论高考英语词汇辨析的文化与思维习惯(二)
邓 北 平 (接上期) ㈡汉译相似性辨析 ▲ordinary:① average, common, or usual, not different or special. ② not particularly good or impressive. ▲common:① happening often and to many people or in many places.② ordinary and not special in any way.
1. But I am just an ordinary girl, with ordinary parents and went to an ordinary school with 2,000 other kids. 简论:这个时候我们可以翻译为“普通的”、“平常的”,即大多数人都是如此。语义明确。 2.She was a serious young woman, rather ordinary in appearance. 简论:对比强烈,外表乏善可陈,有“次一等”的意味,不属于大多数人的共性范畴。 3. It's surprising that a girl as attractive as Sarah is going out with someone so ordinary looking. 简论:长相稍差,是“次一等”的。词义与上例同。 1.—Why didn’t you buy the camera you had longed for? (2005闽,34)
简论:主考词为short,辅考词是fewer,less和cheap。在汉语中,“短”(short),“缺、差”(short),“少”(fewer、less),“便宜”(cheap)大致相通,语义属于模糊性接近,不易区别。但在英语中这些词汇实际上是泾渭分明的。该句句意是想买照相机但差50磅。 2. Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______.(2005津, 10) 简论:主考词strength和辅考词force在汉语中都有“力量”的意思。属于汉译相似性,实则两词本义相差甚巨。试比较: ▲strength:[uncountable]the physical power and energy that makes someone strong [≠weakness] ▲force: [uncountable]the amount of physical power with which something moves or hits another thing [strength] or violent physical action used to get what you want 3. My ______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.(2005皖, 28) A. idea 简论:主考词idea和辅考词opinion,mind及thought在汉译中都有“主意”,“点子”,“想法”之意。这个汉译词义特别容易让中国师生产生联想并且特别想来做比对分析。实际上,这几个词的本义尽管有某些相似,但差异依然很大,远不如汉译相似性那么强烈,因而使得众多的中国师生为众多的“想法”而苦恼不堪。各位读者不妨仔细研究这四个词的英文本义,并借此以观察中国人的文化、思维习惯。 ▲idea:[countable]a plan or suggestion for a possible course of action, especially one that you think of suddenly ▲opinion:①[uncountable and countable] your ideas or beliefs about a particular subject ②[countable] judgment or advice from a professional person about something ▲mind:[uncountable and countable] your thoughts or your ability to think, feel, and imagine things ▲thought:[countable]something that you think of, remember, or realize [= idea] (未完待续) |
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