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考前知识清理30天 （3） I. 语法复习： 主谓语一致 (1) 1．语法一致原则：是根据主语的语法标记决定其谓语动词的单数、复数形式。主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。 2．意思一致原则：是指主谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形式来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在涵义，一般有三种情况。①单数形式的主语，谓语动词用复数。②复数形式的主语，谓语动词用单数。③同一词作主语，有时谓语动词用单数有时用复数。 3．就近一致原则：即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 4．具体如下： １)主语是一个抽象概念（包括不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语），谓语动词用单数。 ２)如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有：with, together with, as well as, no less than, rather than like, but, besides, except, as much as, including, along with ...等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数。 ３) each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词；one of +复数名词, many a, more than one (a)等所修饰的词作主语，它们的谓语都用单数。 ４)people, police, cattle 等词作主语通常用复数。 ５)majority, population, class, family, group, team, crowd, audience, army, government, company, enemy 等集体名词，按意思一致原则，作为整体，看作单数；指其中一个一个成员，看作复数。 ６)表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词作主语，尽管是复数，谓语动词用单数。 ７)or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not...but..., not only...but also... 等连接两个主语时，谓语动词用就近一致原则。 ８)以 there, here, such 引起的句子，而主语又不只一个，谓语动词用就近一致原则。 ９)以what 引起的主语从句，all, most, half, the rest, the remainder 等引起的主语，谓语动词按意思一致的原则处理。 10)关系词who, that, which 引起的定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词在数和人称取得一致。但one of+复数名词 + that从句。从句的谓语动词应用复数，而the (only) one of+复数名词 +that从句，从句的谓语动词应用单数。 11)当 the与原级形容词连用，表示一类人时；或某些以-s(es) 结尾的人名，指一家人、夫妻俩或同名同姓的若干人时，谓语动词用复数。 II.句型复习： 1．It’s time … 句型。 1)It’s time for us to go to school. 2)It’s time for class. 3)It’s time we had lunch . 2. before的用法： 1）He went out before I had a chance to tell him the good news. 2)We hadn’t waited long before the bus came. 3)We will die before we will betray our country. 4)It is two hours before her mother came. 3. afraid的用法： 1）He is afraid of going out alone at night. 2) He seldom stands out on the river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into the river. 3) She is afraid to go to the forest. 4) I’m afraid I’ve got bad news for you . III.A.词汇. 1）impress, v. (给……留下印象) impression. n. 印象 one’s impression of sth. 某人对某事物的印象 leave / create /make a … impression on sb . 给某人留下/造成……的印象 give sb a good /bad impression 给某人留下一个好/坏印象 be under the impression that … 以为……认为…… impress … on /upon … 给……留下深刻印象 B.短语记忆 go wrong 走错路，出毛病 owe sth to sb. 把……归功于某人 stay away 不在家；外出 on the air 正在播出的 run after 追赶 bring sb back 送回某人 think highly of 对……高度评价 leave out. 省去 不考虑 stare at 盯着 make jokes about sb. 以某人为笑柄 be determined to do sth 决心干某事 serve as 担任，充当 for the moment 目前；暂时 in all 总共；总之 take off 成功；成名；脱掉（衣服）；（飞机）起飞 C.记住下列词语 scene (情景) law （法律） career (生涯) award (奖品) role (角色) choice (选择) script（手稿） actor（男演员） academy (学院) studio（摄影棚） outer（外部的） adult (成人) cruelty (残忍) peace (和平) industry（工业） live (现场地) interrupt (打断) apologize(道歉) forgive (原谅) culture (文化；文明) behave (举止) damp(潮湿的) spirit (精神) disabled (残疾的) |
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