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自 由 颂 然而，自由，然而，你的旗帜，虽破碎， 却依旧飘扬，似雷霆暴雨，迎风激荡。 ----拜 伦 Yet, Freedom, yet, thy banner, torn but flying, Streams like a thunder-storm against the wind.-BYRON. 一 一个光荣的民族，又一次制动 各族人民的雷电：在西班牙 从城堡到城堡，从心灵到心灵， 自由的明光迸发，漫天喷撒 富有感染力的烈火。我的灵魂 把惊恐的链索抛弃， 展开歌声敏捷的羽翼， (像年轻的鹰，在朝霞中翱翔，) 庄严而坚强，在诗的韵律中， 在惯常的猎物上空盘旋; 直到精神的旋风，从荣誉之天 把它摄引，以生气蓬勃的火焰 充满太空的遥远星球，似飞舟激起浪花， 从背后把光芒投射。天宇深处 传来悠扬歌声，我将如实记录。 A glorious people vibrated again The lightning of the nations: Liberty From heart to heart, from tower to tower, o’er Spain, Scattering contagious fire into the sky, Gleamed. My soul spurned the chains of its dismay, And in the rapid plumes of song Clothed itself, sublime and strong; As a young eagle soars the morning clouds among, Hovering inverse o’er its accustomed prey; Till from its station in the Heaven of fame The Spirit’s whirlwind rapped it, and the ray Of the remotest sphere of living flame Which paves the void was from behind it flung, As foam from a ship’s swiftness, when there came A voice out of the deep: I will record the same. 二 “太阳和恬静的月亮赫然出现， 燃烧在深渊的星星升入 苍天深处。这奇妙的地球 －－天体海洋的岛屿， 在支持万物的大气云雾中悬浮。 但是这时，神圣的宇宙 仍然是混乱和灾难的渊薮， 因为你尚未诞生； 只有以恶造恶的暴力， 走兽，飞禽和水族的精神 已经像是点燃的火种， 无尽无休的战争在他们之间进行， 绝望，盘踞在他们内心。 他们被蹂躏的养母，发出痛苦的呻吟， 哀叹着兽与兽，虫与虫，人与人厮杀不已， 每一颗心是一座充满狂风暴雨的地狱。 The Sun and the serenest Moon sprang forth: The burning stars of the abyss were hurled Into the depths of Heaven. The daedal earth, That island in the ocean of the world, Hung in its cloud of all-sustaining air: But this divinest universe Was yet a chaos and a curse, For thou wert not: but, power from worst producing worse, The spirit of the beasts was kindled there, And of the birds, and of the watery forms, And there was war among them, and despair Within them, raging without truce or terms: The bosom of their violated nurse Groaned, for beasts warred on beasts, and worms on worms, And men on men; each heart was as a hell of storms. 三 “这时，人，这庄严的形体， 在阳光灿烂的天宇下生儿育女; 对于芸芸众生，亿万生灵， 宫殿，庙堂，陵墓和监狱 还只像是山狼破敝的巢穴。 生息不已的广大人类， 野蛮，粗暴，诡谲而愚昧， 因为你尚未诞生； 在这万姓麇集的荒原， 像狰狞的乌云笼罩着空旷的荒原， 专制的暴政高悬在上：封神的瘟疫姑娘： 依仗金钱和鲜血维持生命， 血腥和铜臭浸透灵魂的教士和暴君 则从四面八方把那受惊的人群 驱赶进她那宽阔翅膀的阴影。 Man, the imperial shape, then multiplied His generations under the pavilion Of the Sun’s throne: palace and pyramid, Temple and prison, to many a swarming million Were, as to mountain-wolves their ragged caves. This human living multitude Was savage, cunning, blind, and rude, For thou wert not; but o’er the populous solitude, Like one fierce cloud over a waste of waves, Hung Tyranny; beneath, sate deified The sister-pest, congregator of slaves; Into the shadow of her pinions wide Anarchs and priests, who feed on gold and blood Till with the stain their inmost souls are dyed, Drove the astonished herds of men from every side. 四 “希腊颠荡的海岬，蓝色的海岛， 浮云似的山峦，偶然掀起的波涛， 都沐浴着慈惠苍天开朗的微笑， 荣光闪耀; 从他们灵感的孔窍， 预言的回音发出了隐约朦胧的韵调。 在无忧无虑的原始荒郊， 适口的橄榄，谷物，葡萄， 尚未驯服于人的食用，还在野生野长； 但是，像海底含苞待放的蓓蕾， 像潜伏婴儿大脑的成人智慧， 像蕴含着未来的一切，不朽的艺术之梦 尚为派洛斯丰盛的大理石矿脉隐蔽； 诗，还是不善辞令，呀呀学语的孩童， 哲学，已为寻找你的形影而努力张望， 睁大永不闭阖的眼睛； 这时爱情海上 The nodding promontories, and blue isles, And cloud-like mountains, and dividuous waves Of Greece, basked glorious in the open smiles Of favouring Heaven: from their enchanted caves Prophetic echoes flung dim melody. On the unapprehensive wild The vine, the corn, the olive mild, Grew savage yet, to human use unreconciled; And, like unfolded flowers beneath the sea, Like the man’s thought dark in the infant’s brain, Like aught that is which wraps what is to be, Art’s deathless dreams lay veiled by many a vein Of Parian stone; and, yet a speechless child, Verse murmured, and Philosophy did strain Her lidless eyes for thee; when o’er the Aegean main 五 “兴起了雅典---壮丽的城邦， 仿佛要嘲弄最杰出的建筑工匠， 矗立在紫色山崖的基石之上， 白云雉堞，银色塔堡，像梦幻一样， 万顷碧波铺地，屋宇是暮色中的穹苍， 门廊里驻守着一群 腰间束着雷霆的暴风， 头枕云霓的翅膀，额上的花冠燃烧着 太阳的烈火，啊，神圣的工程! 而更为神圣的雅典，柱石巍峨， 矗立于人的意志，有如矗立于钻石山岭， 因为你已诞生。你万能的创造技巧 以不朽的大理石仿造了不朽死者的形象， 不朽的形象布满了那座山岗， 你最早的宝座，最近的宣谕殿堂。 Athens arose: a city such as vision Builds from the purple crags and silver towers Of battlemented cloud, as in derision Of kingliest masonry: the ocean-floors Pave it; the evening sky pavilions it; Its portals are inhabited By thunder-zoned winds, each head Within its cloudy wings with sun-fire garlanded,- A divine work! Athens, diviner yet, Gleamed with its crest of columns, on the will Of man, as on a mount of diamond, set; For thou wert, and thine all-creative skill Peopled, with forms that mock the eternal dead In marble immortality, that hill Which was thine earliest throne and latest oracle. 六 “在飞逝而去的时间激流波涛表面， 至今仍浮现着它那布满皱纹的容颜， 一如当年，永不安定，永远抖颤， 但是永不会消失，常留在人间。 你的贤哲和诗人，他们的语声歌声， 似雷霆挟着揭地掀天的暴风 穿越过昨日的洞穴轰鸣至今， 使压迫惊慌退缩，使宗教蒙上眼睛； 似充满欢乐，新颖和爱的乐曲飘扬， 冲破了时间和空间的帷幕， 在期望也未到达过的高空飞翔! 似海洋哺育河川，云雾和雨露， 似太阳把天廷照亮，似那伟大的宇宙精神 用生命，用爱使混沌的世界永葆青春， 雅典用你的喜悦使人间焕然一新。 Within the surface of Time’s fleeting river Its wrinkled image lies, as then it lay Immovably unquiet, and for ever It trembles, but it cannot pass away! The voices of thy bards and sages thunder With an earth-awakening blast Through the caverns of the past: (Religion veils her eyes; Oppression shrinks aghast:) A winged sound of joy, and love, and wonder, Which soars where Expectation never flew, Rending the veil of space and time asunder! One ocean feeds the clouds, and streams, and dew; One Sun illumines Heaven; one Spirit vast With life and love makes chaos ever new, As Athens doth the world with thy delight renew. 七 “而后罗马诞生，像幼狼就哺于 加得穆斯的女祭司，从你美妙的乳房 吮吸伟大的乳浆，和你最钟爱的 尚未断奶的幼儿一同分享天国的营养； 许多恐怖的正义事业，由于你的眷爱， 获得了神圣的地位和尊严； 沐浴着你的笑容，在你身边， 迦弥拉一生圣洁，阿蒂留死得坚毅。 而当泪水染污了你白的贞洁， 黄金亵渎了卡匹托林山上你的王位， 你便凭借神灵羽的轻捷， 弃主们的元老院而去， 他们已为一个主的卑微奴隶。 帕拉亭山以叹息模仿着艾奥尼亚的歌曲， 你曾留步谛停听，但又悲声否认它属于你。 Then Rome was, and from thy deep bosom fairest, Like a wolf-cub from a Cadmaean Maenad, She drew the milk of greatness, though thy dearest From that Elysian food was yet unweaned; And many a deed of terrible uprightness By thy sweet love was sanctified; And in thy smile, and by thy side, Saintly Camillus lived, and firm Atilius died. But when tears stained thy robe of vestal-whiteness, And gold profaned thy Capitolian throne, Thou didst desert, with spirit-winged lightness, The senate of the tyrants: they sunk prone Slaves of one tyrant: Palatinus sighed Faint echoes of Ionian song; that tone Thou didst delay to hear, lamenting to disown 八 “是从北冰洋上哪一处松林覆盖的地角， 是从里海边哪一条冰封的山峦或山坳， 是从哪一座人迹难以到达的远方小岛， 你为你王朝的覆灭发出悲痛的哀悼， 教导丛，波涛，沙漠的岩石和陆礁 和水神的每一口阴冷的水瓮， 以悲怆但又十分坚定的回声 谈说人们竟敢忘怀的庄严崇高的古风遗教? 因为你既不理会北欧诗人梦中神奇的羊， 也没有出现在克尔特巫师的睡乡， 纵然掠过你蓬乱的发卷如雨落下的泪水 转瞬间也就干燥，那又何妨? 因为当加利利之蛇从死海爬来屠杀，焚烧， 使你的世界化为形迹模糊的一片， 你并不哭泣，虽然你痛苦地哀叹。 From what Hyrcanian glen or frozen hill, Or piny promontory of the Arctic main, Or utmost islet inaccessible, Didst thou lament the ruin of thy reign, Teaching the woods and waves, and desert rocks, And every Naiad’s ice-cold urn, To talk in echoes sad and stern Of that sublimest lore which man had dared unlearn? For neither didst thou watch the wizard flocks Of the Scald’s dreams, nor haunt the Druid’s sleep. What if the tears rained through thy shattered locks Were quickly dried? for thou didst groan, not weep, When from its sea of death, to kill and burn, The Galilean serpent forth did creep, And made thy world an undistinguishable heap. 九 “整整一千年，大地在呼问，‘你在何方?' 然后，你的姗姗迟来的影子才落到 橄榄枝圈饰的撒克逊艾佛烈的头上； 落到许多个勇士聚居着的城堡。 它们像烈火从海底拥起的一座座山岗， 崛起在神圣的意大利， 楼塔轩昂，器宇宏伟， 横眉冷对君王，主教和奴隶汇成的海洋； 形形色色的暴政从四面八方袭来汹涌如潮， 遇到它们的城墙，便似无力的泡沫一般， 而发自人类精神深处的新颖曲调， 已经以爱和凛然不可侵犯的威严 使杂乱的五合之众目瞪口呆； 不朽的艺术 又用神奇的魔杖在我们的家园勾划图样， 以便在尘世建造起天国永久的殿堂。 A thousand years the Earth cried, ‘Where art thou?’ And then the shadow of thy coming fell On Saxon Alfred’s olive-cinctured brow: And many a warrior-peopled citadel. Like rocks which fire lifts out of the flat deep, Arose in sacred Italy, Frowning o’er the tempestuous sea Of kings, and priests, and slaves, in tower-crowned majesty; That multitudinous anarchy did sweep And burst around their walls, like idle foam, Whilst from the human spirit’s deepest deep Strange melody with love and awe struck dumb Dissonant arms; and Art, which cannot die, With divine wand traced on our earthly home Fit imagery to pave Heaven’s everlasting dome. 十 “你啊，比月神更为矫捷的猎者! 你啊 人世豺狼的灾星! 你箭袋中的利箭 像阳光，可以射穿以暴风为翅膀的乖谬， 就像白昼的明光能把平静的东方 开始分崩离稀释的一片片浮云射透! 路德领悟了你的召唤的目光， 这目观似闪电从他沉重的矛上 反射到四面八方，使那些就像坟墓 困惑着各民族的虚幻假象瓦解冰释； 英格兰的先知以他们奔流不息 但又永不会消逝的歌声欢呼过你， 像欢呼自己的女王! 你的形迹 也没有避过弥尔顿的精神的视野： 在悲苦的境遇里，露出忧郁的面容， 透过他的黑夜，见到了你的行踪。 Thou huntress swifter than the Moon! thou terror Of the world’s wolves! thou bearer of the quiver, Whose sunlike shafts pierce tempest-winged Error, As light may pierce the clouds when they dissever In the calm regions of the orient day! Luther caught thy wakening glance; Like lightning, from his leaden lance Reflected, it dissolved the visions of the trance In which, as in a tomb, the nations lay; And England’s prophets hailed thee as their queen, In songs whose music cannot pass away, Though it must flow forever: not unseen Before the spirit-sighted countenance Of Milton didst thou pass, from the sad scene Beyond whose night he saw, with a dejected mien. 一一 “虽不及待的时辰，殷勤热切的年岁， 仿佛站在曙光初照的山岗， 顿着脚要使喧闹的希望和忧虑闭嘴， 各以自己众多的数量胜过对方， 并且高声呼唤着：‘自由! 愤怒， 从她的洞穴里回答怜悯， 死亡在坟墓里脸色发青， 荒凉向破坏者号叫着：救命! 当你 像为自己的荣光笼罩的太阳一样升起， 从国家到国家，从一方到另一方， 像驱赶黑影，追逐你的仇敌； 仿佛在西方的汹涌波涛之上 日光撕裂了睡梦中的午夜天宇， 人们突然被你陌生眼睛的电光惊醒， 怀着惊喜的心情，踉跄着迈步前进。 The eager hours and unreluctant years As on a dawn-illumined mountain stood. Trampling to silence their loud hopes and fears, Darkening each other with their multitude, And cried aloud, ‘Liberty!’ Indignation Answered Pity from her cave; Death grew pale within the grave, And Desolation howled to the destroyer, Save! When like Heaven’s Sun girt by the exhalation Of its own glorious light, thou didst arise. Chasing thy foes from nation unto nation Like shadows: as if day had cloven the skies At dreaming midnight o’er the western wave, Men started, staggering with a glad surprise, Under the lightnings of thine unfamiliar eyes. 一二 “你啊，地上的天堂! 究竟是什么符咒， 曾能用不祥的阴影把你蒙蔽? 从压迫的巢穴粪土中诞生的一千个年头， 用血和泪玷污了你晶莹的明辉， 直到你的美妙的群星得以把污点哭去； 多么像是嗜血的酒徒---- 毁灭的手执王笏的奴仆， 愚蠢的头戴主教冠的后裔，在阴森的酿酒期， 围困着法兰西! 这时，和他们相似 却更强有力，凭借你被迷惑的威力， 一个暴君崛起，于是军队和军队混战， 似遮蔽恬静天宇的乌云互相堆积。 虽然迫于过去的迫逼，他已和死去的人们 一同沉睡，但是那些难望时日的阴魂， 至今仍使古堡中得胜了的君王心惊。 Thou Heaven of earth! what spells could pall thee then In ominous eclipse? a thousand years Bred from the slime of deep Oppression’s den. Dyed all thy liquid light with blood and tears. Till thy sweet stars could weep the stain away; How like Bacchanals of blood Round France, the ghastly vintage, stood Destruction’s sceptred slaves, and Folly’s mitred brood! When one, like them, but mightier far than they, The Anarch of thine own bewildered powers, Rose: armies mingled in obscure array, Like clouds with clouds, darkening the sacred bowers Of serene Heaven. He, by the past pursued, Rests with those dead, but unforgotten hours, Whose ghosts scare victor kings in their ancestral towers. 一三 “英格兰还在睡：难道不曾有谁呼唤过她? 如今西班牙在呼唤她，像维苏威 要用尖锐的雷声去唤醒埃特纳， 它的回答把积雪的山崖粉碎： 在波光粼粼的海面，从皮塞库萨 到佩勒鲁斯，每一座希腊海岛 欢呼跳跃，在合唱声中光芒远照： 它们高呼：‘灭了吧，高悬顶空的天庭明灯!' 她的链条是金线，只须她一笑， 就会融化掉； 西班牙的却是坚钢， 要粉碎须用至善和正义的锋利锉刀。 同一命运的孪生姐妹，去求助西方， 向在茫茫西方君临我们的永恒的年岁求告； 以你们所想过，所做到的一切，像用印章， 以时间不敢隐藏的一切印在我们心上。 England yet sleeps: was she not called of old? Spain calls her now, as with its thrilling thunder Vesuvius wakens Aetna, and the cold Snow-crags by its reply are cloven in sunder: O’er the lit waves every Aeolian isle From Pithecusa to Pelorus Howls, and leaps, and glares in chorus: They cry, ‘Be dim; ye lamps of Heaven suspended o’er us!’ Her chains are threads of gold, she need but smile And they dissolve; but Spain’s were links of steel, Till bit to dust by virtue’s keenest file. Twins of a single destiny! appeal To the eternal years enthroned before us In the dim West; impress us from a seal, All ye have thought and done! Time cannot dare conceal. 一四 “阿弥纽斯的坟墓! 请把你的死者高举， 愿他的灵魂像哨楼的旌旗招展， 在暴君的头顶上空迎风飘舞； 啊，为君主所欺骗的日耳曼， 痛饮真理神秘之酒的狂徒， 他的墓志铭应该是你的胜利! 他死去的精神正活在你的躯体。 我们何必又期望又担忧? 你已自由! 你啊，这光融神圣世界的失乐园! 你啊，鲜花怒放的荒芜大地! 你啊，永恒的岛! 你啊，又是祭坛， 荒凉正在这里披着美的外衣， 向昨日之你膜拜顶礼! 喔，意大利， 快振作起你的血气! 把那些以你 神圣的殿堂为巢穴的兽类赶出去。 Tomb of Arminius! render up thy dead Till, like a standard from a watch-tower’s staff, His soul may stream over the tyrant’s head; Thy victory shall be his epitaph, Wild Bacchanal of truth’s mysterious wine, King-deluded Germany, His dead spirit lives in thee. Why do we fear or hope? thou art already free! And thou, lost Paradise of this divine And glorious world! thou flowery wilderness! Thou island of eternity! thou shrine Where Desolation, clothed with loveliness, Worships the thing thou wert! O Italy, Gather thy blood into thy heart; repress The beasts who make their dens thy sacred palaces. 一五 “喔，愿自由的人把君王这邪恶的名义 踏入粪土! 也可以就写在那里， 让这荣誉篇章上的污点有如蛇行遗迹， 任轻风去擦拭，平沙使它湮灭! 你们，已听到那庄严睿智的神谕： 快举起闪耀胜利光辉的剑 斩断这腐朽而且邪恶的字眼 所构成的蛇结，这个字本身虽然无力 像残秸断梗一样脆弱，却可以 把震慑人类的棍棒和斧钺 结成无可辨驳是强有力的集合体： 它的声音就有毒，会引起疫病， 这就是使生活腐败，污浊，可憎的病原体， 你不该不屑于在命定的时日，用你 武装的脚踵踏死这不甘灭亡的虫豸。 Oh, that the free would stamp the impious name Of KING into the dust! or write it there, So that this blot upon the page of fame Were as a serpent’s path, which the light air Erases, and the flat sands close behind! Ye the oracle have heard: Lift the victory-flashing sword. And cut the snaky knots of this foul gordian word, Which, weak itself as stubble, yet can bind Into a mass, irrefragably firm, The axes and the rods which awe mankind; The sound has poison in it, ’tis the sperm Of what makes life foul, cankerous, and abhorred; Disdain not thou, at thine appointed term, To set thine armed heel on this reluctant worm. 一六 “喔，但愿智者以他们光辉的头脑， 点燃这阴暗世界穹庐的明灯， 以便使教士这苍白阴森的名号 ----恶魔对人类的傲慢的愚弄， 退缩回去，回到它在地狱的老巢： 直到人类的各种思想终于可能 独自跪拜在自己无畏的灵魂 那至尊的理性的宝座前听候裁判； 像从明净的湖泊升起闪光的水珠 形成云雾的把苍天的蓝色容貌遮住， 来自思想的言词也常使思想模糊， 喔，剥去隐蔽真面目的那层纱幕， 和一切不属于它们的光，色，忧容和笑颜， 直到真伪都赤裸着面对自己的真主， 领受他们各自所应得到的一份褒贬。 Oh, that the wise from their bright minds would kindle Such lamps within the dome of this dim world, That the pale name of PRIEST might shrink and dwindle Into the hell from which it first was hurled, A scoff of impious pride from fiends impure; Till human thoughts might kneel alone, Each before the judgement-throne Of its own aweless soul, or of the Power unknown! Oh, that the words which make the thoughts obscure From which they spring, as clouds of glimmering dew From a white lake blot Heaven’s blue portraiture, Were stripped of their thin masks and various hue And frowns and smiles and splendours not their own, Till in the nakedness of false and true They stand before their Lord, each to receive its due! 一七 “有人曾教导人类，要征服 从摇篮到坟墓途中的任何事物， 他把人类尊为生活的真主， 喔，这也于事无补! 假如 他由衷拥戴压迫，甘心为奴。 即使大地物产丰富， 能使亿万人衣丰食足， 思想孕育着力量，像树种孕育着树木； 即使那热心的工艺拍舞着火焰的羽翎， 飞往自然的宝座代为恳诉， 扯住那俯身受扶的伟大母亲， 祈求她：‘给我，给你的儿女， 支配天上地下的全部权力'，那又能怎样? 如果生活制造新的贫困，劳苦的人们有一份收入， 就被一千倍地夺走你和工艺所给的馈赠和财富! He who taught man to vanquish whatsoever Can be between the cradle and the grave Crowned him the King of Life. Oh, vain endeavour! If on his own high will, a willing slave, He has enthroned the oppression and the oppressor What if earth can clothe and feed Amplest millions at their need, And power in thought be as the tree within the seed? Or what if Art, an ardent intercessor, Driving on fiery wings to Nature’s throne, Checks the great mother stooping to caress her, And cries: ‘Give me, thy child, dominion Over all height and depth’? if Life can breed New wants, and wealth from those who toil and groan, Rend of thy gifts and hers a thousandfold for one! 一八 “来吧，但是，请像启明召请太阳 升出黎明的海洋，请引导智慧 走出人类精神至深处的内在心房。 我已听她的车辇，旌旗翻飞， 像彩云驾驭着焰火在空中飞航； 她，和你们----永恒思想的主宰， 是不是来用庄严的真理 裁判这分配不当的人生安排? 普遍的爱，平等的正义， 未来的希望，过去的荣誉! 喔，自由! 如果这能够成为你的名字， 你是否离得开他们，他们是否离得开你； 如果你和他们的珍宝可以用血泪购买， 难道那明智而自由的人们不是已经 流出了眼泪和眼泪一样的血?” ----庄严的歌声 Come thou, but lead out of the inmost cave Of man’s deep spirit, as the morning-star Beckons the Sun from the Eoan wave, Wisdom. I hear the pennons of her car Self-moving, like cloud charioted by flame; Comes she not, and come ye not, Rulers of eternal thought, To judge, with solemn truth, life’s ill-apportioned lot? Blind Love, and equal Justice, and the Fame Of what has been, the Hope of what will be? O Liberty! if such could be thy name Wert thou disjoined from these, or they from thee: If thine or theirs were treasures to be bought By blood or tears, have not the wise and free Wept tears, and blood like tears?-The solemn harmony 一九 到此中断，那歌唱的精灵 突然回到它的深渊； 于是，像一只野天鹅正迎着黎明 穿过雷烟，沿着自己的航线， 在高空飞行，突然被电火击中， 便穿过金光，坠落地上， 地面发出沉闷的反响； 像夏季的云卸尽满载的雨水而消失形迹， 像远方的烛光随同夜尽而熄灭， 像短命的昆虫随同逝去的一天死亡，---- 我的歌由于翅膀无力而停歇， 曾支持它飞翔的伟大声音的回响 消失在远方上空，像刚为泅渡者铺路的海水 在汹涌起伏的波涛中已把他溺毙， 在被淹没的头颅周围发出咝咝的声息。 Paused, and the Spirit of that mighty singing To its abyss was suddenly withdrawn; Then, as a wild swan, when sublimely winging Its path athwart the thunder-smoke of dawn, Sinks headlong through the aereal golden light On the heavy-sounding plain, When the bolt has pierced its brain; As summer clouds dissolve, unburthened of their rain; As a far taper fades with fading night, As a brief insect dies with dying day, My song, its pinions disarrayed of might, Drooped; o’er it closed the echoes far away Of the great voice which did its flight sustain, As waves which lately paved his watery way Hiss round a drowner’s head in their tempestuous play. 1820 年 初 江 枫译 【注释】 自由颂：西班牙人民在利阿戈和吉罗加的领导下起义，在一八二○年迫使专制国王菲迪南给予人民权利，实行宪法。雪莱的这首诗就是由这一辉煌的历史事件引起的。它可以称为哲理颂诗。它从万物肇始说起，首先否定了卢骚所 歌颂的“自然状态”，认为世界的原始时期是“一片混沌和诅咒”，接着叙述历史发展的大致情况，指出“自由”是判断光明与黑暗的尺度。诗人看到自由的精神首先降落在希腊和雅典，因而它们的成就是不朽的；罗马在被黄金渎污了它的神殿以前，也一度感受到自由的精神。以后基督教兴起，自由消失了一千年，文艺复兴才又把它带到人间，各国都曾看到它而又失去了它；而现在，西班牙点起自由的火炬，希腊也苏醒了，诗人乃号召英国、德国和意大利起来反抗国王和教会。 培罗斯：希腊塞克来狄斯群岛之一，以产大理石著名。 卡德摩斯：希腊神话，忒拜王卡德摩斯的女儿塞墨勒为主神宙斯所恋，因她要求宙斯原形显现，而被雷火焚死。遗一子即酒神狄俄倪索斯。此处狼子或指酒神（性残酷）。 卡米拉：公元前五至四世纪的罗马贵族，他屡次率领罗马人打败侵略者。阿蒂利亚即雷古拉，公元前三世纪罗马的执政官，他被迦太基人所俘，后来迦太基欲和罗马讲和，派他与使节同去，如讲和成功，即可将他释放，但他抵罗马后，仍劝罗马继续作战，终于自动回返迦太基的囚禁中，而被杀死。 帕拉丁：帕拉丁，罗马最高的一个山丘。 爱奥尼亚：小亚细亚一带地方，古希腊属地。 赫凯尼亚：古波斯地名。 朱伊德：古高卢及英国等地僧侣的一个支派。这里指：在中世纪，北欧歌者及僧侣文学已不再歌唱自由。 加利利：《圣经》上常见的地名，附近有一湖，称为加利利海，“加利利的蛇”似指基督教会。 阿弗瑞德(849-901)：西萨克逊族的国王，以开明及热心发展文学著称。 马丁·路德(1483-1546)：德国宗教改革家。 约翰·弥尔顿(1608-1674)：英国诗人，也是竭力拥护英国资产阶级革命的政论家。他于目盲后写出了《失乐园》等诗。 力量的化身：指拿破仑。 维苏威：维苏威是那不勒斯的火山。伊特纳是西西里的火山。 彼色久莎和彼罗拉：希腊的岛屿名。 同一宿命的姊妹：指西班牙和希腊。向“遥远的西方”求援，或指向当时推翻帝制的美国求援。 阿敏纳斯(公元前17?-公元21):德国民族英雄，他曾屡次率众抵抗罗马大军，使之不得侵入德国腹地。本节写德国和意大利。 高迪阿：古扶里吉亚（今小亚细亚）国王，他系了一个复杂的纽结，预言说，谁能解开这个纽结，便能成为亚洲的君主。亚历山大王用剑斩断了它。 伊奥：希腊神话中是司晨曦的女神。 两个国君：指“自由”和“智慧”。 |
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