新目标八年上册1-6单元语法复习与练习 面临期中考试,大家都在认真地准备。哪些语法点是我们复习的重点呢?大家不妨浏览一下语法博士Mr Grammar的博客空间,好多同学都喜欢在他博客里留言,G博士总是耐心的对同学们的疑惑做出解答。下面,让我们一起进入G博士的语法博客,看看有哪些精彩的留言和解析值得我们关注! G博士的语法博客 【留言一】Hello! G博士!我们学习了很多频度副词,他们表示的频繁程度有高有底,该如何区别呢? G博士:频度副词按照频繁程度的大小可排名如下,图中阴影部分的大小表示“频率”。 always
usually often sometimes seldom
never 1. always意思是“总是”,所表示的频率最高,常用于句中。如: Mr Wang
always gets to school early. 王老师总是很早到校。 2.
usually意思是“通常”,表示的频率比always略低,一般表示规律性。如: Tony
usually gets up at six am. 托尼通常在早晨六点起床。 3. often意思是“经常”,所表示的频率比sometimes多,常被用在句中。如: We often
go fishing on weekends. 我们经常周末去钓鱼。 4.
sometimes,意思是“有时”,相当于at times。放在句子的任何位置都可以。如: She goes
to school on foot sometimes. 她有时候步行去上学。 5. seldom意思是“很少;不常”,常常被用在句子中间。如: He seldom
goes out at night. 他晚上几乎不出去。 6. never意思是“从不;从来没有”,可以表示完全否定,常用于句中间。如: He is
never late for school. 他上学从不迟到。 温馨提示: (1)当对频度副词提问时,一般要用how often,表示“多长时间做某事一次”。如: My sister
goes to the library once a week. (就划线部分提问) →How often does your sister go to
the library? (2)频度副词一般来讲都与一般现在时态连用,但有时也与进行时态连用。与进行时态连用时,并非表示动作正在进行,而是表明说话者带有赞赏、厌烦或批评等感情色彩,意为“总是做某事”。如: She is always helpful to others. 她总是乐于助人。(表示赞赏) He is always playing computer games. 他老是玩电子游戏。(表示批评) 【留言二】Hello! G博士!我想向您请教一下情态动词should、can和have to的用法。 G博士:should、can和have
to同属“情态动词家族”,有情态动词的共同特点:不能单独做谓语,必须和动词原形连用。 1. should没有人称和数的变化,表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,本身词义不完全,主要用法有:(1)表示劝告、建议,认为某人“应该”、“应当”做某事,或“有义务和责任”做某事。如:You
should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息。(2)表示“要求”、“命令”,语气比较强烈。如:You
shouldn’t be late again. 你不能再迟到了。 2. can表示说话人的语气或情态,没有人称和数的变化,无论主语是第几人称,无论主语是单数还是复数,can均“一视同仁”,主要用法有:(1)表示请求或允许,多用在口语中,意为“可以;能”等。用于疑问句中用来提出要求,用于否定句表示不允许。如: Can I use
your pen? 我可以用一下你的刚笔吗? You can’t
take the book out of the room. 你不可以将这本书拿出室外。 (2)表示能力(如体力和脑力方面),有“能;会;能够”的意思。如: Can you
speak English? 你会讲英语吗? Can he
play the piano? 他会弹钢琴吗? (3)表示可能。如: Today is Sunday, so
he can’t be at school. 今天是星期天,所以他不可能在学校里。 3. have to 是一个比较特殊的情态动词,有人称、数和时态的变化,have的第三人称单数形式为has,过去式为had。have to 表示客观上的需要,强调被迫性,有“不得不”的含义。如: It’s raining heavily outside. We have to stay at home. 外面雨下得很大,我们不得不呆在家里。 【留言三】前面我们学习了现在进行时的用法,它可以表示正在发生的动作或状态。可在Unit 3 中,我们却遇到了很多用现在进行时表将来意义的句子,请问G博士,哪些词有这样的用法? G博士:现在进行时表示目前或现阶段正在发生的动作或状态,这是它的“常规工作”。然而,你知道吗?它还经常做些“兼职工作”——表达将来的意义。 1. 表示“位置移动”的词,如go,come,leave,start,arrive等通常用现在进行时态的形式表示即将发生的动作或状态,时常伴有意图、安排或打算的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动形象,常常表示较近的将来。如: His uncle
is leaving for 2. 一些“非位移”动词,也可以用现在进行时表将来。如: Jenny is
babysitting her little brother. 詹妮将照看她的小弟弟。 【留言四】G博士,您好!现在进行时与一般现在时都属于现在时态范畴,该如何区别使用呢? G博士:一般现在时态和现在进行时态是两种非常重要的时态,它们的区别主要体现在以下几个方面: 1. 一般现在时态表示经常性、反复性、真理性、客观性的状态或动作;而现在进行时态表示此刻或当前一段时间内正在发生的动作或状态。试比较: I often
read English in the morning. 我经常在早晨读英语。(表示一种重复性的动作) I am
reading English now. 我现在正在读英语。(表示动作正在进行) 2.
一般现在时态通常与always,usually,often,sometimes,every day等频率副词及时间状语连用;现在进行时通常与now,listen,look,these days等时间状语连用。如: Jim usually
goes to school at seven o’clock. 吉姆通常七点钟去上学。 Look! The
boys are playing basketball over there. 看,那些男孩们正在那边打篮球。 3. 一般现在时表示的是经久的情况,而现在进行时表示的是暂时的情况。如: He lives in He is living
in 4. 一般现在时态是由动词原形或动词词尾加-s /–es(主语为第三人称单数时)表示的;现在进行时态是由系动词be(am/is/are)加动词的现在分词构成的。试比较: He plays
football every day. 他每天都踢足球。 He is
playing football. 他正在踢足球。 【留言五】 Hello! G博士!在庞大的疑问词家族中,how是其中“问题”最多的一员。该如何掌握how的用法呢? G博士:how可以单独提问,也可以与其他词联合提问。具体用法如下: 1. how单独提问,可以问程度、天气、方式等。如: How do you like math? 你认为数学怎么样? How is the weather today? 今天天气如何? How do you get to school? 你怎样去上学? 2. how 经常与其他形容词或副词联合提问。 ① how far 意为“多远”,询问两地间的距离。如: —How far is it
from here to Beijing? 从这儿到北京有多远? —It is about two
hundred kilometers. 约 ② how long意为“多长;多久”,提问物体的长度或时间的长短。如: —How long is the
river? 这条河有多长? —It is fifty
kilometers long. ③ how old意为“多大”,问年龄大小。如: —How old is your
brother? 你弟弟多大? —He is nine. 他九岁。 ④how many意为“多少”,提问可数名词数量多少。如: —How many
students are there in your class? 你们班有多少学生? —There are twenty
boys and twenty-two girls. 有20个男生,22个女生。 ⑤how much意为“多少”,询问不可数名词的数量或物品的价格。如: —How much is this
dictionary? 这本词典多少钱? —It is fifty
yuan. 50元。 ⑥ how often 意为“每隔多久”,对表示频率的副词或短语提问。如: —How often do you
see a film? 你多久看一次电影? —Once a week. 每周一次。 ⑦ how soon意为“多久以后”,提问某动作多久以后发生。如: —How soon will
John come back? 约翰多久以后回来? —In half an hour.
半小时以后。 ⑧how about意为“……怎么样?”,询问对方的建议或看法。如: —How
about going swimming? 去游泳怎么样? —Good
idea. 好主意。 【留言六】
G博士,您好!通过前面的学习,我们知道形容词有“三级”,即原级、比较级和最高级,也掌握了一些基本用法,可在具体运用时,还是很容易出错。您能讲一下学习比较级和最高级应注意哪些问题吗? G博士:当两个人或事物进行比较时,需用形容词的比较级,当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,需用形容词的最高级。在具体运用时,还要注意: 1. 在比较级的句子中,前后进行比较的必须是同类事物,否则会产生歧义。如: My bag is
bigger than yours. 我的书包比你的(书包)大。 2. 比较级的重叠使用表示“越来越……”。如:stronger and stronger 越来越强壮,more and more beautiful 越来越美丽。 3. 句型“The + 比较级
+ …, the + 比较级 + ….”表示“越……,越……”。如: The more,
the better. 越多越好。 4. 比较级前可加上适当的修饰语,以加强比较的语气,使比较的程度更加明确,常见的修饰词有a little, a bit, much, even等。如: Table
tennis is much more popular than basketball in our school. 乒乓球在我们学校比篮球流行多了。
6. 级与级之间可以相互转换。常见句型有: ① not so (as) + 单音节形容词或副词 + as →单音节形容词或副词的反义词比较级 + than。如: Tony is not so (as) tall as John.→ Tony is shorter than John. ②not so (as) + 多音节形容词或副词 + as → less+ 多音节形容词或副词原级 + than。如: Sam doesn’t write so (as) carefully as Mary. → Sam writes less carefully than Mary. 在了解了这些语法项目的用法后,同学们是不是非常想知道这些抽象的语法项目在考试中或中考中是以什么形式出现的呢?为此,为大家收集了去年的中考题,并进行了总结和整理,把大家半学期来学的这些考点链接了中考,希望对大家都期中复习有所帮助! 高频考点集中营 【考点1】 always, usually, often,
sometimes, hardly ever, never等频率副词。 【课本链接】I usually play soccer. 【点拨】always意为“总是;一直”,表示的频率最高,达100%;usually意为“通常”,所表示的频率低于always,约为90%;often意为“时常;经常”,所表示的频率比usually低,约为60%;sometimes意为“有时”,所表示的频率约为30%;hardly ever意为“很少;难得”,所表示的频率约为1-2%;never意为“从不;决不”所表示的频率为零。 【考例】—English is _______ too difficult for me. I
can’t learn it well. —Don’t give up. Nothing is
difficult if you work hard.(08,安徽) A. seldom B. never
C. always D. usually 【解析】C。根据答语可知句子要表达的意思是“英语对我来说总是太难了”,所以选C。 【考点2】用现在进行时表示一般将来时 【课本链接】What are you doing for vacation? 【点拨】be (am / is / are) + V-ing是现在进行时表示将来意义。 【考例】Mr Lee ______ football with his classmates
for vacation. A. plays B. is playing C. are play D. are playing(08,山东滨州) 【解析】B。句意为:李先生打算假期和他的同班同学踢足球。这里用现在进行时态表示某人主观上打算在将来某个时间要做的事情,具有将来的含义。 【考点3】情态动词 【课本链接】①You should go to bed. ②—Can you come to my party? —I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to
help my parents. 【点拨】① should 是shall
的过去式,意为“应当;应该”,通常表示主观看法或提出建议、劝说,后面直接动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。如: You should clean your
hands before meals. should的否定形式为should not,通常缩写为shouldn’t。 ② can是情态动词,意为“能;可以;会”,没有人称和数的变化,后面的谓语动词用原形。can可以表示能力或猜测,否定形式为can’t。Can you…? 是熟人和朋友之间常用的表示邀请或请求的句型。 ③have to意为“不得不,必须”,后面接动词原形,可用于多种时态。have to表示在有外来压力的情况下不得不做某事,而must表示说话人的主观看法。 【考例】①—He has a stomachache. —He ______ eat anything. A. should B. shouldn’t C. must
D. mustn’t ② Mary will be busy this weekend.
She _____ watch the game show on TV. A. needn’t
B. can’t C. mustn’t D. doesn’t have to (08,江苏镇江) ③—I can’t stop playing computer games. —For your health, my boy. I’m
afraid you _______. A. can B. may
C. must D. have to 【解析】①B。提建议应用情态动词should, 根据题意应选B,
shouldn’t表示“不应该”。 ② B。句意为:玛丽这一周末很忙,她不能看电视了。 ③ D。强调客观上的“不得不;必须”。 【考点4】how引导的特殊疑问句 【课本链接】How do you get to school? 【点拨】how是疑问副词,意为“怎样;如何”,本句考查的是how询问交通方式。 【考例】-Do you know ______ the soldiers come to
Yingxiu Town? -The roads were badly broken. They
have to walk there. (08,江苏盐城) A.
why B. when C. how
D. where 【解析】 C。对方式提问用how,句意是“你知道战士们怎么到达映秀镇的?”。 【考点5】形容词比较级 【课本链接】She’s a little more outgoing than me. 【点拨】形容词比较级的构成有规则变化和不规则变化,不规则变化的形容词需特殊记忆,规则变化如下:(1)一般词尾加-er;(2)词尾有e去e,再加-er;(3)“辅音字母 + y”结尾,变y为i,加-er;(4)一般重读闭音节,末尾字母先双写,再加-er;(5)双、多音节前加more要牢记。另外在形容词比较级前还可用much, even, a little, a bit来修饰,表程度。 【考例】Our family has bought a car so we
can travel ______ than before.(08,
陕西省) A. most easily B. less easily C. easily
D. more easily 【解析】D。than
before “比以前……”,在进行比较时要用比较级,据题意“我们家买了一辆小汽车所以我们旅行比以前更容易了”,所以选D.
more easily。 1-6单元语法练习题 I. 化妆舞会:用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. Jim
________ (go) to the park twice a week. 2. You
should ________ (see) a dentist. 3. Nick
is ________ (funny) than Tim. 4. He
________ (have) to clean the classroom right now. 5. He is
________ (athletic) than Jenny. 6. I’m
________ (visit) my friends in 7. His
little sister is a little ________ (outgoing) than him. 8. Pedro
is much ________ (tall) than 9. Jim
sometimes ________ (work) ten hours a day. 10. Nick often
_________ (watch) TV in the evening, but now he ________ (read). 11. Can
you _________ (come) to my party? 12. It usually________ (take) me twenty minutes to get to school. 13. Jack is not as
_________ (strong) as Tom. 14. My parents _________ (take)
me to 15. The _________
(much) you practice, the _________ (good) your English will be. 16. Who is _________ (smart), Tom or Dave? 17. I’m ________ (babysit) my little
brother this Sunday. 18. They’re ________ (go) fishing this
weekend. 19. He’s _________ (quiet) than most of the
kids in our class. 20. They are ________ (relax) at home on
vacation. II. 单项选择:从四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。 1. I _____ go to the park with my mother
when I’m free. A. sometimes B. some time C. sometime D. some time 2. Schools _______ allow students at least one
hour a day for sports. A. would B. should C. might D. could 3. My aunt _____ to see me. She will be here soon. A. came B. come C. is coming D. comes 4. Our school is _____ of all the schools in our city. A. big B.
bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 5. It’s getting _____ when spring comes. A. warm and warm
B. warmer and warmer C warmest and warmest D. the warmer and the warmer 6. _______ hours do you exercise every day? A. How
long B. How many C. How often D. How much 7.
Doctors often says, “_________ vegetables and __________ meat can help you keep
fit. A. More; less
B. Few; much C. More; more D. Fewer; more 8. He
does his homework as _________ as he can. A.
careful B. carefully C. more carefully D. care 9. The
weather in A. hot;
in B. hotter; / C. hot; that in D. hotter; that in 10. Joe
________ go to the doctor. His leg is broken. A. has to
B. have to C. may D. can 11. —As students, we should study hard for the
future. —I think so. ________ we study now,
________ future we will have. A. the
hard; the good B. the harder; the
better C. the
hard; the better D. the harder; the
good 12. —Daming, ________ you speak English? —Yes, only a little. A. may B.
need C. can D. must 13. —Hurry up! It’s time to leave. —OK, ________. A. I’m
come B. I come C. I came D. I will come 14. —Tom is leaving for a holiday. —Really? Where ________ he
________? A. has;
gone B. did; go C. is; going D. do; go 15. —How often does Kate go hiking? —____. A. I
guess she’s OK B. About an hour C. Once the week D. Twice a week III. 句子魔方:按要求进行句型转换。 1. I
write to my friend once a week. (对划线部分提问) _______ _______ do you write to
your friend? 2. He has
to go there by taxi. (改为否定句) He _________ ________ to go there
by taxi. 3. My new
coat is 500 Yuan. (对划线部分提问) _______ _______ is your new coat? 4. I will
come back in half an hour. (对划线部分提问) _______ _______ will you come
back? 5. Tony
can speak Chinese.(变为否定句) Tony ________ ________ Chinese. 6. I
visit my grandparents twice a month. (对划线部分提问) _______ _______ ________ do you
visit your grandparents a month? 7. She does her homework at school. (改为否定句) She
_______ _______ her homework at school. 8. There
are forty-five students in our class. (对划线部分提问) _______ _______ students are there
in your class? 9. I can
speak English. (改为一般疑问句) ________ ________ speak English? 10. It is
20 kilometers from his home to school.(对划线部分提问) _______ _______ is it from his
home to school? 11. You should
eat something for breakfast. (改为否定句) You ________ eat ________ for
breakfast. 12. I’m babysitting
my little sister this weekend. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ you ________
this weekend? 13. Sally
often goes to the movies. (改为一般疑问句) ________ Sally often ________ to
the movies? 14. She’s
going to her aunt’s house for vacation. (对划线部分提问) ________ she ________ for
vacation? 15. John
usually goes to the office by bike. (对划线部分提问) _________ ________ John usually
_________ to the office? 16. John and Susan are going to the
movies tonight. ________ ________ John and Susan _________ tonight? 17. He has to study for a test. (改为一般疑问句) _________ he _________ _________ study for a
test? 18. He is taller than any other student in
our class. (改为同义句) He
is _________ _________ student in our class. 19. He reads English books every day. (改为一般疑问句) ________
he ________ English books every day? 20. It
takes me about 20 minutes to get there by bike. (对划线部分提问) _________ ________ does it take
you to get there by bike? IV. 小心“译译”:根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 1. 她总是帮我学英语。 She _________
_________ me with my
English. 2. 你们明天要去野营吗? Are you _________
_________ tomorrow? 3. 有时候我弟弟乘公共汽车去上学。 _________ my
brother _________ to school by bus. 4. 我们应该按老师说的去做。 We _________ _________what our teachers tell us. 5. 詹妮通常六点半起床。 Jenny _________
_________ up at 6:30. 6. 你多久去游泳一次? _________ _________ do you go swimming? 7. 你应该多做运动。 You _________ _________ more exercise. 8. 这个假期,我将和父母去观光旅游。 I’m _________ _________ with my parents this vacation. 9. 她不应该在教室里听音乐。 She _________ _________ to music in the classroom. 10. 我们的城市正变得越来越美丽。 Our city is becoming _________ and
_________ _________. 11. 假期你将干什么? What _________ you _________ for vocation? 12. 你应该早点上床睡觉。 You _________
_________ be bed
early. 13. 他们通常怎样去上学? _________ _________ they usually get to school? 14. 从你家到学校有多远? _________
_________ is it
_________ your home _________ school? 15. 爸爸明天要去拜访他的老朋友。 Father _________
_________ his old
friends tomorrow. 16. 彼得比吉姆体格更健壮。 Pedro is _________ _________ than Jim. 17. 我弟弟比我外向一点。 My brother is a little _________ _________ than me. 18. 你打算这个周末打篮球吗? _________ you _________ basketball this weekend? 19. 我得为化学考试做准备。 I
_________ _________ study for my chemistry test. 20. 詹妮不像他哥哥一样擅长体育。 Jenny is not _________ good at sports _________ his brother. |
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