和生物力学均被损害,甚至导致高位脊髓损伤,严重影响患者的生活质量,甚至危及生命。本文根据既往文献结果及团队经验,详细讨论了不同寰枢椎脱位分型和治疗策略的实用性和有效性,并对寰枢椎脱位的外科治疗技术的最新进展进行探讨。 一、寰枢椎脱位的分类及治疗策略进展 二、寰枢椎脱位治疗技术的演进 三、展望 显微脊柱外科技术辅助的后路寰枢椎关节松解融合技术正在逐步完善,并推广应用。这一技术将提高后路寰枢椎脱位的复位率,减少寰枢椎脱位治疗的创伤,提高寰枢椎脱位治疗的整体疗效,并改变经典寰枢椎脱位分类和治疗策略。未来需要进一步进行前瞻性研究以评价这一手术技术的疗效,并进行随机对照研究对比基于这一技术制订的治疗策略与经典治疗策略的效果差异。 参考文献 (在框内滑动手指即可浏览) [1]LopezAJ,ScheerJK,LeiblKE,et al.Anatomy and biomechanics of the craniovertebral junction[J].Neurosurg Focus,2015,38(4):E2.DOI:10.3171/2015.1.FOCUS14807. 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