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1.语法一致原则 （1）谓语的单复数要和主语的单复数相一致。如： A number of students in our school are from the country.我们学校很多同学来自农村。 The number of students in our school is more than 2000.我们学校的学生人数超过了2000。 （2）在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： In front of the room stands a tree. 房前有棵树。 There are two computers on the desk. 桌子上有两台计算机。 （3）一些由两部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语用复数。这类词常见的有：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。如： The black shoes are nicer.黑鞋较好一点。 The scissors are in the drawer. 剪刀在抽屉里。 但当它们前边有“pair(kind,type,form, box)+of”结构修饰时，谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于这些词是单数还是复数。如： A pair of chopsticks is on the atble. 桌子上有一双筷子。 Three new kinds of shoes are on show today. 今天有三种新鞋在展览。 （4）“some(any,no,every)+thing(body,one)” 构成的不定代词作主语，谓语用单数。如： In a small village everybody knows everybody else. 在一个小村子人人都互相认识。 Everything goes well with me. 我的一切进展很好。 （5）不定代词any, either, neither, none, all,some, more作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数要视其在文中的意义而定。如： All invited are present. 所有被邀请的人都到了。 More has been said about the matter. 关于这件事情又多说了几句。 （6）名词性从句或非谓语动词形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： To listen to music is my greatest pleasure. 听音乐是我最大的乐趣。 Whether she will come is still a question. 她是否来还是个问题。 （7）“分数或百分数+of+名词”结构，如果of后是复数名词，其谓语动词用复数形式；如果of后的名词为不可数名词，其谓语动词用单数形式。如： More than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.地球表面70%多被水覆盖。 One fourth of the students in our class are League members. 我们班有四分之一的同学是团员。 （8）在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，其定语从句修饰of后的复数名词，这时定语从句中的谓语动词用复数。如： He is one of the students who are from the north.他是从北方来的学生之一。 This is one of the most difficult questions that have been asked. 这是所提出的最困难的问题之一。 但是，当one前有the,the only等修饰语时，这时从句限定one，从句中的谓语动词应该用单数形式。如： She was the only one of the girls who was late. 她是唯一一个迟到的女生。 （9）由each,every,no所修饰的不同的单数名词即使用and连接，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Every teacher and every student has been there.每一个老师和学生都去过那儿。 Each boy and each girl wants to have a chance..每一个男孩和女孩都想有一次机会。 2．意义一致原则 （1）一些形式为复数，而意义却是单数的名词，如news,works, maths,physics,politics,means the United States,The Arabian Nights等，谓语动词用单数形式。如： The United States belongs to the first world. 美国属于第一世界。 Politics is much more difficult than physics. 政治比物理难得多。 （2）一些集体名词，如class,family,club,crew, crowd,government,group,party,public,team等，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如： Our team is the best team in the league. 我们球队是联赛中最好的球队。 My family are interested in football. 我家人都对足球感兴趣。 （3）people,cattle,police表“总称”，以及both,a few,many,several作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： The police are looking for the lost child. 警察正在搜寻丢失的孩子。 Both should make concessions. 双方都应让步。 （4）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、金钱、时间、距离或数字等复数名词时，一般把这些复数名词看作一个整体，其谓语动词用单数形式。如： Two thousand dollars is a large sum of money. 2000美元是一大笔钱。 Ten years is only a short period of time in the history of mankind.．在人类历史的长河中10年只是短暂的一瞬。 （5）如果主语由more than one或many a…构成，从意认上看是复数，但谓语动词仍然用单数形式。如： More than one student has seen the film. 不止一个学生看过那个电影。 Many a book has printing mistakes. 好多书有印刷错误。 （6）如果名词词组中心词为all，most,half,rest,或这四个词单独作主语，代替可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数形式；代替不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： A few of the trees can be cut each year for firewood，the rest are left to grow even taller． 每年可以砍掉一些小树当柴火，其余的就留下来，让它们长得更高。 All that can be done has been done． 一切能做的都已经做了。 （7）such，the same用作指示代词作主语时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单复数形式。如： Such was the situation we were facing. 这就是我们所面对的情况。 Such were the results he was expecting. 这就是他所等待的结果。 （8）关系代词who，that，which在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词应与句中的先行词相一致。如： Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.人类应用的有些能源源于太阳。 The students who are often late for school are to be punished.经常迟到的学生要受到惩罚。 （9）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数形式。但如果所指的具体内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： What we need is more time. 我们需要的是更多的时间。 What we need are books.我们需要的是书。 （10）“the+形容词或过去分词”作主语时，如果指一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。如： The injured have been cured and the lost have been found.受伤的人得到了救治，失踪的人已经找到了。 The dead was a famous scientist. 去世的人是一位著名的科学家。 （11）“the+姓氏+s”作主语时，如果表示一个整体的家，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示“一家人’或“夫妇俩”，谓语动词用复数形式。如： The smiths has moved to New York.. 史密斯一家搬到了纽约。 The Turners are talking in the sitting room. 特纳一家正在客厅里谈话。 3．就近就远原则 （1）当两个主语被下列词连接时，谓语动词的单复数采用就远原则，这些词是：as well as ,as much as, less than,along with, together with,with,like,rather than, but,except, besides, including.如： The teacher as well as the students is in the classroom.老师和学生都在教室。 Nobody but Mike and John was waiting there. 只有迈克和约翰在那儿等着。 （2）当两个主语用or,either…or,neither…nor,not only…but(also)连接时，谓语动词的单复数采用就近原则。如： Neithe my parents nor I am a teacher． 我的父母和我都不是教师。 Not only the students but also the teacher is present. 不仅学生们出席了，那位老师也出席了。 （3）用and或both…and连接两个主语时， 谓语动词用复数形式。如： Plastics and rubber never rot． 塑料和橡胶永远不腐烂。 Both walking and riding are good exercise. 步行和骑车都是很好的锻炼。 但是，并列主语如果指同一个人或同一件事时．谓语动词用单数形式．这时and后的名词前不加冠何。如： A knife and fork is on the table. 桌子上有一副刀叉。 The girl's teacher and friend is a young doctor.那个女孩的老师及朋友是一位年轻大夫。 （4）由here或there引导的句子，谓语动词的单复数采用就近原则。如： Here is a letter and some books for you. 这里有你一封信和几本书。 There is a pen，two books and some magazines on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔，两本书和一些杂志。 |
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